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Module 3 Notes
Module 3 Notes

...  Anaerobic respiration: the __________________________ in the ETC is _________ o Usually an ________________________ o Yields ____________ than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycle operates under ___________________ conditions  _____________ sources can be used o Eg, can oxidiz ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration

... • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor after the electron transport chain. • Oxygen combines with electrons and H+ to form H2O ...
Section 9–2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport (pages 226–232)
Section 9–2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport (pages 226–232)

... 28. When a runner needs quick energy for a short race, what source can supply enough ATP for about 90 seconds? Lactic acid fermentation can supply the ATP. 29. Why does a sprinter have an oxygen debt to repay after the race is over? Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid as a byproduct. The o ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... • A phosphate-containing compound transfers a phosphate group directly to ADP (makes 31 KJ/mol) • For each glucose molecule processed, 4 ATP (2 net) molecules are generated this way in glycolysis and 2 in Krebs cycle ...
Respiration Test Study Guide
Respiration Test Study Guide

... 32. In lactic acid fermentation, lactic acid (lactate) is produced from _________________. 33. ____________ and _____________ carry electrons to the electron transport chain. 34. The equation for aerobic cellular respiration is: ____________________________________________ 35. Water is an end produc ...
Homework 7 - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
Homework 7 - Fullfrontalanatomy.com

... b) production of NADPH by substrate-level phosphorylation; c) pumping of hydrogens into the thylakoid space for later generation of ATP by chemiosmosis; d) pumping of hydrogens into the inner cristae space for later generation of ATP by chemiosmosis; e) preparation of water for eventual incorporatio ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... • The electrons of H+s (of FADH2 and NADH) are transferred from one membrane carrier to another membrane carrier (Cytochromes) • The electrons lose energy as they are transferred (like hot potato) • This energy drives membrane pumps involved with Chemiosmosis ...
File
File

... • Hydrogen ions then pass through ATP synthase (an enzyme) back into the matrix by simple diffusion • Hydrogen ions flowing through ATP synthase cause synthesis of ATP from ADP + P by chemiosmosis • The final electron acceptor at end of electron chain is oxygen • Water is formed when oxygen and the ...
Cellular Respiration - Jackson School District
Cellular Respiration - Jackson School District

...  If electron transfer is not stepwise - A large release of ...
unit 3 – cellular energy processes
unit 3 – cellular energy processes

... 10. Describe how the catabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates relate to cellular respiration. 11. Understand the role of FAD and NAD + in the process of respiration. 12. Compare the efficiency of substrate-level phosphorylation to oxidative phosphorylation. 13. Identify the number of ATP mole ...
Answers for extension worksheet – Option C
Answers for extension worksheet – Option C

... of steps that remove two-carbon units. The same series of reactions is repeated several times until the whole carbon chain is broken down, transferring a lot of energy for ATP synthesis. These reactions occur in the liver and excess acetyl CoA produced there is released and taken to other tissues. T ...
File
File

... • Animals get all nitrogen (eg. found in protein, DNA) from plants – Need nitrogen fixation to survive ...
Document
Document

... dioxide as a ____ result of anaerobic respiration. Yeasts are used in baking (because of the carbon dioxide ...
Information Sheet
Information Sheet

... Although the final step of fermentation (conversion of pyruvate to fermentation endproducts) does not produce energy, it is critical for an anaerobic cell since it regenerates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which is required for glycolysis. This is important for normal cellular function, ...
anaerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration

... conjugate acid for lactate ion ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... ATP, NADH, and two pyruvates are the end products of glycolysis. It’s vital to know the reactants and products for each process of cellular respiration and photosynthesis! ...
Chapter 2 Study Guide
Chapter 2 Study Guide

... What percentage of energy is passed on from one trophic level to the next? ...
Pthways and metabolites of microbial cells
Pthways and metabolites of microbial cells

... membrane. ATP is formed when the protons flow through ATP synthase. The majority of ATP made during cellular respiration is made using the electron transport chain. In prokaryotes, the oxidation of one glucose molecule generates approximately 38 ATP molecules. In some organisms, the catabolism of gl ...
Introduction to Ecology
Introduction to Ecology

... – Feed On Dead Plant & Animal Remains (buzzards) • Decomposers – Fungi & Bacteria ...
Chapter 11d
Chapter 11d

... Lactobacillales - Gram (+) cocci and rods • Generally aerotolerant, lack an electron-transport chain • Catalase negative ...
Biology 7th hour Chapter 6 Krebs Cycle and Fermentation Quiz
Biology 7th hour Chapter 6 Krebs Cycle and Fermentation Quiz

... _____ 8) In the last reaction of respiration: a) A pyruvic acid becomes CO2 and a 2- C compound. b) A 2-C compound enters the Krebs cycle c) ATP is produced for use by the body cells d) Electrons are transferred to the electron transport chain _____ 9) If muscles do not get enough oxygen during heav ...
cell energy test review
cell energy test review

... MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the lettered choice that best fits each question or statement. In each case, there is only one correct choice. 1 Which statement about photosynthesis is correct? a. occurs only in the dark b. will not occur if respiration is taking place c. some stages are interrupted by dark ...
Directed Reading
Directed Reading

... chemical energy is released gradually in a series of enzyme-assisted reactions. When a log is burned, stored chemical energy is released quickly as heat and light. 12. ATP is called an energy currency because cells can “spend it” in order to carry out cellular processes that require energy. 13. Ener ...
(pg 104-110) - Cellular Respiration
(pg 104-110) - Cellular Respiration

... Substrate-level phosphorylation ...
Sept 19th Lecture 4
Sept 19th Lecture 4

... • Energy is released during these redox reactions • Bacteria must “intercept” these electrons in order to produce energy • The goal of metabolism is to conserved the energy released during these reactions and converting it to ATP • There are different bacterial strategies for conserving this energy ...
< 1 ... 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 ... 389 >

Microbial metabolism



Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)
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