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Chapter 2 3EPchanges
Chapter 2 3EPchanges

video slide - Northwest Florida State College
video slide - Northwest Florida State College

... 2. Beginning is the same as cellular respiration a) Glycolysis changes glucose to pyruvate b) Pyruvate is then used to accept e from NADH 1) This free NAD+ so it can go back and produce more ATP in glycolysis. B. Types of Fermentation ...
Ch2
Ch2

... • Energy substrate for prolonged, less intense exercise – High net ATP yield but slow ATP production – Must be broken down into free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol – Only FFAs are used to make ATP ...
Chapter 26
Chapter 26

... • Purpose is to oxidize NADH & FADH2, transfer their energy to ATP and regenerate them • Reactions carried out by series of compounds attached to inner mitochondrial membrane called electron transport chain – FMN is derivative of riboflavin, iron-sulfur centers, Coenzyme Q, Copper ions bound to memb ...
document
document

... Acetyl CoA stokes ...
Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy
Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

... • Glycolysis operates in the presence or absence of O2. • Under aerobic conditions, cellular respiration continues the breakdown process. ...
Chapter 29 Biosynthetic Pathways 308 29.1 Your text states in
Chapter 29 Biosynthetic Pathways 308 29.1 Your text states in

Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis 1 2 3 4
Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis 1 2 3 4

... Pyruvic acid is more oxidized than glucose The energy released from the oxidation is used to create 2 molecules of ATP from 2 ADP and 2 Pi This is an anaerobic process. Under anaerobic conditions the pyruvic acid can be fermented to lactic acid or to ethanol plus CO2. Under aerobic conditions, gluco ...
Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

... Pyruvic acid is more oxidized than glucose The energy released from the oxidation is used to create 2 molecules of ATP from 2 ADP and 2 Pi This is an anaerobic process. Under anaerobic conditions the pyruvic acid can be fermented to lactic acid or to ethanol plus CO2. Under aerobic conditions, gluco ...
slides
slides

... Conversion of ADP to ATP by light energy eADP ...
File
File

... Alcohol molecules are covalent by nature. However, they contain the strongly polar O-H bond. Alcohol structure consists of alcohol molecules held together by a combination of weak Van-der-Waals forces and stronger hydrogen bonds. This has significant effects on the physical properties of alcohols. B ...
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

... 24) These three steps result in the formation of A) acetyl CoA, O2, and ATP. B) acetyl CoA, FADH2, and CO2. C) acetyl CoA, FAD, H2, and CO2. D) acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2. E) acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO2. Answer: D Topic: Concept 9.3 Skill: Application/Analysis 25) Why is coenzyme A, a sulfur c ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... Maximum ATP Yield for Cellular Respiration (Eukaryotes) ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... Maximum ATP Yield for Cellular Respiration (Eukaryotes) ...
2.8 Respiration
2.8 Respiration

... ATP. • ATP from cell respiration is immediately available as a source of energy in the cell. • Anaerobic cell respiration gives a small yield of ATP from glucose. • Aerobic cell respiration requires oxygen and gives a large yield of ATP from glucose. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishi ...
Chapter 26
Chapter 26

... • Purpose is to oxidize NADH & FADH2, transfer their energy to ATP and regenerate them • Reactions carried out by series of compounds attached to inner mitochondrial membrane called electron transport chain – FMN is derivative of riboflavin, iron-sulfur centers, Coenzyme Q, Copper ions bound to memb ...
Chapter 26
Chapter 26

... • Purpose is to oxidize NADH & FADH2, transfer their energy to ATP and regenerate them • Reactions carried out by series of compounds attached to inner mitochondrial membrane called electron transport chain – FMN is derivative of riboflavin, iron-sulfur centers, Coenzyme Q, Copper ions bound to memb ...
Chapter 4 Outline
Chapter 4 Outline

... b. When the bond breaks, chemical energy is released. c. This release of chemical energy is termed oxidation. d. The released chemical energy can then be used by the cell for anabolism. 2. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by: ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM

... b. When the bond breaks, chemical energy is released. c. This release of chemical energy is termed oxidation. d. The released chemical energy can then be used by the cell for anabolism. 2. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by: ...
Qsp Ksp Qsp > Ksp
Qsp Ksp Qsp > Ksp

... Oxidation Reduction Reactions a. Oxidation is loss of electrons (acts as a reducing agent) b.Reduction is gain of electrons (acts as a oxidizing agent) Assigning Oxidation numbers c. Oxidation number is 0 for atoms in an element. d.The sum of all oxidation numbers in a molecule or ion must add up to ...
Reading for Nitrogen Cycle Station
Reading for Nitrogen Cycle Station

Chapter Assessment
Chapter Assessment

... • Everything – whether it is a rock, frog, or flower – is made of substances called elements. ...
Chapter 6 Slides
Chapter 6 Slides

...  ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which – an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and – ATP is formed. ...
Origin of life - River Dell Regional School District
Origin of life - River Dell Regional School District

... – In all living cells such molecules are contained within some kind of enclosing membrane – Chemists have shown that if water containing proteins and lipids is agitated to simulate waves beating against ancient shores, the proteins and lipids combine to form hollow vesicles © 2014 Pearson Education, ...
Week 03 Lecture notes
Week 03 Lecture notes

... Alternative to Krebs cycle that occurs in absence of oxygen  Does not require mitochondria • bacteria carryout more than a dozen kinds of fermentation • eukaryotic cells are capable of only a few types of fermentation ...
< 1 ... 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 ... 389 >

Microbial metabolism



Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)
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