Download Notes - Being an Environmental Scientist

Being an
Environmental
Scientist
Standard: 7.EC.5A.1
7.EC.5B.1
7.EC.5B.2
Section 1:
Students will demonstrate an
understanding of how organisms
interact with and respond to the biotic
and abiotic components of their
environments.
NEED TO KNOW – How an ecosystem is organized
• The organization in the natural environment from
most simple to most complex:
•Species
•Populations
•Communities
•Ecosystems
•Biomes
• Each level of an ecosystem is defined by the type and
number of biotic (organisms) and/or the abiotic (nonliving) factors present
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Vocab to KNOW:
Species
• The individual living organism
• Organisms of the same species can reproduce to
make more of that species
• Example – white tail deer
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Vocab to KNOW:
Populations
• All of the individuals of a given species in a specific
area or region at a certain time
• Members of a population compete for food, water,
space and mates
• Example – ALL of the white tail deer in South Carolina
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Vocab to KNOW
Communities
• All the different populations in a specific area or region at a
certain time
• Communities involve many types of interaction among the
populations
• Some of these interactions involve the obtaining and use of
food, space, or other 61 environmental resources
• Example – ALL of the living organisms (biotic factors) in the
environment with the white tail deer, including pine trees,
grass, squirrels, moss, mushrooms, and Carolina wrens
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Vocab to KNOW:
Ecosystems
• One or more communities in an area and the abiotic
factors, including water, sunlight, oxygen,
temperature, and soil is an ecosystem
• Example – ALL of the living organisms (biotic factors)
in the environment with the white tail deer, including
pine trees, grass, squirrels, moss, mushrooms, and
Carolina wrens as well as all of the abiotic (non-living)
factors such as rivers, soil, air, and rocks
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Vocab to KNOW:
Biomes
• Individual ecosystems grouped together according to
the climate, the predominant vegetation, and
characterized by adaptations of organisms to that
particular environment
• Example – the temperate deciduous forest that the
white tail deer live in
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Levels of Organization Video
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Card Sort Activity
In your groups:
• Open your envelope
• Put the vocab term,
picture, and definition
together
• Think of 3 abiotic factors
in this ecosystem
• Name the biome your
ecosystem exists in.
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Individual Assignment
• Write/illustrate the levels of organization in your
backyard
•Species
•Populations
•Community
•Ecosystems
• If you do not finish in class, finish it for homework!!!
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Section 2:
Develop and use models to explain
how organisms interact in a
competitive or mutually beneficial
relationship for food, shelter, or
space
Interrelationships -> how two things
interact
• In any given ecosystem, organisms have interactions
that are competitive (only one benefits) or mutually
beneficial (both benefit)
• Symbiosis is the interaction between different
organisms in an environment that results in a greater
number of species having access to resources (such as
food, shelter, or space)
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Symbiosis
• A symbiotic relationship exists between 2 different
species that live together in direct contact
• The balance of the ecosystem is adapted to the
symbiotic relationship. If the population of one of the
symbiotic organisms becomes unbalanced, the
populations of both organisms will fluctuate
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Relationships in an ecosystem
• Types of Symbiotic relationships:
•Competition  only one winner
•Parasitism  one benefits, one does not
•Mutualism  both benefit
•Commensalism  one benefits, the other is not affected
• Other relationships:
•Predator-prey relationships  one hunts, the other dies
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Competition
• Competition  relationship that occurs when two or
more organisms need the same resource at the same
time.
• Competition usually results in a decrease in the
population of a species that is unable to compete for
a particular resource.
• Competition can be among the members of the
same or different species and usually occurs with
organisms that share the same niche.
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Niche
• An ecological niche  the role or job of an organism
in its environment including the type of food it eats,
how it obtains its food and how it interacts with other
organisms.
• Two species with identical ecological niches CANNOT
coexist in the same habitat.
***When this occurs, what type of interaction do we
have???
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Competition Examples
• Fish inside an aquarium competing for food and
space
• A hyena and a lion competing for territory
• An eagle and hawk competing for prey
• What examples can you think of???
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Parasitism
• Parasitism is when one organism (the parasite)
benefits at the expense of the other organism (the
host). In general, the parasite does not kill the host.
• Examples:
•Parasites living in the host  tape worms, heartworms, or
bacteria
•Parasites feeding on host externally  aphids, fleas, or
mistletoe.
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Parasitism
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Parasite and its Host
• The parasite-host populations that live have no
devastating effects on each other.
• Parasitism where host dies is devastating to both the
parasite and the host populations.
• Important  host survives and thrives long enough
for the parasite to reproduce and spread.
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Mutualism
• Mutualism is when both organisms benefit. Because
the two organisms work closely together, they help
each other survive.
• Examples:
•bacteria that digest wood live within the digestive tracts of
termites
•plant roots provide food for fungi, the fungi break down
nutrients the plant needs.
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Mutualism
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Commensalism
• Commensalism is when one organism benefits and
the other organism is not affected.
• Examples:
•barnacles that attach to whales are dispersed to different
environments where they can obtain food and reproduce
•burdock seeds that attach to organisms are carried to
locations where they can germinate
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Commensalism
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Predator-Prey Relationships
• Predation is an interaction between species in which
one species (the predator) hunts, kills, and eats the
other (prey). This interaction helps regulate the
population within an ecosystem thereby causing it to
become stable.
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Fluctuations in predator–prey populations are
predictable
• At some point the prey population grows so numerous that
they are easy to find
• As the prey population increases, the predator population
increases.
• As the predator population increases, the prey population
decreases.
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Section 3:
Develop and use models (food webs and
energy pyramids) to exemplify how the
transfer of energy in an ecosystem
supports the concept that energy is
conserved
Energy Roles
• All organisms have energy roles in their environment
• Each role is determined by:
•how the organism obtains its energy
•how they interact with other organisms in the environment
• The flow of energy can be represented by:
•Food webs
•Energy Pyramids
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Food Webs
• A food web describes the organisms in a particular
ecosystem found in interconnecting food chains using
pictures or words and arrows
• Food webs describe the complex patterns of energy flow in
an ecosystem by modeling who consumes whom or what
• The arrows point to where the energy is going (who is eating
it)
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Energy Pyramids
• An energy pyramid is a graphical representation of
the energy flow in an ecosystem
• The amount of energy that moves from one trophic
level to another in an energy pyramid is not the same
• Energy availability decreases as it moves up the
energy pyramid. The most energy is available at the
producer level of the pyramid
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Now its time to create your own…
• Illustrate a food web and an energy pyramid from a different biome (desert,
tropical rain forest, deciduous forest, savannah, ocean, pond, river, etc…)
• Do NOT copy one from the notes
• You may use the web to help
• When you are finished, raise your hand and I will sign you off.
• After sign off, put your lenovo and bell ringer up, pack up, and study your
notes for the game!!!
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Quiz Friday – What to know…
Be able to define and give examples of each:
• Species
• Competition
• Population
• Parasitism
• Community
• Mutualism
• Ecosystem
• Commensalism
• Biome
• Predator prey
• Abiotic factors
• Food webs
• Biotic factors
• Energy pyramid
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