Reaction Engineering - Aalborg Universitet
... Stoichiometric Coefficients for Growth Yield coefficients, Y, are defined based on the amount of consumption of ...
... Stoichiometric Coefficients for Growth Yield coefficients, Y, are defined based on the amount of consumption of ...
19 Dr. Nafez Abu Tarboosh Qusai Al Sharef
... Because they help the coenzyme to bind with Mg which preserve the structure (when Mg is bound it will stabilize the whole structure). Referring to the previous point: 1-The part responsible for binding is the pyrophosphate. 2-The part responsible for catalysis is the ring (to be specific it is the c ...
... Because they help the coenzyme to bind with Mg which preserve the structure (when Mg is bound it will stabilize the whole structure). Referring to the previous point: 1-The part responsible for binding is the pyrophosphate. 2-The part responsible for catalysis is the ring (to be specific it is the c ...
Slide 1
... The Recovery process is concerned with the events AFTER exercise. It is important DURING exercise to allow performers to MAINTAIN performance and also AFTER exercise to SPEED UP their recovery. The aim is to RESTORE the body to its PRE EXERCISE STATE by removing BY PRODUCTS and by the REPLENISHMENT ...
... The Recovery process is concerned with the events AFTER exercise. It is important DURING exercise to allow performers to MAINTAIN performance and also AFTER exercise to SPEED UP their recovery. The aim is to RESTORE the body to its PRE EXERCISE STATE by removing BY PRODUCTS and by the REPLENISHMENT ...
READ MORE - MindBody Medicine Center
... radical damage comes from cigarette smoke, drugs, radio waves from cell phones and wi-‐fi, and the myriad chemicals found in all humans at this time on earth, including phalates, parabens, pesticides, sty ...
... radical damage comes from cigarette smoke, drugs, radio waves from cell phones and wi-‐fi, and the myriad chemicals found in all humans at this time on earth, including phalates, parabens, pesticides, sty ...
Ch_9 - Bartlett High School
... Figure 9.16 ATP yield per molecule of glucose at each stage of cellular respiration ...
... Figure 9.16 ATP yield per molecule of glucose at each stage of cellular respiration ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 12 Notes
... Cleavage of thiol energy bond and release of CoA is coupled to formation of GTP PO4 nucleophilic attack on succinyl CoA releasing CoA. His cleaves PO4 off of succinate. PO4 transfers from His(enzyme) to GDP forming GTP ...
... Cleavage of thiol energy bond and release of CoA is coupled to formation of GTP PO4 nucleophilic attack on succinyl CoA releasing CoA. His cleaves PO4 off of succinate. PO4 transfers from His(enzyme) to GDP forming GTP ...
An Overview of the Citric Acid Cycle
... Stoichiometry of the Citric Acid Cycle 1. Two carbon atoms enter the cycle in the condensation of an acetyl unit (from acetyl CoA) with oxaloacetate. Two carbon atoms leave the cycle in the form of CO2 in the successive decarboxylations catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate deh ...
... Stoichiometry of the Citric Acid Cycle 1. Two carbon atoms enter the cycle in the condensation of an acetyl unit (from acetyl CoA) with oxaloacetate. Two carbon atoms leave the cycle in the form of CO2 in the successive decarboxylations catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate deh ...
File - Mrs. Brown @ SCHS
... said to “move up the food chain”? A. Pesticides have a greater effect on larger animals than on insects. B. Top predators often accumulate the pesticides contained in the bodies of their prey. C. Birds and predatory mammals are not affected by pesticides. D. Pesticides kill insects and other target ...
... said to “move up the food chain”? A. Pesticides have a greater effect on larger animals than on insects. B. Top predators often accumulate the pesticides contained in the bodies of their prey. C. Birds and predatory mammals are not affected by pesticides. D. Pesticides kill insects and other target ...
Lecture Notes for ecological_structure
... bacteria & fungi colonize detrital surface and enzymatically extract labile compounds larger macro-invertebrate shredders (caddisflies, craneflies, some stoneflies, amphipods etc.) mechanically breakup larger pieces (CPOM) while feeding on attached decomposers and in some cases on the CPOM ...
... bacteria & fungi colonize detrital surface and enzymatically extract labile compounds larger macro-invertebrate shredders (caddisflies, craneflies, some stoneflies, amphipods etc.) mechanically breakup larger pieces (CPOM) while feeding on attached decomposers and in some cases on the CPOM ...
Name: _____ Date: ______ Class:______________
... rather, plants make their own food molecules through ____________________ and then these glucose molecules are broken down by mitochondria by doing ____________________ to make energy. Animals don’t have chloroplasts doing ____________________, so they have to eat organic molecules, which provide th ...
... rather, plants make their own food molecules through ____________________ and then these glucose molecules are broken down by mitochondria by doing ____________________ to make energy. Animals don’t have chloroplasts doing ____________________, so they have to eat organic molecules, which provide th ...
2. Molecular Biology – 2.8 Cell Respiration Name: Understandings
... 2.8.S1 Analysis of results from experiments involving measurement of respiration rates in germinating seeds or invertebrates using a respirometer. & Nature of Science: Assessing the ethics of scientific research—the use of invertebrates in respirometer experiments has ethical implications. (4.5) Re ...
... 2.8.S1 Analysis of results from experiments involving measurement of respiration rates in germinating seeds or invertebrates using a respirometer. & Nature of Science: Assessing the ethics of scientific research—the use of invertebrates in respirometer experiments has ethical implications. (4.5) Re ...
Chapter 9 - John A. Ferguson Senior High School
... The junction between glycolysis & the citric acid cycle: Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA Enzymes of Glycolysis juction to CAC: ...
... The junction between glycolysis & the citric acid cycle: Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA Enzymes of Glycolysis juction to CAC: ...
Lecture 3
... Importance of blood glucose • Note lower blood glucose at rest in fasting condition • Note earlier onset of fatigue • Blood glucose is an important energy source! ...
... Importance of blood glucose • Note lower blood glucose at rest in fasting condition • Note earlier onset of fatigue • Blood glucose is an important energy source! ...
Fate of pyruvate
... Acetyl CoA is the end product for oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids & proteins Acetyl CoA condenses with oxalacetate to form citrate (first reaction of the cycle) 3 NADH are produced = 3 X 3 = 9 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) One FADH2 is produced = 1 X 2 = 2 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) ...
... Acetyl CoA is the end product for oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids & proteins Acetyl CoA condenses with oxalacetate to form citrate (first reaction of the cycle) 3 NADH are produced = 3 X 3 = 9 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) One FADH2 is produced = 1 X 2 = 2 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) ...
CHEM 1405 Practice Exam #2 (2015)
... C) Sb and Te D) Po and At C) Ca D) none of the above 8) Which of the following elements are fourth period metalloids? A) Si and Ge B) Ge and As 9) Which of the following is an alkali metal? A) Al B) Fe 10) How many valence electrons does the representative element with the electron configuration 1s2 ...
... C) Sb and Te D) Po and At C) Ca D) none of the above 8) Which of the following elements are fourth period metalloids? A) Si and Ge B) Ge and As 9) Which of the following is an alkali metal? A) Al B) Fe 10) How many valence electrons does the representative element with the electron configuration 1s2 ...
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism
... to the site of the electron transport chain. • Brain and muscle cells employ a transport mechanism that passes electrons from cytoplasmic NADH through the membrane to FAD molecules inside the mitochondria, forming FADH2. This cytoplasmic NADH generates 1.5 molecules of ATP. • Liver, heart, and kidne ...
... to the site of the electron transport chain. • Brain and muscle cells employ a transport mechanism that passes electrons from cytoplasmic NADH through the membrane to FAD molecules inside the mitochondria, forming FADH2. This cytoplasmic NADH generates 1.5 molecules of ATP. • Liver, heart, and kidne ...
1. Fatty acids are broken down by the ß
... The pentose phosphate pathway provides reducing equivalents to oppose the action of oxygen radicals. ...
... The pentose phosphate pathway provides reducing equivalents to oppose the action of oxygen radicals. ...
Calvin Cycle
... Plants designated C4 have one cell type in which phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is carboxylated via the enzyme PEP Carboxylase, to yield the 4-C oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is converted to other 4-C intermediates that are transported to cells active in photosynthesis, where CO2 is released by decarboxyl ...
... Plants designated C4 have one cell type in which phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is carboxylated via the enzyme PEP Carboxylase, to yield the 4-C oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is converted to other 4-C intermediates that are transported to cells active in photosynthesis, where CO2 is released by decarboxyl ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM
... 2. The chemical reactions in CR must occur in a particular sequence, with each reaction being catalyzed by a different (specific) enzyme. There are three major series of reactions: a. glycolysis b. citric acid cycle c. electron transport chain 3. Some enzymes are present in the cell’s cytoplasm, so ...
... 2. The chemical reactions in CR must occur in a particular sequence, with each reaction being catalyzed by a different (specific) enzyme. There are three major series of reactions: a. glycolysis b. citric acid cycle c. electron transport chain 3. Some enzymes are present in the cell’s cytoplasm, so ...
ATP ENERGY PRODUCTION
... diffuses into the matrix of the mitochondria. • A complex cyclical series of reactions now occurs. • During the cycle three important things happen: 1.carbon dioxide is formed. 2.oxidation takes place-hydrogen is removed from the compound. 3.Sufficient energy is released to synthesis 2 molecules of ...
... diffuses into the matrix of the mitochondria. • A complex cyclical series of reactions now occurs. • During the cycle three important things happen: 1.carbon dioxide is formed. 2.oxidation takes place-hydrogen is removed from the compound. 3.Sufficient energy is released to synthesis 2 molecules of ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)