Quiz1ch1.doc
... organisms that produce more offspring in certain environmental conditions b. changes in a species due to mutations c. adaptation of an organism to its environment d. all of the above e. the first and third answers above ...
... organisms that produce more offspring in certain environmental conditions b. changes in a species due to mutations c. adaptation of an organism to its environment d. all of the above e. the first and third answers above ...
Photoautotrophs and photoheterotrophs are organisms
... food source for heterotrophic organisms. All phototrophs either use electron transport chain or direct proton pumping to establish an electro-chemical gradient utilized byATP synthase to provide molecular ...
... food source for heterotrophic organisms. All phototrophs either use electron transport chain or direct proton pumping to establish an electro-chemical gradient utilized byATP synthase to provide molecular ...
HW_Ch1-Quiz.doc
... organisms that produce more offspring in certain environmental conditions b. changes in a species due to mutations c. adaptation of an organism to its environment d. all of the above e. the first and third answers above ...
... organisms that produce more offspring in certain environmental conditions b. changes in a species due to mutations c. adaptation of an organism to its environment d. all of the above e. the first and third answers above ...
File
... 3. The passage of electrons is accompanied by the formation of a protein gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane or the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, with the membrane(s) separating a region of high proton concentration from a region of low proton concentration. In prokaryotes, the pa ...
... 3. The passage of electrons is accompanied by the formation of a protein gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane or the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, with the membrane(s) separating a region of high proton concentration from a region of low proton concentration. In prokaryotes, the pa ...
L4_bacterial metabolism7e
... an organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor • Only pathway operating is glycolysis ...
... an organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor • Only pathway operating is glycolysis ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... electron acceptor is reduced and used as the source of nutrient for cell growth. Dissimilative metabolism: A large amount of the electron acceptor is reduced for energy and the reduced product is excreted into the environment. ...
... electron acceptor is reduced and used as the source of nutrient for cell growth. Dissimilative metabolism: A large amount of the electron acceptor is reduced for energy and the reduced product is excreted into the environment. ...
Prelecture Worksheet Chapter 27
... a. chemoheterotrophic bacteria b. cyanobacteria c. photoheterotrophs d. thermoacidophilic bacteria e. photoautotrophs 7. The Desulfovibrio bacterium breaks down organic matter (which it must have) and uses sulfate (not oxygen) as an electron acceptor. As a result, it produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ...
... a. chemoheterotrophic bacteria b. cyanobacteria c. photoheterotrophs d. thermoacidophilic bacteria e. photoautotrophs 7. The Desulfovibrio bacterium breaks down organic matter (which it must have) and uses sulfate (not oxygen) as an electron acceptor. As a result, it produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ...
Medical Microbiology Lecture 5 Third class/ Dentistry College The
... exogenous electron acceptors other than O2. As noted earlier, this energy-yielding ...
... exogenous electron acceptors other than O2. As noted earlier, this energy-yielding ...
Microbiology: What is it? Reasons to study Microbiology:
... Study of organisms who are too small to be seen without a microscope. Study of small organisms or microorganisms. NOT just Bacteria! Study of single celled organisms. The original cell biology! Categories & subjects based on the type of organisms: (1) Viruses – Virology (acellular) (2a) Bact ...
... Study of organisms who are too small to be seen without a microscope. Study of small organisms or microorganisms. NOT just Bacteria! Study of single celled organisms. The original cell biology! Categories & subjects based on the type of organisms: (1) Viruses – Virology (acellular) (2a) Bact ...
Microbial nutrition
... Transport of Nutrients into the Cell • Nutrients are obtained from the environment • Many of the nutrients are polar • Cannot diffuse across the cell membrane • Proteins embedded in the membrane • Transport against a concentration gradient active transport ...
... Transport of Nutrients into the Cell • Nutrients are obtained from the environment • Many of the nutrients are polar • Cannot diffuse across the cell membrane • Proteins embedded in the membrane • Transport against a concentration gradient active transport ...
Ch 9 Notes Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... it’s a series of reactions that remove electrons from the sugar (what’s left of them). We are now entering the mitochondria Goes in: Pyruvate (converted to Acetyl Co-A), NAD+, FAD. Comes out: CO2 , 6NADH, 2FADH2, 2ATP ...
... it’s a series of reactions that remove electrons from the sugar (what’s left of them). We are now entering the mitochondria Goes in: Pyruvate (converted to Acetyl Co-A), NAD+, FAD. Comes out: CO2 , 6NADH, 2FADH2, 2ATP ...
MICROBIAL GROUPS
... They are also of critical importance in the recovery process of natural environments degraded by human activities, such as in the self-purification of streams receiving sewage and runoff, and the natural attenuation of industrial contaminants leaked or spilled onto soil. On the other hand, microorga ...
... They are also of critical importance in the recovery process of natural environments degraded by human activities, such as in the self-purification of streams receiving sewage and runoff, and the natural attenuation of industrial contaminants leaked or spilled onto soil. On the other hand, microorga ...
Bacterial Metabolism and Biogeochemical Cycles
... Glycolysis • The initial stage of glucose metabolism is the same in both fermentation and respiration. • Glucose is partially oxidized to pyruvate and energy is conserved through substrate-level phosphorylation. ...
... Glycolysis • The initial stage of glucose metabolism is the same in both fermentation and respiration. • Glucose is partially oxidized to pyruvate and energy is conserved through substrate-level phosphorylation. ...
Slide 1
... In the presence of oxygen pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria where it enters the next major metabolic pathway for the production of ATP energy. The citric acid cycle. Aerobic. If there is no oxygen present then the pyruvate is converted to a substance called lactate. ...
... In the presence of oxygen pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria where it enters the next major metabolic pathway for the production of ATP energy. The citric acid cycle. Aerobic. If there is no oxygen present then the pyruvate is converted to a substance called lactate. ...
Bacterial Kingdoms - Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
... This group probably represents the first living cells. The methanogens are "methane-makers." They live in swamps, mud, sewage, and animal guts. They make ATP anaerobically (without the need for oxygen) by converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen to methane. ...
... This group probably represents the first living cells. The methanogens are "methane-makers." They live in swamps, mud, sewage, and animal guts. They make ATP anaerobically (without the need for oxygen) by converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen to methane. ...
Redox (Reduction / Oxidation) Reaction: It is a great way of
... Oxidation: Adding oxygen, taking off an electron, or taking off hydrogen to something. Oxidative phosphorylation - The process of taking something in a phosphate group and adding it onto another molecule Substrate level phosphorylation – The process of taking something in a phosphate group out of a ...
... Oxidation: Adding oxygen, taking off an electron, or taking off hydrogen to something. Oxidative phosphorylation - The process of taking something in a phosphate group and adding it onto another molecule Substrate level phosphorylation – The process of taking something in a phosphate group out of a ...
Microbial Metabolism - ASAB-NUST
... has a higher affinity for oxygen. • However, it is less efficient than the bo branch because the bd branch moves fewer protons into the periplasmic space ...
... has a higher affinity for oxygen. • However, it is less efficient than the bo branch because the bd branch moves fewer protons into the periplasmic space ...
Metabolic Diversity
... • Obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds • ATP synthesis is coupled to oxidation of electron donor • Possible electron donors: H2, sulfide, S0, ammonium, NO2-, Fe2+ ...
... • Obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds • ATP synthesis is coupled to oxidation of electron donor • Possible electron donors: H2, sulfide, S0, ammonium, NO2-, Fe2+ ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)