Aerobic Metabolism ii: electron transport chain
... As electrons pass through the ETC, protons ae transported from the matrix and released into the inter membrane space As a result, an electrical potential and proton gradient (pH) arise across the inner membrane and this elecrochemical proton gradient is often referred as protonmotive force ...
... As electrons pass through the ETC, protons ae transported from the matrix and released into the inter membrane space As a result, an electrical potential and proton gradient (pH) arise across the inner membrane and this elecrochemical proton gradient is often referred as protonmotive force ...
Aerobic Metabolism ii: electron transport chain
... As electrons pass through the ETC, protons ae transported from the matrix and released into the inter membrane space As a result, an electrical potential and proton gradient (pH) arise across the inner membrane and this elecrochemical proton gradient is often referred as protonmotive force ...
... As electrons pass through the ETC, protons ae transported from the matrix and released into the inter membrane space As a result, an electrical potential and proton gradient (pH) arise across the inner membrane and this elecrochemical proton gradient is often referred as protonmotive force ...
Ecology
... • Chemosynthesis occurs when organisms use chemicals instead of sun light to make food. (Example = Archaebacteria) ...
... • Chemosynthesis occurs when organisms use chemicals instead of sun light to make food. (Example = Archaebacteria) ...
Aquatic Biomes
... chance that at least some living things will survive in the face of large changes in the environment. ...
... chance that at least some living things will survive in the face of large changes in the environment. ...
notes powerpoint
... If oxygen is present ( aerobic) the second stage is the Krebs cycle. If oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by Fermentation. ...
... If oxygen is present ( aerobic) the second stage is the Krebs cycle. If oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by Fermentation. ...
Unit 7
... Anaerobic Pathways • Anaerobic pathways operate when there is no oxygen present. Pyruvate from glycolysis is metabolized to produce molecules other than acetyl CoA. • Fermentation pathways -Fermentation yields enough energy for many single-celled anaerobic organisms and is sufficient for some aerob ...
... Anaerobic Pathways • Anaerobic pathways operate when there is no oxygen present. Pyruvate from glycolysis is metabolized to produce molecules other than acetyl CoA. • Fermentation pathways -Fermentation yields enough energy for many single-celled anaerobic organisms and is sufficient for some aerob ...
MONERA
... Examples of Cyanobacteria or "blue-green algae" G. Anabaena, a filamentous blue-green algal. Note the heterocysts, specialized nitrogen-fixing cells. H. Oscillatoria, a filamentous and mobile blue-green algal. I. Gleocapsa, a colonial blue-green algal. ...
... Examples of Cyanobacteria or "blue-green algae" G. Anabaena, a filamentous blue-green algal. Note the heterocysts, specialized nitrogen-fixing cells. H. Oscillatoria, a filamentous and mobile blue-green algal. I. Gleocapsa, a colonial blue-green algal. ...
Unit 5
... nitrogenous materials to the soil. Via nitrogen fixation certain prokaryotes convert N2 into minerals that can be used to the synthesize nitrogenous organic compounds such as amino acids. 8. Explain how phosphorus is recycled locally in most ecosystems. a. Plants absorb and use phosphate for organic ...
... nitrogenous materials to the soil. Via nitrogen fixation certain prokaryotes convert N2 into minerals that can be used to the synthesize nitrogenous organic compounds such as amino acids. 8. Explain how phosphorus is recycled locally in most ecosystems. a. Plants absorb and use phosphate for organic ...
BioH_Cellular Respiration
... Upon entering the mitochondria, the pyruvates formed during glycolysis are modified to make them more reactive to participate in the Krebs Cycle. The modifications include: a) Carbon atoms are removed from the 2 pyruvic acid molecules & given off as 2CO 2. b) The remaining 2-carbon fragment is oxidi ...
... Upon entering the mitochondria, the pyruvates formed during glycolysis are modified to make them more reactive to participate in the Krebs Cycle. The modifications include: a) Carbon atoms are removed from the 2 pyruvic acid molecules & given off as 2CO 2. b) The remaining 2-carbon fragment is oxidi ...
Pyruvic acid is
... • One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively. ...
... • One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively. ...
1.1 - Understanding Our Environment
... Make a list of all of the things you need for survival. Rank them in order of importance. Write a paragraph about why you ranked them in the order that you did – Write in complete sentences. At least 5 lines. ...
... Make a list of all of the things you need for survival. Rank them in order of importance. Write a paragraph about why you ranked them in the order that you did – Write in complete sentences. At least 5 lines. ...
File - Principles of Biology 103
... 1. How do cells harness the energy stored in sugars: A. Oxygen released from sugars directly drive life-sustaining reactions B. Sugar molecules are joined with ATP molecules C. The oxygen backbones of sugars are broken down to make ATP D. The carbon backbones of sugars are broken down to make ATP E. ...
... 1. How do cells harness the energy stored in sugars: A. Oxygen released from sugars directly drive life-sustaining reactions B. Sugar molecules are joined with ATP molecules C. The oxygen backbones of sugars are broken down to make ATP D. The carbon backbones of sugars are broken down to make ATP E. ...
Nutrition and metabolism
... Preparing for the Krebs cycle 1. What happens to the 3-C pyruvate? 2. If oxygen is not available (anaerobic) ...
... Preparing for the Krebs cycle 1. What happens to the 3-C pyruvate? 2. If oxygen is not available (anaerobic) ...
Metabolic Processes Unit
... Reduce Co-enzymes (What is the role of NADH?) 4 Steps of Cellular Respiration o Glycolysis (How does glycolysis differ from the other 3 steps?) o Pyruvate oxidation (What 3 changes occur during this stage?) o Kreb’s Cycle (Where is the CO2 generated in cellular respiration?) o Electron Transport Cha ...
... Reduce Co-enzymes (What is the role of NADH?) 4 Steps of Cellular Respiration o Glycolysis (How does glycolysis differ from the other 3 steps?) o Pyruvate oxidation (What 3 changes occur during this stage?) o Kreb’s Cycle (Where is the CO2 generated in cellular respiration?) o Electron Transport Cha ...
Interactions Within Communities
... • Plants use the sun and _____________ to break down this energy and use it for ________________ to survive. • People and ______________ use the sun and food to break down this energy, through a __________ process, and use it for fuel to survive. Producers • _____________ that use an outside energy ...
... • Plants use the sun and _____________ to break down this energy and use it for ________________ to survive. • People and ______________ use the sun and food to break down this energy, through a __________ process, and use it for fuel to survive. Producers • _____________ that use an outside energy ...
1st Term Review
... 14. Based on the gold foil experiment, what did Rutherford conclude about the atom? 15. An atom of chromium-60 contains how many protons, neutron and electrons? 16. What is the difference between a compound and an element? 17. What is the electron configuration of a neutral calcium atom? 18. Atomic ...
... 14. Based on the gold foil experiment, what did Rutherford conclude about the atom? 15. An atom of chromium-60 contains how many protons, neutron and electrons? 16. What is the difference between a compound and an element? 17. What is the electron configuration of a neutral calcium atom? 18. Atomic ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS HOW PLANTS MAKE THEIR
... • STEP 1. LIGHT AND CO2 ARE ABSORBED BY THE LEAVES • STEP 2. THE LIGHT SPLITS THE WATER. O2 IS RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. • STEP 3. H+ IS ENERGIZED AND WANTS TO GET INTO THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. • ADP is in the thylakoid and becomes ATP • ATP is made in the Electron Transport Carrier ...
... • STEP 1. LIGHT AND CO2 ARE ABSORBED BY THE LEAVES • STEP 2. THE LIGHT SPLITS THE WATER. O2 IS RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. • STEP 3. H+ IS ENERGIZED AND WANTS TO GET INTO THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. • ADP is in the thylakoid and becomes ATP • ATP is made in the Electron Transport Carrier ...
ecological organization
... Fish needing high oxygen levels do not hang out in very warm water. Oxygen evaporates at higher temperatures. ...
... Fish needing high oxygen levels do not hang out in very warm water. Oxygen evaporates at higher temperatures. ...
Organism
... The process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce The behaviors and physical characteristics that allow organisms to live successfully in their environments. The role an organism plays in its habitat ...
... The process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce The behaviors and physical characteristics that allow organisms to live successfully in their environments. The role an organism plays in its habitat ...
ecology notes 1
... through photosynthesis. They use this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. ...
... through photosynthesis. They use this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. ...
(Gram +ve) bacteria
... Gram –ve bacteria: Have small amount or no peptidoglycan (no staining) (pathogenic )ممرضة. ...
... Gram –ve bacteria: Have small amount or no peptidoglycan (no staining) (pathogenic )ممرضة. ...
NATURE`S BIOLOGICAL BUILDING BLOCKS
... Composition: mostly carbon and hydrogen with some oxygen Includes fatty, greasy and waxy compounds relatively insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as ether and benzene. Neutral Fats - high energy molecules consisting of glycerol and fatty acids. Phospholipids - neutral fat with o ...
... Composition: mostly carbon and hydrogen with some oxygen Includes fatty, greasy and waxy compounds relatively insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as ether and benzene. Neutral Fats - high energy molecules consisting of glycerol and fatty acids. Phospholipids - neutral fat with o ...
Microsoft Word - Cycles worksheet
... 1. Phosphorus in NOT found in the free state in Nature, but is contained mostly in _______ and ______________. ...
... 1. Phosphorus in NOT found in the free state in Nature, but is contained mostly in _______ and ______________. ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)