Cellular Respiration
... Oxidation without O2 Anaerobic Respiration • Some prokaryotes use S, N, CO2, and inorganic metals as final e- acceptors in place of O2. Less ATP produced but enough to be called respiration. • Methanogens are part of Archaea and use CO2 as e- acceptor. They convert it into CH4 or methane. • Some p ...
... Oxidation without O2 Anaerobic Respiration • Some prokaryotes use S, N, CO2, and inorganic metals as final e- acceptors in place of O2. Less ATP produced but enough to be called respiration. • Methanogens are part of Archaea and use CO2 as e- acceptor. They convert it into CH4 or methane. • Some p ...
Microbial Physiology Lecture
... • Aerobes require oxygen to live, whereas anaerobes do not and may even be killed by oxygen. ...
... • Aerobes require oxygen to live, whereas anaerobes do not and may even be killed by oxygen. ...
Cellular Respiration
... Photosynthesis combines water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen, converting light energy into chemical energy. ...
... Photosynthesis combines water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen, converting light energy into chemical energy. ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Quiz
... Food provides the energy living things need to survive. ...
... Food provides the energy living things need to survive. ...
Lecture 28, Apr 7
... respiratory substrates pyruvate, NADH, ADP and Pi into the mitochondrion, and substrates NAD+ and ATP out of the mitochondrion, by active transport. Thus, in eukaryotes there is a net production of 36 ATP per glucose. ...
... respiratory substrates pyruvate, NADH, ADP and Pi into the mitochondrion, and substrates NAD+ and ATP out of the mitochondrion, by active transport. Thus, in eukaryotes there is a net production of 36 ATP per glucose. ...
9.2 Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Reading Guide
... About 90 percent 2. Because the final stages of cellular respiration require oxygen, they are said to be aerobic. 1. At the end of glycolysis, how much of the chemical energy in glucose is still unused? The Krebs Cycle (pages 226–227) 3. In the presence of oxygen, how is the pyruvic acid produced in ...
... About 90 percent 2. Because the final stages of cellular respiration require oxygen, they are said to be aerobic. 1. At the end of glycolysis, how much of the chemical energy in glucose is still unused? The Krebs Cycle (pages 226–227) 3. In the presence of oxygen, how is the pyruvic acid produced in ...
Unit 4 (Bioenergetics - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration)
... 13. What is pyruvate, and what is its purpose? Half of a glucose. Take hydrogens (and electrons) from glucose to the mitochondria 14. What is the purpose of NADH and FADH2? Electron carriers. Take electrons from glucose to the electron transport chain. 15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar a ...
... 13. What is pyruvate, and what is its purpose? Half of a glucose. Take hydrogens (and electrons) from glucose to the mitochondria 14. What is the purpose of NADH and FADH2? Electron carriers. Take electrons from glucose to the electron transport chain. 15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar a ...
Chapter 4 Influence of Environmental Factors
... In addition to N and P, the sulfur (S) requirement of anaerobic bacteria should also be satisfied and this can be supplied as sulfur, sulfide, sulfite, thiosulfate, sulfate or amino acids (cysteine and methionine). ...
... In addition to N and P, the sulfur (S) requirement of anaerobic bacteria should also be satisfied and this can be supplied as sulfur, sulfide, sulfite, thiosulfate, sulfate or amino acids (cysteine and methionine). ...
Name: Date: Period: ______ Must-Knows: Unit 6 (Enzymes and Cell
... An experiment to measure the rate of respiration in crickets and mice at 10°C and 25°C was performed using a respirometer, an apparatus that measures changes in gas volume. Respiration was measured in mL of O2 consumed per gram of organism over several five-minute trials and the following data were ...
... An experiment to measure the rate of respiration in crickets and mice at 10°C and 25°C was performed using a respirometer, an apparatus that measures changes in gas volume. Respiration was measured in mL of O2 consumed per gram of organism over several five-minute trials and the following data were ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration
... Acetyl-CoA before entering the Krebs Cycle. • The Krebs cycle breaks down carbon compounds into carbon dioxide (waste), ATP, NADH, and FADH2 ...
... Acetyl-CoA before entering the Krebs Cycle. • The Krebs cycle breaks down carbon compounds into carbon dioxide (waste), ATP, NADH, and FADH2 ...
K,Mg,Ca,Na… 0,4%
... in large quantities (C, N, H, O, S, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe); others as microelements or trace elements (Mn, Zn, Co, Mo, Cu…..) – part of enzymes and cofactors Nutrients are used in biosynthesis and as a source of energy (chemotrophs) CARBON – the skeleton of organic substances (often together as sourc ...
... in large quantities (C, N, H, O, S, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe); others as microelements or trace elements (Mn, Zn, Co, Mo, Cu…..) – part of enzymes and cofactors Nutrients are used in biosynthesis and as a source of energy (chemotrophs) CARBON – the skeleton of organic substances (often together as sourc ...
Chapter Nine
... 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explai ...
... 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explai ...
Cellular_Respiration_overviewap
... Lactic acid fermentation: carbon molecule called citrate. That citrate is then 2 pyruvic acid + 2 NADH 2 lactic acid + 2NADH + gradually changed to a five carbon molecule, and 2 CO2 then to a four carbon molecule (which ultimately becomes oxaloacetate). While this rearrangement Alcoholic fermentat ...
... Lactic acid fermentation: carbon molecule called citrate. That citrate is then 2 pyruvic acid + 2 NADH 2 lactic acid + 2NADH + gradually changed to a five carbon molecule, and 2 CO2 then to a four carbon molecule (which ultimately becomes oxaloacetate). While this rearrangement Alcoholic fermentat ...
CHAPTER 9
... 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explai ...
... 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explai ...
File
... 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explai ...
... 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. 12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explai ...
How Did Life Begin? And What is Life?
... Either you make a living organism or you don’t. • The good news – you have 800 million years to complete the exam! ...
... Either you make a living organism or you don’t. • The good news – you have 800 million years to complete the exam! ...
CHAPTER-V BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
... carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities. Inhibitors There are several well-known drugs and toxins that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. Although any one of these toxins inhibits only one enzyme in the electron transport chain, ...
... carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities. Inhibitors There are several well-known drugs and toxins that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. Although any one of these toxins inhibits only one enzyme in the electron transport chain, ...
幻灯片 1
... and occupy distinct zones where the environmental conditions favour their specific activities. ...
... and occupy distinct zones where the environmental conditions favour their specific activities. ...
Cell Respiration
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
Cell Respiration
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
hapter 11
... 2. Describe substrate-level phosphorylation 3. Diagram the major changes made to glucose as it is catabolized by the Embden-Meyerhof, EntnerDuodoroff, and pentose phosphate pathways 4. Identify those reactions of the Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Duodoroff, and pentose phosphate pathways that consume ATP, ...
... 2. Describe substrate-level phosphorylation 3. Diagram the major changes made to glucose as it is catabolized by the Embden-Meyerhof, EntnerDuodoroff, and pentose phosphate pathways 4. Identify those reactions of the Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Duodoroff, and pentose phosphate pathways that consume ATP, ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)