Biosphere Levels of organization Biological organization
... incorporate this energy into organic matter !!!! a means for recycling materials between organisms and their environment ...
... incorporate this energy into organic matter !!!! a means for recycling materials between organisms and their environment ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... shuttle electrons, they actively pump hydrogen ions (protons) across the membrane setting up a gradient of hydrogen ions - proton motive force. • Hydrogen ions diffuse back through the ATP synthase complex causing it to rotate, causing a 3dimensional change resulting in the production of ATP. ...
... shuttle electrons, they actively pump hydrogen ions (protons) across the membrane setting up a gradient of hydrogen ions - proton motive force. • Hydrogen ions diffuse back through the ATP synthase complex causing it to rotate, causing a 3dimensional change resulting in the production of ATP. ...
Chapter 3: Biochemistry
... covalently bonded to other carbon atoms and to other atoms 1. Carbon atoms have 4 positions for bonding to 4 other atoms 2. Results in a huge variety of compounds B. Functional groups: ...
... covalently bonded to other carbon atoms and to other atoms 1. Carbon atoms have 4 positions for bonding to 4 other atoms 2. Results in a huge variety of compounds B. Functional groups: ...
Ecology
... sum total of the genetically based variety of all organisms in the biosphere. •Ecosystem diversity includes the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in the living world. •Species diversity is the number of different species in the biosphere. •Genetic diversity is the sum total ...
... sum total of the genetically based variety of all organisms in the biosphere. •Ecosystem diversity includes the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in the living world. •Species diversity is the number of different species in the biosphere. •Genetic diversity is the sum total ...
Ecology
... sum total of the genetically based variety of all organisms in the biosphere. •Ecosystem diversity includes the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in the living world. •Species diversity is the number of different species in the biosphere. •Genetic diversity is the sum total ...
... sum total of the genetically based variety of all organisms in the biosphere. •Ecosystem diversity includes the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in the living world. •Species diversity is the number of different species in the biosphere. •Genetic diversity is the sum total ...
oxidation
... organic units convert into simple units, Ex: sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids are converted into acetyl unit of acetyl CoA; process does not require oxygen, yields small amount of ATP Third stage: useful food energy, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation carried out under aer ...
... organic units convert into simple units, Ex: sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids are converted into acetyl unit of acetyl CoA; process does not require oxygen, yields small amount of ATP Third stage: useful food energy, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation carried out under aer ...
Microbial Metabolism
... molecules (amino acids) Does not require oxygen Does not require kreb cycle or electron transport chain Uses organic molecule as final electron acceptor Produces only small amounts of ATP Examples of end products are lactic acid or ethanol ...
... molecules (amino acids) Does not require oxygen Does not require kreb cycle or electron transport chain Uses organic molecule as final electron acceptor Produces only small amounts of ATP Examples of end products are lactic acid or ethanol ...
Simplified Diagram of Cellular Metabolism
... Published by Garland Publishing, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group. ...
... Published by Garland Publishing, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group. ...
cellular respiration
... 1. A series of biochemical pathways 2. Involves many chemical reactions and enzymes 3. Process that gradually breaks down food (organic substances) to release small packets of energy 4. Small packets of energy used to convert ADP into ATP 5. ATP is the chemical energy currency used by cells ...
... 1. A series of biochemical pathways 2. Involves many chemical reactions and enzymes 3. Process that gradually breaks down food (organic substances) to release small packets of energy 4. Small packets of energy used to convert ADP into ATP 5. ATP is the chemical energy currency used by cells ...
cellular respiration quiz review guide
... What is the first step of the Krebs cycle? (hint: what has to happen to the pyruvic acid BEFORE it enters the Krebs Cycle) Briefly summarize the steps of the Krebs cycle (be able to fill in various blanks of the Krebs Cycle for the quiz) What is another name for the Krebs Cycle? Why is it also known ...
... What is the first step of the Krebs cycle? (hint: what has to happen to the pyruvic acid BEFORE it enters the Krebs Cycle) Briefly summarize the steps of the Krebs cycle (be able to fill in various blanks of the Krebs Cycle for the quiz) What is another name for the Krebs Cycle? Why is it also known ...
B6- under the microscope
... transferring the energy of biomass by fermenting them with bacteria of yeast. • Advantages are- alternative to fossil fuels, carbon neutral, no particulates • If they are burnt at the same rate as they are being produced and no other crop is being cleared to grow crops for biofuels there will be no ...
... transferring the energy of biomass by fermenting them with bacteria of yeast. • Advantages are- alternative to fossil fuels, carbon neutral, no particulates • If they are burnt at the same rate as they are being produced and no other crop is being cleared to grow crops for biofuels there will be no ...
Document
... the ETC. The energy released creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The protons flow down this concentration gradient back across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the ATP Synthase Enzyme. This driving force makes this enzyme rotate, and this conformational change ...
... the ETC. The energy released creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The protons flow down this concentration gradient back across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the ATP Synthase Enzyme. This driving force makes this enzyme rotate, and this conformational change ...
ecology
... A. Ecosystems involve the interaction of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. It is self-sustaining if the following factors are met: 1. Constant source of energy (sun) 2. Ability to convert energy to food (organic compounds) 3. Cycling of materials between organisms and environment B. ...
... A. Ecosystems involve the interaction of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. It is self-sustaining if the following factors are met: 1. Constant source of energy (sun) 2. Ability to convert energy to food (organic compounds) 3. Cycling of materials between organisms and environment B. ...
Chapter 1 The Framework of Biology
... Carbon cycles within living organisms via photosynthesis and respiration, as well as, via the decomposition of organic matter by bacteria and fungi. The atmosphere and ocean are important reservoirs of carbon dioxide. Limestone, peat, coal, oil and natural gas are also reservoirs of carbon. Prokaryo ...
... Carbon cycles within living organisms via photosynthesis and respiration, as well as, via the decomposition of organic matter by bacteria and fungi. The atmosphere and ocean are important reservoirs of carbon dioxide. Limestone, peat, coal, oil and natural gas are also reservoirs of carbon. Prokaryo ...
ch_06_study guide
... not accumulate in aerobic cells, the threat of hydroxyl radicals is virtually eliminated in aerobic cells. Not all organisms are either strict aerobes or anaerobes. Facultative anaerobes can maintain life via fermentation or anaerobic respiration, though their metabolic efficiency is often reduced i ...
... not accumulate in aerobic cells, the threat of hydroxyl radicals is virtually eliminated in aerobic cells. Not all organisms are either strict aerobes or anaerobes. Facultative anaerobes can maintain life via fermentation or anaerobic respiration, though their metabolic efficiency is often reduced i ...
ECOLOGY
... the same species in an area. The factors that control the numbers in a population act mainly on the birth and death rates. ...
... the same species in an area. The factors that control the numbers in a population act mainly on the birth and death rates. ...
1.1 SUSTAINABILITY (Pages 7-20)
... bacteria) into ammonium (NH3) or nitrate (NO3) useable forms – It is used by plants and animals and released back into the atmosphere, and the process repeats – Decomposed animals and plants release nurtrients into the soil and through their feces ...
... bacteria) into ammonium (NH3) or nitrate (NO3) useable forms – It is used by plants and animals and released back into the atmosphere, and the process repeats – Decomposed animals and plants release nurtrients into the soil and through their feces ...
Name: ____________ Pd.: ______ Date: Ecologists Study
... 18. ___________________ organisms that get their energy from nonliving resources, meaning they make their own food. 19. Producers are also called ____________________. 20. ______________________ organisms that get their energy by eating other living or once living resources, such as plants and anima ...
... 18. ___________________ organisms that get their energy from nonliving resources, meaning they make their own food. 19. Producers are also called ____________________. 20. ______________________ organisms that get their energy by eating other living or once living resources, such as plants and anima ...
Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
... energy or sunlight energy and use that energy to create their own food. EX. Plants, some algae, and certain bacteria. Primary Production- the rate at which matter(carbs) are created -Photosynthesis: Use of light energy to create carbohydrates (food). -Chemosynthesis: Use of chemical energy to produc ...
... energy or sunlight energy and use that energy to create their own food. EX. Plants, some algae, and certain bacteria. Primary Production- the rate at which matter(carbs) are created -Photosynthesis: Use of light energy to create carbohydrates (food). -Chemosynthesis: Use of chemical energy to produc ...
File - SCIENTIST CINDY
... a. Cells resembling prokaryotes appear. These first organisms are chemoautotrophs: they use carbon dioxide as a carbon source and oxidize inorganic materials to extract energy. 14. What are archaea? a. The Archaea are prokaryotes, meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound o ...
... a. Cells resembling prokaryotes appear. These first organisms are chemoautotrophs: they use carbon dioxide as a carbon source and oxidize inorganic materials to extract energy. 14. What are archaea? a. The Archaea are prokaryotes, meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound o ...
Energy Metabolism
... ANABOLISM set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, "building up" organs and tissues many anabolic processes are powered by ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ...
... ANABOLISM set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, "building up" organs and tissues many anabolic processes are powered by ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ...
Energy Metabolism
... ANABOLISM set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, "building up" organs and tissues many anabolic processes are powered by ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ...
... ANABOLISM set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, "building up" organs and tissues many anabolic processes are powered by ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ...
Document
... fertilisers to the soil. farmers using natural fertilisers such as compost and manure. the decay of deal plants and animals. farmers planting peas and beans in their fields every 2 or 3 years. fa ...
... fertilisers to the soil. farmers using natural fertilisers such as compost and manure. the decay of deal plants and animals. farmers planting peas and beans in their fields every 2 or 3 years. fa ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)