* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Notes - Being an Environmental Scientist
Survey
Document related concepts
Storage effect wikipedia , lookup
Soundscape ecology wikipedia , lookup
Molecular ecology wikipedia , lookup
Restoration ecology wikipedia , lookup
Biogeography wikipedia , lookup
Ecological fitting wikipedia , lookup
Ecosystem services wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Lake ecosystem wikipedia , lookup
History of wildlife tracking technology wikipedia , lookup
Renewable resource wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Being an Environmental Scientist Standard: 7.EC.5A.1 7.EC.5B.1 7.EC.5B.2 Section 1: Students will demonstrate an understanding of how organisms interact with and respond to the biotic and abiotic components of their environments. NEED TO KNOW – How an ecosystem is organized • The organization in the natural environment from most simple to most complex: •Species •Populations •Communities •Ecosystems •Biomes • Each level of an ecosystem is defined by the type and number of biotic (organisms) and/or the abiotic (nonliving) factors present 3 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Vocab to KNOW: Species • The individual living organism • Organisms of the same species can reproduce to make more of that species • Example – white tail deer 4 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Vocab to KNOW: Populations • All of the individuals of a given species in a specific area or region at a certain time • Members of a population compete for food, water, space and mates • Example – ALL of the white tail deer in South Carolina 5 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Vocab to KNOW Communities • All the different populations in a specific area or region at a certain time • Communities involve many types of interaction among the populations • Some of these interactions involve the obtaining and use of food, space, or other 61 environmental resources • Example – ALL of the living organisms (biotic factors) in the environment with the white tail deer, including pine trees, grass, squirrels, moss, mushrooms, and Carolina wrens 6 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Vocab to KNOW: Ecosystems • One or more communities in an area and the abiotic factors, including water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, and soil is an ecosystem • Example – ALL of the living organisms (biotic factors) in the environment with the white tail deer, including pine trees, grass, squirrels, moss, mushrooms, and Carolina wrens as well as all of the abiotic (non-living) factors such as rivers, soil, air, and rocks 7 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Vocab to KNOW: Biomes • Individual ecosystems grouped together according to the climate, the predominant vegetation, and characterized by adaptations of organisms to that particular environment • Example – the temperate deciduous forest that the white tail deer live in 8 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Levels of Organization Video 9 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Card Sort Activity In your groups: • Open your envelope • Put the vocab term, picture, and definition together • Think of 3 abiotic factors in this ecosystem • Name the biome your ecosystem exists in. 10 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Individual Assignment • Write/illustrate the levels of organization in your backyard •Species •Populations •Community •Ecosystems • If you do not finish in class, finish it for homework!!! 11 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Section 2: Develop and use models to explain how organisms interact in a competitive or mutually beneficial relationship for food, shelter, or space Interrelationships -> how two things interact • In any given ecosystem, organisms have interactions that are competitive (only one benefits) or mutually beneficial (both benefit) • Symbiosis is the interaction between different organisms in an environment that results in a greater number of species having access to resources (such as food, shelter, or space) 13 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Symbiosis • A symbiotic relationship exists between 2 different species that live together in direct contact • The balance of the ecosystem is adapted to the symbiotic relationship. If the population of one of the symbiotic organisms becomes unbalanced, the populations of both organisms will fluctuate 14 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Relationships in an ecosystem • Types of Symbiotic relationships: •Competition only one winner •Parasitism one benefits, one does not •Mutualism both benefit •Commensalism one benefits, the other is not affected • Other relationships: •Predator-prey relationships one hunts, the other dies 15 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Competition • Competition relationship that occurs when two or more organisms need the same resource at the same time. • Competition usually results in a decrease in the population of a species that is unable to compete for a particular resource. • Competition can be among the members of the same or different species and usually occurs with organisms that share the same niche. 16 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Niche • An ecological niche the role or job of an organism in its environment including the type of food it eats, how it obtains its food and how it interacts with other organisms. • Two species with identical ecological niches CANNOT coexist in the same habitat. ***When this occurs, what type of interaction do we have??? 17 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Competition Examples • Fish inside an aquarium competing for food and space • A hyena and a lion competing for territory • An eagle and hawk competing for prey • What examples can you think of??? 18 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Parasitism • Parasitism is when one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of the other organism (the host). In general, the parasite does not kill the host. • Examples: •Parasites living in the host tape worms, heartworms, or bacteria •Parasites feeding on host externally aphids, fleas, or mistletoe. 19 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Parasitism 20 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Parasite and its Host • The parasite-host populations that live have no devastating effects on each other. • Parasitism where host dies is devastating to both the parasite and the host populations. • Important host survives and thrives long enough for the parasite to reproduce and spread. 21 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Mutualism • Mutualism is when both organisms benefit. Because the two organisms work closely together, they help each other survive. • Examples: •bacteria that digest wood live within the digestive tracts of termites •plant roots provide food for fungi, the fungi break down nutrients the plant needs. 22 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Mutualism 23 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Commensalism • Commensalism is when one organism benefits and the other organism is not affected. • Examples: •barnacles that attach to whales are dispersed to different environments where they can obtain food and reproduce •burdock seeds that attach to organisms are carried to locations where they can germinate 24 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Commensalism 25 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Predator-Prey Relationships • Predation is an interaction between species in which one species (the predator) hunts, kills, and eats the other (prey). This interaction helps regulate the population within an ecosystem thereby causing it to become stable. 26 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Fluctuations in predator–prey populations are predictable • At some point the prey population grows so numerous that they are easy to find • As the prey population increases, the predator population increases. • As the predator population increases, the prey population decreases. 27 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Section 3: Develop and use models (food webs and energy pyramids) to exemplify how the transfer of energy in an ecosystem supports the concept that energy is conserved Energy Roles • All organisms have energy roles in their environment • Each role is determined by: •how the organism obtains its energy •how they interact with other organisms in the environment • The flow of energy can be represented by: •Food webs •Energy Pyramids 29 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Food Webs • A food web describes the organisms in a particular ecosystem found in interconnecting food chains using pictures or words and arrows • Food webs describe the complex patterns of energy flow in an ecosystem by modeling who consumes whom or what • The arrows point to where the energy is going (who is eating it) 30 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Energy Pyramids • An energy pyramid is a graphical representation of the energy flow in an ecosystem • The amount of energy that moves from one trophic level to another in an energy pyramid is not the same • Energy availability decreases as it moves up the energy pyramid. The most energy is available at the producer level of the pyramid 31 July 22, 2012 Footer text here 32 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Now its time to create your own… • Illustrate a food web and an energy pyramid from a different biome (desert, tropical rain forest, deciduous forest, savannah, ocean, pond, river, etc…) • Do NOT copy one from the notes • You may use the web to help • When you are finished, raise your hand and I will sign you off. • After sign off, put your lenovo and bell ringer up, pack up, and study your notes for the game!!! 33 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Quiz Friday – What to know… Be able to define and give examples of each: • Species • Competition • Population • Parasitism • Community • Mutualism • Ecosystem • Commensalism • Biome • Predator prey • Abiotic factors • Food webs • Biotic factors • Energy pyramid 34 July 22, 2012 Footer text here