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CELLULAR RESPIRATION Biochemistry 2 Respiration: Respiration includes all the processes that provide the energy to carry out the life processes of an organism. Respiration continuously in all plant and animal occurs ___________ cells. It involves changing the chemical energy in food into a form that can be used by the cells. In most organisms, respiration requires ______ oxygen and produces ______ carbon______. dioxide This involves exchange of gases between the organism and its environment. Cellular respiration refers to those enzyme-controlled reactions in which the potential energy of organic molecules glucose is transferred to a more available (_______) form of energy. The chemical energy in organic food molecules cannot be used directly by the cells. Instead, the energy in food molecules is transferred by cellular respiration to molecules of _____. ATP When the energy from ____ ATP is needed for metabolism, it is broken down to ADP ____. In most organisms, cellular respiration oxygen This process is therefore requires _______. known as ________________________. aerobic cellular respiration oxygen is not used, the process is called If ______ ________ anaerobic__________. respiration The ____________ mitochondria contains many of the enzymes for aerobic respiration, while the enzymes for anaerobic respiration are in the cell cytoplasm. Anaerobic Respiration: fermentation this Otherwise known as ___________, takes place in yeasts and bacteria. During anaerobic respiration, the glucose from food is only partially broken down. There is only a net of ___ ATP 2 molecules from every molecule of glucose broken down. Yeasts and some bacteria produce ethyl ______ alcohol and ______ carbon______ dioxide as a ____ result of anaerobic respiration. Yeasts are used in baking (because of the carbon dioxide ______ ______ produced) and brewing (because of the ______ alcohol produced) industries. Some bacteria and our muscle cells lactic ____ acid as a result of produce ____ anaerobic respiration. Lactic acid produced by bacteria is important in the production of cheese, buttermilk, and yogurt. Lactic acid is also produced in our muscle cells during prolonged exercise. This builds up in the muscle and is associated with muscle fatigue and soreness. Aerobic respiration: The reactions: Glucose + Oxygen C6H12O6 + 6O2 Respiratory Enzymes Respiratory Enzymes Water + Carbon ATP dioxide + 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP Aerobic respiration produces a net gain 36 ATP and is much more efficient of ___ than anaerobic respiration, which only 2 ATP. produces __ ATP-ADP conversion: http://biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html