Cycles of Matter
... • Unlike one-way flow of energy, matter is recycled within and between ecosystems • Biogeochemical cycles – Connect biological, geological, and chemical parts of the biosphere ...
... • Unlike one-way flow of energy, matter is recycled within and between ecosystems • Biogeochemical cycles – Connect biological, geological, and chemical parts of the biosphere ...
Prescott`s Microbiology, 9th Edition Chapter 22 –The Proteobacteria
... Figure 22.27 How does the ribulose monophosphate pathway compare to the serine pathway (figure 22.14) in terms of energy and reducing power used? What might be the ecological consequence of this difference? The ribulose monophosphate pathway consumes one ATP to generate the 3C molecule G3P. The seri ...
... Figure 22.27 How does the ribulose monophosphate pathway compare to the serine pathway (figure 22.14) in terms of energy and reducing power used? What might be the ecological consequence of this difference? The ribulose monophosphate pathway consumes one ATP to generate the 3C molecule G3P. The seri ...
Ecosystems Vocabulary
... States that organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive & pass their traits to their offspring ...
... States that organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive & pass their traits to their offspring ...
Ch 2 Principles of Ecology
... _____________ (-) orbit the nucleus. D. Organisms in Ecosystems 1. ____________________ – the ____________________ where an organism lives out its life. Ex: an earthworm feeds on organic material from the soil it moves through 2. ____________________ – the ____________________ and position a species ...
... _____________ (-) orbit the nucleus. D. Organisms in Ecosystems 1. ____________________ – the ____________________ where an organism lives out its life. Ex: an earthworm feeds on organic material from the soil it moves through 2. ____________________ – the ____________________ and position a species ...
chapter 10 study questions
... the higher the pH, the more the food will resist oxidation, and the lower the pH, the more the food resists reduction. 3. There are 12 genera of lactic acid bacteria, including Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and Streptococcus. These organisms produce lactic acid from the ferme ...
... the higher the pH, the more the food will resist oxidation, and the lower the pH, the more the food resists reduction. 3. There are 12 genera of lactic acid bacteria, including Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and Streptococcus. These organisms produce lactic acid from the ferme ...
Fermentation and Cellular Respiration 1. Define: Glycolysis
... glucose. During glycolysis, each glucose molecule is split into two pyruvic acid molecules with the associated production of two molecules of ATP and the reduction of two molecules of NAD to form NADH + H+ (also known as the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway). Fermentation – Fermentation is the anaerob ...
... glucose. During glycolysis, each glucose molecule is split into two pyruvic acid molecules with the associated production of two molecules of ATP and the reduction of two molecules of NAD to form NADH + H+ (also known as the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway). Fermentation – Fermentation is the anaerob ...
Lecture_1_Introduction
... CO2, NO3, SO4,Mn+4, Fe+3, Fumarate, humic acids 6. Extensive capacity for Anaerobic growth 7. Use H2S, H2 or organic compounds as electron donors for photosynthesis 8. Growth at high temperatures/salt/pressure ...
... CO2, NO3, SO4,Mn+4, Fe+3, Fumarate, humic acids 6. Extensive capacity for Anaerobic growth 7. Use H2S, H2 or organic compounds as electron donors for photosynthesis 8. Growth at high temperatures/salt/pressure ...
Light Independent
... What if there is no oxygen? ★ Fermentation (or Anaerobic Respiration) occurs when oxygen is NOT present ★ Occurs AFTER glycolysis ★ Skips Kreb’s and ETC ★ Occurs in anaerobic bacteria, yeast, and muscle cells ★ 2 types: ○ Alcoholic (pyruvate to ethanol) ○ Lactic Acid (pyruvate to lactic acid) ...
... What if there is no oxygen? ★ Fermentation (or Anaerobic Respiration) occurs when oxygen is NOT present ★ Occurs AFTER glycolysis ★ Skips Kreb’s and ETC ★ Occurs in anaerobic bacteria, yeast, and muscle cells ★ 2 types: ○ Alcoholic (pyruvate to ethanol) ○ Lactic Acid (pyruvate to lactic acid) ...
Bacterial Physiology Lec-8 Catabolism: Tricarboxylic acid cycle
... However ,this is not effective way of making ATP, because the large amount of nitrate is required for growth a nitrate molecule will accept only two electrons, the nitrite formed is also toxic ,therefore nitrate is further reduced to nitrogen gas this process known as de-nitrification : NO3 NO2 NO N ...
... However ,this is not effective way of making ATP, because the large amount of nitrate is required for growth a nitrate molecule will accept only two electrons, the nitrite formed is also toxic ,therefore nitrate is further reduced to nitrogen gas this process known as de-nitrification : NO3 NO2 NO N ...
Chapter 8 study guide
... Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? What is the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration? What pathway do electrons follow inside an active mitochondrion? Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of water come from during oxidative phosphorylation? In chemiosmotic ph ...
... Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? What is the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration? What pathway do electrons follow inside an active mitochondrion? Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of water come from during oxidative phosphorylation? In chemiosmotic ph ...
CSM 101 Fall 2010 Timeline
... this reaction is used to create a proton gradient across a membrane; there become a positive charge in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. This chemical potential energy is changed COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES Corinne I Core Supplemental Instruction Facilitator | Biology I ...
... this reaction is used to create a proton gradient across a membrane; there become a positive charge in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. This chemical potential energy is changed COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES Corinne I Core Supplemental Instruction Facilitator | Biology I ...
Cellular Respiration REVIEW SHEET
... 7. Write equations to show how lactic acid fermentation compares with alcoholic fermentation. Which reactant(s) do they have in common? 8. How are fermentation and cellular respiration similar? What is the main difference between their starting compounds? 9. Summarize what happens during the Krebs c ...
... 7. Write equations to show how lactic acid fermentation compares with alcoholic fermentation. Which reactant(s) do they have in common? 8. How are fermentation and cellular respiration similar? What is the main difference between their starting compounds? 9. Summarize what happens during the Krebs c ...
An Experimental Study into the Clogging of Leachate Collection
... Iron Reduction • AMD solutions are iron rich because ferric and ferrous iron are very soluble at low pH ( pH < 2.5) • In some cases, Fe3+ may exceed O2 concentrations by several orders of magnitude ...
... Iron Reduction • AMD solutions are iron rich because ferric and ferrous iron are very soluble at low pH ( pH < 2.5) • In some cases, Fe3+ may exceed O2 concentrations by several orders of magnitude ...
Name: Period: Helpful Words: Oxygen, Cocci, Bacilli, Bacteria
... are cork screws, called spirilla. They can link together in chains and clusters. Some are aerobic which means they need ___________________, while others are anaerobic meaning, they don’t need it to carry on life processes. Monerans are very important to man’s well being. They help us digest our foo ...
... are cork screws, called spirilla. They can link together in chains and clusters. Some are aerobic which means they need ___________________, while others are anaerobic meaning, they don’t need it to carry on life processes. Monerans are very important to man’s well being. They help us digest our foo ...
Reading Guide for Week 4
... 11. What is the difference between aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation? How do they differ in the amount of energy (ATP) produced? What is the final electron acceptor in each pathway? 12. What are the uses of the proton motive force in prokaryotes? 13. What is the final end ...
... 11. What is the difference between aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation? How do they differ in the amount of energy (ATP) produced? What is the final electron acceptor in each pathway? 12. What are the uses of the proton motive force in prokaryotes? 13. What is the final end ...
Cellular Respiration
... it as glucose. That glucose must be transformed into energy the cell can use, specifically ATP. This takes place in the mitochondria of cells. ...
... it as glucose. That glucose must be transformed into energy the cell can use, specifically ATP. This takes place in the mitochondria of cells. ...
The Nitrogen Cycle and Nitrogen Fixation
... which green plants, algae and many microorganisms acquire nitrogen. The pathway accounts for over 99% of the inorganic nitrogen (nitrate or N2) assimilated into organisms. ...
... which green plants, algae and many microorganisms acquire nitrogen. The pathway accounts for over 99% of the inorganic nitrogen (nitrate or N2) assimilated into organisms. ...
Slide 1
... The kingdom protista contains many types of organisms that evolved from bacteria. Many are single celled and aome are simple multicellular. Plantlike protists are called algae. Protista evolved into plants animals and fungi. ...
... The kingdom protista contains many types of organisms that evolved from bacteria. Many are single celled and aome are simple multicellular. Plantlike protists are called algae. Protista evolved into plants animals and fungi. ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration
... Electron Transport Chain • Enzymes ____________________ for the electron transport chain are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Several complexes are called __________________. • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain, ______________________________________ ...
... Electron Transport Chain • Enzymes ____________________ for the electron transport chain are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Several complexes are called __________________. • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain, ______________________________________ ...
Monera notes
... Bacteria which breaks down or _____________ decomposes living or dead things for energy _______. Recycle nutrients back into the world. _________ ...
... Bacteria which breaks down or _____________ decomposes living or dead things for energy _______. Recycle nutrients back into the world. _________ ...
Notes #2
... Consumers eat producers, they obtain carbon Consumers break down food, releasing carbon as CO2 Photosynthetic organisms also release CO2 during cellular respiration Our effect on the cycle We burn fossil fuels (remains filled with carbon) Carbon gets released into the atmosphere ...
... Consumers eat producers, they obtain carbon Consumers break down food, releasing carbon as CO2 Photosynthetic organisms also release CO2 during cellular respiration Our effect on the cycle We burn fossil fuels (remains filled with carbon) Carbon gets released into the atmosphere ...
Chapter 7 Review Name: Date: Question Answer Process that
... If oxygen is not present, pyruvate and NADH enter this metabolic Alcoholic fermentation pathway; produces carbon dioxide and ethanol; used by yeast and some plant cells ...
... If oxygen is not present, pyruvate and NADH enter this metabolic Alcoholic fermentation pathway; produces carbon dioxide and ethanol; used by yeast and some plant cells ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)