Oxygen pulls electrons from sugar
... Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway fueled by oxidizing organic compounds like sugar ...
... Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway fueled by oxidizing organic compounds like sugar ...
Cellular Respiration
... There are two ways that a cell can harvest energy from the food (glucose) it takes in: Anaerobic Cell Respiration (Fermentation) – glucose metabolism in the absence of oxygen that produces 2ATP molecules and either ethanol or lactic acid. Involves 2 stages: Glycolysis Fermentation Aerobic Cellular ...
... There are two ways that a cell can harvest energy from the food (glucose) it takes in: Anaerobic Cell Respiration (Fermentation) – glucose metabolism in the absence of oxygen that produces 2ATP molecules and either ethanol or lactic acid. Involves 2 stages: Glycolysis Fermentation Aerobic Cellular ...
Chapter 9 - Angelfire
... by electron transport chains because no external electron acceptor are available, however NADH must be oxidized back into NAD+ to maintain glycolysis or the reaction (glycolysis) will stop. 1. many microbes simply slow down/stop pyruvate dehydrogenase 2. pyruvate, or one of its intermediate, then ca ...
... by electron transport chains because no external electron acceptor are available, however NADH must be oxidized back into NAD+ to maintain glycolysis or the reaction (glycolysis) will stop. 1. many microbes simply slow down/stop pyruvate dehydrogenase 2. pyruvate, or one of its intermediate, then ca ...
Ch. 7 Study Guide
... □ I can explain how glucose is oxidized during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle to produce reducing power in NADH and FADH ...
... □ I can explain how glucose is oxidized during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle to produce reducing power in NADH and FADH ...
Oxidations – loss of electrons
... – Use of inorganic molecules (other than O2) as final electron acceptor – Many prokaryotes use sulfur, nitrate, carbon dioxide or even inorganic metals ...
... – Use of inorganic molecules (other than O2) as final electron acceptor – Many prokaryotes use sulfur, nitrate, carbon dioxide or even inorganic metals ...
Fermentation/ Citric Acid Cycle
... - Muscles are working hard (USING ATP) - You are breathing heavy (NOT GETTING ENOUGH OXYGEN) These are prefect conditions for FERMENTATION - After a hard workout, why are your muscles sore? o Answer: Lactic acid has built up in the CYTOSOL ...
... - Muscles are working hard (USING ATP) - You are breathing heavy (NOT GETTING ENOUGH OXYGEN) These are prefect conditions for FERMENTATION - After a hard workout, why are your muscles sore? o Answer: Lactic acid has built up in the CYTOSOL ...
outline File
... Energy yield can fluctuate. ***Your textbook provides a modified energy yield of 32 ATP due to alternate calculations of ATP generated from electron carriers. We will discuss these alternate calculations in class*** 7.7 Regulation of Aerobic Respiration feedback inhibition 7.8 Oxidation Without Oxyg ...
... Energy yield can fluctuate. ***Your textbook provides a modified energy yield of 32 ATP due to alternate calculations of ATP generated from electron carriers. We will discuss these alternate calculations in class*** 7.7 Regulation of Aerobic Respiration feedback inhibition 7.8 Oxidation Without Oxyg ...
Glycolysis in the Cytoplasm
... 1. Glycolysis I - Energy Investment Phase ATP is used to split the 6-carbon molecule into two 3-carbon molecules 2. Glycolysis II - Energy Payoff Phase 2 ATP are produced and 2 molecules of the electron carrier NADH + H+ along with 2 molecules of pyruvate Pyruvate is an important branch point in met ...
... 1. Glycolysis I - Energy Investment Phase ATP is used to split the 6-carbon molecule into two 3-carbon molecules 2. Glycolysis II - Energy Payoff Phase 2 ATP are produced and 2 molecules of the electron carrier NADH + H+ along with 2 molecules of pyruvate Pyruvate is an important branch point in met ...
APES-Cycles-of
... molecules like sugars and enzymes Water is a renewable resource that we access through a water shed Water shed = area of land that catches rain and snow and drains or seeps into a marsh, stream, river, lake or groundwater ...
... molecules like sugars and enzymes Water is a renewable resource that we access through a water shed Water shed = area of land that catches rain and snow and drains or seeps into a marsh, stream, river, lake or groundwater ...
Document
... ending with oxygen accepting electrons to water. Energy release is first used to pump protons (H+) across the membrane; a proton motive force (PMF) then drives ATP synthesis. Each NADH will make 3 ATP. Each FADH will make 2 ATP ...
... ending with oxygen accepting electrons to water. Energy release is first used to pump protons (H+) across the membrane; a proton motive force (PMF) then drives ATP synthesis. Each NADH will make 3 ATP. Each FADH will make 2 ATP ...
T/F 1. Pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, is processed
... 2. In lactic acid fermentation pyruvate is reduced to pyruvic acid. 3. In ethanol fermentation, pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde which is reduced to ethanol 4. During fermentation NAD+ is educed to NADH, allowing glycolysis to proceed 5. Glycolysis is an ancient biochemical pathway that was lik ...
... 2. In lactic acid fermentation pyruvate is reduced to pyruvic acid. 3. In ethanol fermentation, pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde which is reduced to ethanol 4. During fermentation NAD+ is educed to NADH, allowing glycolysis to proceed 5. Glycolysis is an ancient biochemical pathway that was lik ...
File
... glucose is split into 2 molecules of pyruvate, also called pyruvic acid. This process produces a net gain of ______ ATP molecules. The resulting molecules of pyruvate each have 3 carbon atoms. Glycolysis takes place in the cell's _____________. The remainder of cellular respiration takes place in or ...
... glucose is split into 2 molecules of pyruvate, also called pyruvic acid. This process produces a net gain of ______ ATP molecules. The resulting molecules of pyruvate each have 3 carbon atoms. Glycolysis takes place in the cell's _____________. The remainder of cellular respiration takes place in or ...
AP Biology: Chapter 9
... 23. Write the summary equation for cellular respiration: a. Where did the glucose come from? b. Where did the O2 come from? c. Where did the CO2 come from? d. Where did the H2O come from? e. Where did the ATP come from? f. What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? ...
... 23. Write the summary equation for cellular respiration: a. Where did the glucose come from? b. Where did the O2 come from? c. Where did the CO2 come from? d. Where did the H2O come from? e. Where did the ATP come from? f. What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? ...
Physiology of Bacteria
... • “an interactive relationship between two organisms in which one is harmed and the ...
... • “an interactive relationship between two organisms in which one is harmed and the ...
Anatomy of Bacteria
... • “an interactive relationship between two organisms in which one is harmed and the ...
... • “an interactive relationship between two organisms in which one is harmed and the ...
Key Idea 1: Living things are both similar to and different from each
... Key Idea 6: Plants and animals depend on each other and their physical environment. 1.) In 1 direction 2.) Sun 3.) Photosynthesis 4.) Autotrophs Herbivores Carnivores Decomposers 5.) Atoms & molecules 6.) Energy 7.) Energy pyramid 8.) Chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, & oxygen 9.) ...
... Key Idea 6: Plants and animals depend on each other and their physical environment. 1.) In 1 direction 2.) Sun 3.) Photosynthesis 4.) Autotrophs Herbivores Carnivores Decomposers 5.) Atoms & molecules 6.) Energy 7.) Energy pyramid 8.) Chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, & oxygen 9.) ...
What agents? What war?
... oxidized via the citric acid cycle to CO2 and H2O [NADH acts as a high energy compound] 2. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate must be converted to a reduced end product in order to reoxidize the NADH produced by the GAPDH reaction • alcoholic fermentation: in yeast, pyruvate is converted to ethano ...
... oxidized via the citric acid cycle to CO2 and H2O [NADH acts as a high energy compound] 2. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate must be converted to a reduced end product in order to reoxidize the NADH produced by the GAPDH reaction • alcoholic fermentation: in yeast, pyruvate is converted to ethano ...
221_exam_2_2003
... In the first section of this class we discussed stromatolites which are fossilized microbial mat communities. The microbial mats consisted of layers of different prokaryotic phototrophs. Based on what you have learned about the properties of the different kinds of phototrophs in this section of the ...
... In the first section of this class we discussed stromatolites which are fossilized microbial mat communities. The microbial mats consisted of layers of different prokaryotic phototrophs. Based on what you have learned about the properties of the different kinds of phototrophs in this section of the ...
Microbial Metabolism
... 3. List some characteristics of enzymes. 4. How does each of the following affect enzyme activity: a) temperature, b) pH? 5. Describe the effect of a competitive inhibitor on enzyme activity. 6. Describe feedback inhibition and the terms effector and allosterism. 7. Distinguish between aerobic respi ...
... 3. List some characteristics of enzymes. 4. How does each of the following affect enzyme activity: a) temperature, b) pH? 5. Describe the effect of a competitive inhibitor on enzyme activity. 6. Describe feedback inhibition and the terms effector and allosterism. 7. Distinguish between aerobic respi ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)