UNIT 3 – CELLULAR ENERGETICS Chapter 9
... Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is ...
... Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is ...
Take Home Part 1 - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... D) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. E) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... D) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. E) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Chapter Summary 4 - Ecology
... Eventually all producers and consumers die and decay. Detritivores are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from detritus by external digestion. Saprotrophs are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from dead organisms by internal digestion. ...
... Eventually all producers and consumers die and decay. Detritivores are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from detritus by external digestion. Saprotrophs are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from dead organisms by internal digestion. ...
Basic Ecological Concepts - Jocha
... Omnivores organisms like humans do not fit in a linear representation of a food chain eat both animals and plants ...
... Omnivores organisms like humans do not fit in a linear representation of a food chain eat both animals and plants ...
IBBIO Jeopardy Review 01 wiki
... statistically significant difference between two sets of data AND How you know if there is a statistically ...
... statistically significant difference between two sets of data AND How you know if there is a statistically ...
Biology First Semester Study Questions
... 11. DNA, RNA 12. DNA= heredity codes; RNA= protein synthesis 13. both 14. animal structures, enzymes, stores nutrients, defend against disease 15. both 16. speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy 17. Denaturation means an enzyme changes shape, making it useless. Two causes are heat ...
... 11. DNA, RNA 12. DNA= heredity codes; RNA= protein synthesis 13. both 14. animal structures, enzymes, stores nutrients, defend against disease 15. both 16. speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy 17. Denaturation means an enzyme changes shape, making it useless. Two causes are heat ...
Water Column Chemistry: Features of water
... Within flocs or intestines of marine animals Sulfide reacts chemically as a reducing agent (e.g. with O2 or Fe3+) ...
... Within flocs or intestines of marine animals Sulfide reacts chemically as a reducing agent (e.g. with O2 or Fe3+) ...
Notes
... The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen makes up 78% of the atmosphere but plants are unable to make use of this nitrogen gas and need a supply of ammonium or nitrate. The nitrogen cycle, a gaseous cycle, is dependent upon a number of bacteria. During nitrogen fixation, nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in nodul ...
... The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen makes up 78% of the atmosphere but plants are unable to make use of this nitrogen gas and need a supply of ammonium or nitrate. The nitrogen cycle, a gaseous cycle, is dependent upon a number of bacteria. During nitrogen fixation, nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in nodul ...
Fundamentals of Chemistry
... – Example: digestion of proteins or polysaccharides (enzymes involved) ...
... – Example: digestion of proteins or polysaccharides (enzymes involved) ...
Photosynthetic Reactions
... These photons consist primarily of visible light (photons with an energy of a wavelength between ca. 380 nm and 750 nm.) The photons interact with organic molecules that reside in the membrane of the thylakoids residing in chloroplasts, usually chlorophyll. Chlorophyll contains a series of carbon ri ...
... These photons consist primarily of visible light (photons with an energy of a wavelength between ca. 380 nm and 750 nm.) The photons interact with organic molecules that reside in the membrane of the thylakoids residing in chloroplasts, usually chlorophyll. Chlorophyll contains a series of carbon ri ...
ASM 2008
... discovery of nitrogen fixing bacteria associated with these corals directly contradicts this view. The goal of this research project was to determine if nitrogen-fixing bacteria are associated with Hawaiian corals and if found, to investigate the ecology of these bacteria. Fragments of the coral Mon ...
... discovery of nitrogen fixing bacteria associated with these corals directly contradicts this view. The goal of this research project was to determine if nitrogen-fixing bacteria are associated with Hawaiian corals and if found, to investigate the ecology of these bacteria. Fragments of the coral Mon ...
Introductory Microbiology Chap. 5 Chapter Outlines/Notes I
... What takes the place of oxygen? The amount of energy generated varies depending on the electron acceptor (2-36 ATPs). EXAMPLES: a. Sulfate. In marine sediments this leads to large amounts of sulfate reduction - Sulfate SO42- is converted (reduced) to hydrogen sulfide H2S - which some may be familiar ...
... What takes the place of oxygen? The amount of energy generated varies depending on the electron acceptor (2-36 ATPs). EXAMPLES: a. Sulfate. In marine sediments this leads to large amounts of sulfate reduction - Sulfate SO42- is converted (reduced) to hydrogen sulfide H2S - which some may be familiar ...
Cellular Respiration
... Breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules Evolutionary speaking, glycolysis occurs in all organisms, meaning it probably evolved before the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain ...
... Breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules Evolutionary speaking, glycolysis occurs in all organisms, meaning it probably evolved before the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain ...
Cellular Respiration
... (anaerobic respiration) For example, muscle cells can produce ATP under anaerobic conditions Called Fermentation Involves The anaerobic harvest of food energy ...
... (anaerobic respiration) For example, muscle cells can produce ATP under anaerobic conditions Called Fermentation Involves The anaerobic harvest of food energy ...
Introductory Microbiology Chap. 5 Outlines Microbial Metabolism I
... or electrical energy because they don't have thermal or electrical converters. Thermal potential (that is, temperature) affects the rate of chemical reactions, but does not provide any energy. What about the electrical signals of nervous impulses? The cells use energy in the form of ATP to generate ...
... or electrical energy because they don't have thermal or electrical converters. Thermal potential (that is, temperature) affects the rate of chemical reactions, but does not provide any energy. What about the electrical signals of nervous impulses? The cells use energy in the form of ATP to generate ...
Chapter 6 Power Point
... from the inside to the outside This movement powers the formation of ATP On average, the movement of a pair of electrons down the ETC produces enough energy to form 3 ATP from ADP More H+ ions outside This imbalance supplies the energy to make ATP from ADP ...
... from the inside to the outside This movement powers the formation of ATP On average, the movement of a pair of electrons down the ETC produces enough energy to form 3 ATP from ADP More H+ ions outside This imbalance supplies the energy to make ATP from ADP ...
Keigo Tanaka Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration: Harvesting
... 6. Two hydrogens are transferred to FAD, forming FADH2 and oxidizing succinate to fumarate 7. The addition of a water molecule rearranges bonds in the substrate forming malate 8. The substrate is oxidized, reducing NAD+ to NADH and regenerating oxaloacetate so it can be used in the cycle again ...
... 6. Two hydrogens are transferred to FAD, forming FADH2 and oxidizing succinate to fumarate 7. The addition of a water molecule rearranges bonds in the substrate forming malate 8. The substrate is oxidized, reducing NAD+ to NADH and regenerating oxaloacetate so it can be used in the cycle again ...
Ecology
... A. Approximately 78% of the air is composed of diatomic nitrogen. B. Nitrogen is essential to life because it is a key component of amino acids and nucleic acids. Even ATP, the basic energy currency of living things, contains nitrogen. C. Neither plants nor animals can obtain nitrogen directly from ...
... A. Approximately 78% of the air is composed of diatomic nitrogen. B. Nitrogen is essential to life because it is a key component of amino acids and nucleic acids. Even ATP, the basic energy currency of living things, contains nitrogen. C. Neither plants nor animals can obtain nitrogen directly from ...
Cellular respiration includes three pathways
... 40. In_________________________________________, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps. 41. Does fermentation result in the production of CO2? 42. In_______________________________________ fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2. 4 ...
... 40. In_________________________________________, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps. 41. Does fermentation result in the production of CO2? 42. In_______________________________________ fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2. 4 ...
Biology 20 Lecture Quiz #3 – Take Home Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration – DUE 23 June 2010 at 7:50 AM – I do not want any late quizzes! 1. The main function of cellular respiration is _____. a) breaking down toxic molecules; b) making ATP to power cell activities; c) making food; d) producing cell structures from chemical building blocks; e) breakin ...
... Cellular Respiration – DUE 23 June 2010 at 7:50 AM – I do not want any late quizzes! 1. The main function of cellular respiration is _____. a) breaking down toxic molecules; b) making ATP to power cell activities; c) making food; d) producing cell structures from chemical building blocks; e) breakin ...
Chapter 9 Notes
... – in alcoholic fermentation in yeast and bacteria results in ethanol; product is toxic – in lactic acid fermentation in many animals and bacteria results in lactic acid; causes muscle fatigue ...
... – in alcoholic fermentation in yeast and bacteria results in ethanol; product is toxic – in lactic acid fermentation in many animals and bacteria results in lactic acid; causes muscle fatigue ...
Organic compounds are covalent compounds composed of carbon
... composed of carbonbased molecules. More than 90% of all compounds belong to this group. ...
... composed of carbonbased molecules. More than 90% of all compounds belong to this group. ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)