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CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Biochemistry 2
Respiration:
Respiration includes all the processes that
provide the energy to carry out the life
processes of an organism. Respiration
continuously in all plant and animal
occurs ___________
cells.
It involves changing the chemical energy in
food into a form that can be used by the cells.
In most organisms, respiration requires
______
oxygen and produces ______
carbon______.
dioxide This
involves exchange of gases between the
organism and its environment.
Cellular respiration refers to those
enzyme-controlled reactions in which the
potential energy of organic molecules
glucose is transferred to a more available
(_______)
form of energy.
The chemical energy in organic food
molecules cannot be used directly by the
cells. Instead, the energy in food molecules
is transferred by cellular respiration to
molecules of _____.
ATP When the energy from
____
ATP is needed for metabolism, it is broken
down to ADP
____.
In most organisms, cellular respiration
oxygen This process is therefore
requires _______.
known as ________________________.
aerobic cellular respiration
oxygen is not used, the process is called
If ______
________
anaerobic__________.
respiration The ____________
mitochondria
contains many of the enzymes for aerobic
respiration, while the enzymes for anaerobic
respiration are in the cell cytoplasm.
Anaerobic Respiration:
fermentation this
Otherwise known as ___________,
takes place in yeasts and bacteria.
During anaerobic respiration, the
glucose from food is only partially
broken down. There is only a net of ___
ATP
2 molecules from every molecule of
glucose broken down.
Yeasts and some bacteria produce
ethyl ______
alcohol and ______
carbon______
dioxide as a
____
result of anaerobic respiration. Yeasts
are used in baking (because of the
carbon dioxide
______
______ produced) and brewing
(because of the ______
alcohol produced)
industries.
Some bacteria and our muscle cells
lactic ____
acid as a result of
produce ____
anaerobic respiration. Lactic acid
produced by bacteria is important in the
production of cheese, buttermilk, and
yogurt.
Lactic acid is also produced in our
muscle cells during prolonged exercise.
This builds up in the muscle and is
associated with muscle fatigue and
soreness.
Aerobic respiration:
The reactions:
Glucose + Oxygen
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Respiratory
Enzymes
Respiratory
Enzymes
Water +
Carbon
ATP
dioxide +
6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP
Aerobic respiration produces a net gain
36 ATP and is much more efficient
of ___
than anaerobic respiration, which only
2 ATP.
produces __
ATP-ADP conversion:
http://biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html