Biology 123 SI- Dr. Raut`s Class Session 11
... 1. Why is the amount of ATP formed so variable? (Several answers. List them all) Pyruvate actually requires active transport to get into the mitochondria which means it uses some ATP. NADH that is produced in glycolysis cannot cross the mitochondria’s membrane and must use a shuttle system and give ...
... 1. Why is the amount of ATP formed so variable? (Several answers. List them all) Pyruvate actually requires active transport to get into the mitochondria which means it uses some ATP. NADH that is produced in glycolysis cannot cross the mitochondria’s membrane and must use a shuttle system and give ...
Chapter 7 Study Guide
... Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are energy-rich because when catabolized they can yield a large number of electrons per molecule. Glycolysis is a pathway that degrades glucose to pyruvic acid without requiring oxygen. Pyruvic acid is processed in aerobic respiration via the Krebs cycle and its assoc ...
... Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are energy-rich because when catabolized they can yield a large number of electrons per molecule. Glycolysis is a pathway that degrades glucose to pyruvic acid without requiring oxygen. Pyruvic acid is processed in aerobic respiration via the Krebs cycle and its assoc ...
Name: #: Cellular Respiration Review 2 Process Where does it
... 6. Write the complete overall chemical equation for cellular respiration using chemical symbols instead of words: 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATP 7. Why do we say there is a ‘net’ gain of 2 ATP at the end of glycolysis? Glycolysis produces 4ATP but since it needs 2 ATP to start, the cell only in ...
... 6. Write the complete overall chemical equation for cellular respiration using chemical symbols instead of words: 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATP 7. Why do we say there is a ‘net’ gain of 2 ATP at the end of glycolysis? Glycolysis produces 4ATP but since it needs 2 ATP to start, the cell only in ...
Bacterial Physiology Lec-2
... carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Several other factors are needed in very small amounts and are parts of enzymes and cofactors. To obtain energy and construct new cellular components, organisms must have a supply of raw materials or nutrients. Nutrients are substances used in biosy ...
... carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Several other factors are needed in very small amounts and are parts of enzymes and cofactors. To obtain energy and construct new cellular components, organisms must have a supply of raw materials or nutrients. Nutrients are substances used in biosy ...
AP Biology Ch 9 Cell Respiration J. Dolce Study Questions Identify
... What happens to most of the energy released during cell respiration? Alcoholic fermentation is utilized by what organisms? Lactic acid fermentation is utilized by what organisms? Write the summary equation for cellular respiration: a. Where did the glucose come from? b. Where did the O2 come from? c ...
... What happens to most of the energy released during cell respiration? Alcoholic fermentation is utilized by what organisms? Lactic acid fermentation is utilized by what organisms? Write the summary equation for cellular respiration: a. Where did the glucose come from? b. Where did the O2 come from? c ...
Catabolism
... in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion in the bacterial plasma membrane Electron donors: NADH (3 ATPs) FADH2 (2 ATPs) Electron acceptor: Oxidative phosphorylation: process by which energy from electron transport is used to make ATP ...
... in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion in the bacterial plasma membrane Electron donors: NADH (3 ATPs) FADH2 (2 ATPs) Electron acceptor: Oxidative phosphorylation: process by which energy from electron transport is used to make ATP ...
L3 - Bacterial Metabolism v3
... Sulfa drugs can block PABA binding interfering with folic acid synthesis ...
... Sulfa drugs can block PABA binding interfering with folic acid synthesis ...
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
... Energy released is used to do work and some is lost as heat ATP is produced ...
... Energy released is used to do work and some is lost as heat ATP is produced ...
File
... • Producer – also called autotroph, plants and many singlecelled organisms that make their own food, often using energy from the sun • Consumer – many living things that consume other living things to get food • Decomposer – fungi and many bacteria that break down dead organisms or the wastes of ot ...
... • Producer – also called autotroph, plants and many singlecelled organisms that make their own food, often using energy from the sun • Consumer – many living things that consume other living things to get food • Decomposer – fungi and many bacteria that break down dead organisms or the wastes of ot ...
Anaerobic Digestion Basics and Microbiology
... Anaerobic digestion is carried out by facultative and anaerobic organisms Anaerobic organisms are organisms that don't use oxygen for their oxidation metabolisms Aerobic organisms use oxygen for oxidation metabolisms Facultative microorganisms have both anaerobic and aerobic metabolic pathways ...
... Anaerobic digestion is carried out by facultative and anaerobic organisms Anaerobic organisms are organisms that don't use oxygen for their oxidation metabolisms Aerobic organisms use oxygen for oxidation metabolisms Facultative microorganisms have both anaerobic and aerobic metabolic pathways ...
anaerobic respiration
... Hydrogen (H2) and reduced sulfur compounds such as H2S and S0 are excellent electron donors for chemolithotrophs. These compounds can be oxidized by the hydrogen bacteria or the sulfur bacteria, respectively, thereby generating a proton motive force and ATP synthesis. These chemolithotrophs are also ...
... Hydrogen (H2) and reduced sulfur compounds such as H2S and S0 are excellent electron donors for chemolithotrophs. These compounds can be oxidized by the hydrogen bacteria or the sulfur bacteria, respectively, thereby generating a proton motive force and ATP synthesis. These chemolithotrophs are also ...
PPT
... In each case organic molecules are oxidized. The terminal electron acceptor is reduced. The energy released is used to generate a proton gradient that is used for ATP synthesis. In aerobic respiration O2 is the electron acceptor. In anaerobic respiration another molecule is the electron acceptor. Ty ...
... In each case organic molecules are oxidized. The terminal electron acceptor is reduced. The energy released is used to generate a proton gradient that is used for ATP synthesis. In aerobic respiration O2 is the electron acceptor. In anaerobic respiration another molecule is the electron acceptor. Ty ...
Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms
... Produce energy by reducing hydrogen and using carbon dioxide as terminal electron acceptor(4H2 + CO2 CH4 + 2H2O) ...
... Produce energy by reducing hydrogen and using carbon dioxide as terminal electron acceptor(4H2 + CO2 CH4 + 2H2O) ...
Major Metabolic Pathway
... Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are the prime example of autotrophs, using photosynthesis. All other organisms must make use of food that comes from other organ ...
... Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are the prime example of autotrophs, using photosynthesis. All other organisms must make use of food that comes from other organ ...
The Proton Motive Force
... Phototrophy Anaerobic Respiration The use of electron acceptors other than oxygen Examples include nitrate (NO3), ferric iron (Fe3+), sulfate (SO42), carbonate (CO32), certain organic compounds Less energy released compared to aerobic respiration Dependent on electron transport, generation of a p ...
... Phototrophy Anaerobic Respiration The use of electron acceptors other than oxygen Examples include nitrate (NO3), ferric iron (Fe3+), sulfate (SO42), carbonate (CO32), certain organic compounds Less energy released compared to aerobic respiration Dependent on electron transport, generation of a p ...
Quizon ch5-6-7-8new.doc
... 1. Which of the following processes does a cell use to take up molecules against their concentration gradient? a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. endocytosis e. Both the c and d are correct. 2. Proteins which act as catalysts of chemical reactions [in cells] are call ...
... 1. Which of the following processes does a cell use to take up molecules against their concentration gradient? a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. endocytosis e. Both the c and d are correct. 2. Proteins which act as catalysts of chemical reactions [in cells] are call ...
Study guide exam 1
... 22. What are the groups of microorganisms? 23. What are viruses? Where are they classified? 24. What are fungi? 25. What is lysozyme? What does it do? 26. What are enzymes? What is a catalyst? 27. List three factors that affect enzyme activity. 28. What are competitive and non-competitive inhibitors ...
... 22. What are the groups of microorganisms? 23. What are viruses? Where are they classified? 24. What are fungi? 25. What is lysozyme? What does it do? 26. What are enzymes? What is a catalyst? 27. List three factors that affect enzyme activity. 28. What are competitive and non-competitive inhibitors ...
A1989T761300002
... an intriguing thermodynamic problem to be solved: C. kluyveri obtains energy for growth from a fermentation whose associated free-energy change is small relative to that required for the synthesis of 1 mol ATP. The mechanism of energy conservation, therefore, must be such as to allow fractional stoi ...
... an intriguing thermodynamic problem to be solved: C. kluyveri obtains energy for growth from a fermentation whose associated free-energy change is small relative to that required for the synthesis of 1 mol ATP. The mechanism of energy conservation, therefore, must be such as to allow fractional stoi ...
Origin of Life Reading Guide
... Origin of Life 1. What are the three most common shapes of prokaryotes – their formal and “common” name? 2. What is the cell wall made of and how does that relate to the concept that some bacteria are identified as Gram Positive and some Gram Negative? ...
... Origin of Life 1. What are the three most common shapes of prokaryotes – their formal and “common” name? 2. What is the cell wall made of and how does that relate to the concept that some bacteria are identified as Gram Positive and some Gram Negative? ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)