Biochem 330 Fall 2011 Problem Set II Enzyme Catalysis, Glycolysis
... substrate under particular cellular conditions. Underline the correct word in parentheses in each of the sentences below and choose one enzyme we have studied for which the statement is true. a) Km/S values (greater or less) than one mean that the enzyme is working at full speed and that the rate of ...
... substrate under particular cellular conditions. Underline the correct word in parentheses in each of the sentences below and choose one enzyme we have studied for which the statement is true. a) Km/S values (greater or less) than one mean that the enzyme is working at full speed and that the rate of ...
Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
... VI. The Glyoxylate Cycle of Plants, Yeast and Bacteria Plants, fungi, algae, protozoans and bacteria can thrive on two carbon compounds such as acetate, ethanol and acetyl-CoA, as their sole carbon source. In the citric acid cycle, we have seen how acetyl-CoA is oxidized into 2 molecules of CO2 to g ...
... VI. The Glyoxylate Cycle of Plants, Yeast and Bacteria Plants, fungi, algae, protozoans and bacteria can thrive on two carbon compounds such as acetate, ethanol and acetyl-CoA, as their sole carbon source. In the citric acid cycle, we have seen how acetyl-CoA is oxidized into 2 molecules of CO2 to g ...
Organic Molecules and Water 1. In most animal cells, a complex
... carbon and oxygen atoms bonded to a backbone structure. This backbone structure is often glycerol. Fats are important because they are a major source of energy. Since they contain even more carbon-hydrogen bonds than carbohydrates, fatty tissue has the ability to store energy for extended periods of ...
... carbon and oxygen atoms bonded to a backbone structure. This backbone structure is often glycerol. Fats are important because they are a major source of energy. Since they contain even more carbon-hydrogen bonds than carbohydrates, fatty tissue has the ability to store energy for extended periods of ...
PPT CH 22
... • Process is also called oxidative phosphorylation as energy from oxidative reactions is used to phosphorylate ADP making ATP • Performed by enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix • Three oxidations transfer hydride to NAD+ or FAD • Electrons passed from NAD+ or FAD to the electron transport chain and ...
... • Process is also called oxidative phosphorylation as energy from oxidative reactions is used to phosphorylate ADP making ATP • Performed by enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix • Three oxidations transfer hydride to NAD+ or FAD • Electrons passed from NAD+ or FAD to the electron transport chain and ...
Alcohol Metabolism - Jessica Leary Nutrition Portfolio
... What is Alcohol? Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is the common alcohol that will make one intoxicated when ingested. This is the chemical this is found in beer, wine, and liquor. ...
... What is Alcohol? Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is the common alcohol that will make one intoxicated when ingested. This is the chemical this is found in beer, wine, and liquor. ...
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism
... acetyl CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O 2CO2 + CoA-S-H + 3NADH + 2H+ + FADH2 + GTP Some important features of the citric acid cycle: 1. Acetyl CoA is the fuel of the citric acid cycle. 2. The operation of the cycle requires a supply of the oxidizing agents NAD+ and FAD from the electron transpo ...
... acetyl CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O 2CO2 + CoA-S-H + 3NADH + 2H+ + FADH2 + GTP Some important features of the citric acid cycle: 1. Acetyl CoA is the fuel of the citric acid cycle. 2. The operation of the cycle requires a supply of the oxidizing agents NAD+ and FAD from the electron transpo ...
Chapter 14 Review Question Answers
... in the formation of the reactive o-quinones from these catechols). Thus, the two possible reactive metabolites are the arene-oxide and the o-quinone shown in Figure 3 of this paper. ...
... in the formation of the reactive o-quinones from these catechols). Thus, the two possible reactive metabolites are the arene-oxide and the o-quinone shown in Figure 3 of this paper. ...
Cellular Respiration
... B. NADH reduces pyruvate to lactic acid C. NADH oxidizes glucose to lactic acid D. NAD+ reduces pyruvate to ethanol E. NADH reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol 8- The step in cellular respiration in which most of covalent bonds from the the glucose molecule are oxidized: A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. ...
... B. NADH reduces pyruvate to lactic acid C. NADH oxidizes glucose to lactic acid D. NAD+ reduces pyruvate to ethanol E. NADH reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol 8- The step in cellular respiration in which most of covalent bonds from the the glucose molecule are oxidized: A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. ...
Slides
... N2 fixation Two types of biological N fixation 1. Free-living bacteria 2. Symbiotic N fixers. E.g. legume-Rhizobium ...
... N2 fixation Two types of biological N fixation 1. Free-living bacteria 2. Symbiotic N fixers. E.g. legume-Rhizobium ...
The Citric acid cycle (2)
... – So, components of the cycle have a direct or indirect controlling effects in key enzymes of other pathways. ...
... – So, components of the cycle have a direct or indirect controlling effects in key enzymes of other pathways. ...
4/14/2014 1 The Role of Nitrogen in Yeast Metabolism
... Ammonia or amino acid additions not matched to fruit composition may lead to the appearance of a high yeast ester signature Nitrogen requirements vary by strain Nitrogen requirements higher for high Brix juices Nitrogen requirements higher for stressed juices ...
... Ammonia or amino acid additions not matched to fruit composition may lead to the appearance of a high yeast ester signature Nitrogen requirements vary by strain Nitrogen requirements higher for high Brix juices Nitrogen requirements higher for stressed juices ...
Impact of Nutrients on Saccharomyces Aroma Compounds
... Ammonia or amino acid additions not matched to fruit composition may lead to the appearance of a high yeast ester signature Nitrogen requirements vary by strain Nitrogen requirements higher for high Brix juices Nitrogen requirements higher for stressed juices ...
... Ammonia or amino acid additions not matched to fruit composition may lead to the appearance of a high yeast ester signature Nitrogen requirements vary by strain Nitrogen requirements higher for high Brix juices Nitrogen requirements higher for stressed juices ...
CHAPTER 6
... Foods are oxidized to CO2 and H2O The formation of ATP Reduce NADP+ to NADPH The intermediates serve as substrates for anabolism Glycolysis The citric acid cycle Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation Pentose phosphate pathway Fatty acid oxidation ...
... Foods are oxidized to CO2 and H2O The formation of ATP Reduce NADP+ to NADPH The intermediates serve as substrates for anabolism Glycolysis The citric acid cycle Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation Pentose phosphate pathway Fatty acid oxidation ...
Generation of ATP during Cytochrome-linked
... NAD-independent glycerol I -phosphate dehydrogenase which is closely linked to cytochrome b. Glycerol I-phosphate dehydrogenase uses fumarate as a final hydrogen acceptor. The enzyme system catalysing fumarate reduction with glycerol I-phosphate as a hydrogen donor, is membrane bound and is strongly ...
... NAD-independent glycerol I -phosphate dehydrogenase which is closely linked to cytochrome b. Glycerol I-phosphate dehydrogenase uses fumarate as a final hydrogen acceptor. The enzyme system catalysing fumarate reduction with glycerol I-phosphate as a hydrogen donor, is membrane bound and is strongly ...
Lecture 2 – Week 7 Control of Microbial Growth
... • Slant reverts to alkaline (red) due to oxidation of the fermentation products under aerobic conditions on the slant results in: • CO2 and H20 and the oxidation of peptones in the medium to alkaline amines • Slant reverts back to yellow • This means that the fermentation of lactose and/or sucrose h ...
... • Slant reverts to alkaline (red) due to oxidation of the fermentation products under aerobic conditions on the slant results in: • CO2 and H20 and the oxidation of peptones in the medium to alkaline amines • Slant reverts back to yellow • This means that the fermentation of lactose and/or sucrose h ...
Redox Introduction
... Since there is no change in the charge of these ions in the reaction, there are no electron changes. This reaction is not an oxidation-reduction reaction. The production of a (BaS04) is nearly always a result of a non-redox reaction. Most acid-base reactions are also the non-redox type. Since nearly ...
... Since there is no change in the charge of these ions in the reaction, there are no electron changes. This reaction is not an oxidation-reduction reaction. The production of a (BaS04) is nearly always a result of a non-redox reaction. Most acid-base reactions are also the non-redox type. Since nearly ...
AP Biology Chapter 9.2016
... • The purpose of the fermentation pathway is to release some NAD+ for use by glycolysis. • The reward for this effort is only 2 ATP. Not much, but better than cell death. ...
... • The purpose of the fermentation pathway is to release some NAD+ for use by glycolysis. • The reward for this effort is only 2 ATP. Not much, but better than cell death. ...
Essay Prompt #1 - Cloudfront.net
... affects the process of diffusion through a membrane _______________________ Max possible = 14 * No points if the lab will not work. **Osmosis: the diffusion of water through a selectively (semi)permeable membrane in the following directions: -from higher water potential toward lower water potential ...
... affects the process of diffusion through a membrane _______________________ Max possible = 14 * No points if the lab will not work. **Osmosis: the diffusion of water through a selectively (semi)permeable membrane in the following directions: -from higher water potential toward lower water potential ...
Lecture 22 – New HW assignment – Anaerobic metabolism (continued) – Other sugars
... Converted to F6P by two-step pathway 1. Hexokinase converts mannose to mannose-6phosphate 2. Phosphomannose isomerase converts the aldose to ketose F6P. (the mechanism is similar to phosphoglucose isomerase with an enediolate ...
... Converted to F6P by two-step pathway 1. Hexokinase converts mannose to mannose-6phosphate 2. Phosphomannose isomerase converts the aldose to ketose F6P. (the mechanism is similar to phosphoglucose isomerase with an enediolate ...
OGT Reivew3 - HensonsBiologyPage
... molecules to one pyruvic acid and 2 ATP 2. Glycolysis converts two glucose molecules to two pyruvic acids and 2 ATP 3. Glycolysis converts one glucose molecule to two pyruvic acid and 1 ATP 4. Glycolysis converts one glucose to two pyruvic acid and two ATP ...
... molecules to one pyruvic acid and 2 ATP 2. Glycolysis converts two glucose molecules to two pyruvic acids and 2 ATP 3. Glycolysis converts one glucose molecule to two pyruvic acid and 1 ATP 4. Glycolysis converts one glucose to two pyruvic acid and two ATP ...
10B-Oxidation and Ketone bodies
... 2-intermediates of F.A synthesis are covalently linked to -SH group of ACP, at higher organism single polypeptide called fatty acid synthase. (while in F.A degradation are bonded to CoA) 3-the growing F.A is elongated by sequential addition of 2-carbon units. 4-the reductant in fatty acid synthesis ...
... 2-intermediates of F.A synthesis are covalently linked to -SH group of ACP, at higher organism single polypeptide called fatty acid synthase. (while in F.A degradation are bonded to CoA) 3-the growing F.A is elongated by sequential addition of 2-carbon units. 4-the reductant in fatty acid synthesis ...
Respiration: ATP - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... of a cell. After many steps, the 6-carbon (hexose) glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate, each with three carbon atoms. Energy from ATP is needed in the first two steps, called phosphorylation, but energy that can be used to make ATP is released in the later stages. Glycolysis is summa ...
... of a cell. After many steps, the 6-carbon (hexose) glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate, each with three carbon atoms. Energy from ATP is needed in the first two steps, called phosphorylation, but energy that can be used to make ATP is released in the later stages. Glycolysis is summa ...
121°C
... 3. What is MIC? How does it correlate with antimicrobial activity of an inhibitor? 4. Memorize the common food spoilage organisms covered in class. 5. Know what pasteurization is and what types of foods are pasteurized. 6. Memorize the food preservation methods and examples presented in class. 7. Wh ...
... 3. What is MIC? How does it correlate with antimicrobial activity of an inhibitor? 4. Memorize the common food spoilage organisms covered in class. 5. Know what pasteurization is and what types of foods are pasteurized. 6. Memorize the food preservation methods and examples presented in class. 7. Wh ...
Biochemistry
... • Reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates using NADPH and ATP produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis ...
... • Reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates using NADPH and ATP produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)