Metabolism
... A substance is oxidized when it loses one or more electrons A substance is reduced when it gains one or more electrons Oxidation-reduction reactions are controlled by enzymes Antioxidants – compounds that donate electrons to oxidized compounds, putting them into a more reduced (stable) state ...
... A substance is oxidized when it loses one or more electrons A substance is reduced when it gains one or more electrons Oxidation-reduction reactions are controlled by enzymes Antioxidants – compounds that donate electrons to oxidized compounds, putting them into a more reduced (stable) state ...
BIO 6.3 Carbon - Steinbach Science
... (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose) Lipids are organic compounds that have a large portion (much greater than 2 to 1) or C—H bonds and less oxygen than carbohydrates (e.g., beef fat has the formula ...
... (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose) Lipids are organic compounds that have a large portion (much greater than 2 to 1) or C—H bonds and less oxygen than carbohydrates (e.g., beef fat has the formula ...
biology 422 - TeacherWeb
... description of the chemical pathway involved in each, to include the beginning substances, the intermediate reactions and the final products as well as indicate whether ATP is used or made. ...
... description of the chemical pathway involved in each, to include the beginning substances, the intermediate reactions and the final products as well as indicate whether ATP is used or made. ...
PRODUCT FACT SHEET - Taylormade Horse Supplies
... to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste by-product. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of ...
... to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste by-product. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of ...
NoB1ch03QUICKcheck-ed
... the active site of the enzyme molecule. Only compounds that include a region with a shape complementary to the shape of the active site can be substrates of a specific enzyme and so bind to the enzyme. ...
... the active site of the enzyme molecule. Only compounds that include a region with a shape complementary to the shape of the active site can be substrates of a specific enzyme and so bind to the enzyme. ...
Cellular respiration
... Partial oxidation of glucose to form pyruvic acid. A small amount of ATP is made. Some NAD is reduced to form NADH. The major glycolytic pathway in cells is the ...
... Partial oxidation of glucose to form pyruvic acid. A small amount of ATP is made. Some NAD is reduced to form NADH. The major glycolytic pathway in cells is the ...
cellular respiration - Aurora City Schools
... molecules in the presence of oxygen. 6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy Cellular respiration takes place in small steps to minimize the loss of energy in the form of heat or ...
... molecules in the presence of oxygen. 6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy Cellular respiration takes place in small steps to minimize the loss of energy in the form of heat or ...
The type of attraction that holds two
... 31. _____________________have two, rather than three, fatty acids joined by a molecule of glycerol. 32. A _________________is a type of structural lipid. A wax molecule consists of a long fatty-acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain. Waxes are highly waterproof, and in plants, wax forms a protect ...
... 31. _____________________have two, rather than three, fatty acids joined by a molecule of glycerol. 32. A _________________is a type of structural lipid. A wax molecule consists of a long fatty-acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain. Waxes are highly waterproof, and in plants, wax forms a protect ...
Part A: Multiple Choice (10 marks- Knowledge) - OISE-IS
... b) Explain what happens to the pyruvate molecules in this case and what happens to the compound that is formed? (2 marks) ...
... b) Explain what happens to the pyruvate molecules in this case and what happens to the compound that is formed? (2 marks) ...
Unit 16 Review Answers (12A, 12C, 12E, 12F)
... fuels causes acid rain & global warming. Use of fertilizers causes runoff pollution & eutrophication in freshwaters, deforestation causes a disturbance in the carbon cycle. Eutrophication can wipe out fish and plant populations in a pond or lake completely altering the ecosystem. Acid rain causes th ...
... fuels causes acid rain & global warming. Use of fertilizers causes runoff pollution & eutrophication in freshwaters, deforestation causes a disturbance in the carbon cycle. Eutrophication can wipe out fish and plant populations in a pond or lake completely altering the ecosystem. Acid rain causes th ...
Respiration
... How much ATP? • Oxidative phosphorylation makes ATP using energy from NADH and FADH • 1 NADH → 2.5 ATP • 1 FADH → 1.5 ATP ...
... How much ATP? • Oxidative phosphorylation makes ATP using energy from NADH and FADH • 1 NADH → 2.5 ATP • 1 FADH → 1.5 ATP ...
Recap: structure of ATP
... How much ATP? • Oxidative phosphorylation makes ATP using energy from NADH and FADH • 1 NADH → 2.5 ATP • 1 FADH → 1.5 ATP ...
... How much ATP? • Oxidative phosphorylation makes ATP using energy from NADH and FADH • 1 NADH → 2.5 ATP • 1 FADH → 1.5 ATP ...
Sample Test #4
... 19. True or False? It is possible over time for the nature of the interaction between two species to change over time (such as between trees and their mychorrizal soil fungi) depending on how the abiotic environment fluctuates or on other biotic interactions with other members of the community. (In ...
... 19. True or False? It is possible over time for the nature of the interaction between two species to change over time (such as between trees and their mychorrizal soil fungi) depending on how the abiotic environment fluctuates or on other biotic interactions with other members of the community. (In ...
CHAPTER OUTLINE
... Inputs = 6C glucose, 2 NAD+, 2 ATP, 4 ADP +4P Outputs = 2 (3C) pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ADP, 4 ATP total Two ATP net gain. 7.3 Outside the Mitochondria: Fermentation Fermentation is an anaerobic pathway a cell may utilize if oxygen is limited when breaking down glucose. Advantages and Disadvantages of Fe ...
... Inputs = 6C glucose, 2 NAD+, 2 ATP, 4 ADP +4P Outputs = 2 (3C) pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ADP, 4 ATP total Two ATP net gain. 7.3 Outside the Mitochondria: Fermentation Fermentation is an anaerobic pathway a cell may utilize if oxygen is limited when breaking down glucose. Advantages and Disadvantages of Fe ...
UNIT 3 CELLULAR RESPIRATION PROBLEM SETS SPRING 2007
... i) Oxidation often involves (gain or loss) of oxygen and (gain or loss) of hydrogen. ii) Reduction often involves (gain or loss) of oxygen and (gain or loss) of hydrogen 5) For each pair of species below, indicate which is more oxidized and which is the more reduced form. Also indicate which species ...
... i) Oxidation often involves (gain or loss) of oxygen and (gain or loss) of hydrogen. ii) Reduction often involves (gain or loss) of oxygen and (gain or loss) of hydrogen 5) For each pair of species below, indicate which is more oxidized and which is the more reduced form. Also indicate which species ...
Ecology and Population Biology
... Due to these changes we see: Ecological succession – when an existing community of organisms is replaced by a different community over time. ...
... Due to these changes we see: Ecological succession – when an existing community of organisms is replaced by a different community over time. ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)