"Central Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism". In: Microbial
... in lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus), pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Other microorganisms that use the EMP pathway have the capacity to convert pyruvate to a wide variety of other fermentation end products. These fermentation pathways are discussed in more detail in C ...
... in lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus), pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Other microorganisms that use the EMP pathway have the capacity to convert pyruvate to a wide variety of other fermentation end products. These fermentation pathways are discussed in more detail in C ...
Review session for exam-I
... to pyruvate in the glycolytic pathway, ___ molecules of ATP are used initially (Phase I) and ____ molecules of ATP are produced (Phase II) for an overall yield of ___ molecules of ATP/glucose. The "ATP math" is: ...
... to pyruvate in the glycolytic pathway, ___ molecules of ATP are used initially (Phase I) and ____ molecules of ATP are produced (Phase II) for an overall yield of ___ molecules of ATP/glucose. The "ATP math" is: ...
Key enzymes in glycolysis
... 2- Provide intermediates for other metabolic pathways. It occurs in cytosols of all tissues All sugars can be converted to glucose & thus can be metabolized by glycolysis. ...
... 2- Provide intermediates for other metabolic pathways. It occurs in cytosols of all tissues All sugars can be converted to glucose & thus can be metabolized by glycolysis. ...
Glycolysis
... 2- Provide intermediates for other metabolic pathways. It occurs in cytosols of all tissues All sugars can be converted to glucose & thus can be metabolized by glycolysis. ...
... 2- Provide intermediates for other metabolic pathways. It occurs in cytosols of all tissues All sugars can be converted to glucose & thus can be metabolized by glycolysis. ...
4.6 Fermentation
... seconds of intense activity 2. Then cells rely on lactic acid fermentation (can supply for about 90 seconds) 3. Lactic acid build-up causes burning in muscles. Only way to get rid of lactic acid is chemical pathway that requires oxygen (why you breathe heavy after heavy excercise.) ...
... seconds of intense activity 2. Then cells rely on lactic acid fermentation (can supply for about 90 seconds) 3. Lactic acid build-up causes burning in muscles. Only way to get rid of lactic acid is chemical pathway that requires oxygen (why you breathe heavy after heavy excercise.) ...
Relation between Energy Production and Growth of
... It is known that at neutral pH value the fermentation of glucose by Aerobacter aerogenes closely resembles that of Escherichia coli (Mickelson & Werkman, 1938). The main fermentation products are then acetate, ethanol, formate and lactate. In this type of fermentation, pyruvate is decomposed by a th ...
... It is known that at neutral pH value the fermentation of glucose by Aerobacter aerogenes closely resembles that of Escherichia coli (Mickelson & Werkman, 1938). The main fermentation products are then acetate, ethanol, formate and lactate. In this type of fermentation, pyruvate is decomposed by a th ...
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology
... in a wide range of climates. The climate, soils, plants, and animals in one part of the world can be very different from those same factors in other parts of the world. Living things are affected by both the physical or nonliving environment and by other living things. ...
... in a wide range of climates. The climate, soils, plants, and animals in one part of the world can be very different from those same factors in other parts of the world. Living things are affected by both the physical or nonliving environment and by other living things. ...
Document
... Fermentation and Aerobic Respiration Compared • Both processes use glycolysis to oxidize glucose and other organic fuels to pyruvate • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration • Cellu ...
... Fermentation and Aerobic Respiration Compared • Both processes use glycolysis to oxidize glucose and other organic fuels to pyruvate • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration • Cellu ...
Nobel Prizes 1907 Eduard Buchner, cell
... of the thioester bondmuch energy;citrate synthase conformational change binding with oxalo;the only SLP in cycle:succinyl-CoA synthetase(his residue in map);succinate dehynase(A flavoprotein with FAD,3 Fe-S centers;only integral mem pro for CAC, Malonate(丙二酸) is a strong competitive inhibitor)Fumar ...
... of the thioester bondmuch energy;citrate synthase conformational change binding with oxalo;the only SLP in cycle:succinyl-CoA synthetase(his residue in map);succinate dehynase(A flavoprotein with FAD,3 Fe-S centers;only integral mem pro for CAC, Malonate(丙二酸) is a strong competitive inhibitor)Fumar ...
2007 Exam 3 1. The goal of the oxidative phase of the pentose
... b. metabolite that can enter the glycolytic pathway and produce PEP for glucose synthesis. c. is the reduced form of acetyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons. d. a reduced intermediate of the TCA cycle that is formed during when NADH levels are very h ...
... b. metabolite that can enter the glycolytic pathway and produce PEP for glucose synthesis. c. is the reduced form of acetyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons. d. a reduced intermediate of the TCA cycle that is formed during when NADH levels are very h ...
ATP - Mhanafi123`s Blog
... respiratory chain. NADH will reduces Pyruvate, and Lactate is the final product of Glycolysis. NAD+ is ready as coenzyme for Glyceraldehyde ...
... respiratory chain. NADH will reduces Pyruvate, and Lactate is the final product of Glycolysis. NAD+ is ready as coenzyme for Glyceraldehyde ...
ENERGY-PRODUCING ABILITY OF BACTERIA
... by the electron carriers helps create a proton gradient and a membrane potential. These are subsequently trapped as chemical energy in the form of ATP. Bacteriorhodopsin is both a light harvesting complex and a proton pump. Upon absorption of light, it produces a proton gradient that drives the synt ...
... by the electron carriers helps create a proton gradient and a membrane potential. These are subsequently trapped as chemical energy in the form of ATP. Bacteriorhodopsin is both a light harvesting complex and a proton pump. Upon absorption of light, it produces a proton gradient that drives the synt ...
Energy Systems
... exercise when oxygen demand is greater than oxygen supply High rates of ATP production by glycolysis cannot be sustained for very long (40-60 sec.) Low muscle pH is associated with hydrogen ion concentration and lactate formation High acidity is believed to contributes to the acute muscular discomfo ...
... exercise when oxygen demand is greater than oxygen supply High rates of ATP production by glycolysis cannot be sustained for very long (40-60 sec.) Low muscle pH is associated with hydrogen ion concentration and lactate formation High acidity is believed to contributes to the acute muscular discomfo ...
b-oxidation - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... • b-oxidation occurs pretty much as w/ even chain fatty acids until the final thiolase cleavage which results in a 3 carbon acyl-CoA (propionyl-CoA) • Special set of 3 enzymes are required to further oxidize propionyl-CoA • Final Product succinyl-CoA enters ...
... • b-oxidation occurs pretty much as w/ even chain fatty acids until the final thiolase cleavage which results in a 3 carbon acyl-CoA (propionyl-CoA) • Special set of 3 enzymes are required to further oxidize propionyl-CoA • Final Product succinyl-CoA enters ...
Met1 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... exercise at previous level of activity after brief rest - switching to utilization of fatty acids). between attacks, muscle strength, diagnostic test results are normal (may become abnormal with advancing age). ...
... exercise at previous level of activity after brief rest - switching to utilization of fatty acids). between attacks, muscle strength, diagnostic test results are normal (may become abnormal with advancing age). ...
Review Questions for Advanced Biochemistry Course
... B. The production of oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase is one of several anaplerotic reactions for the TCA cycle C. Succinyl CoA is used to create a neurotransmitter in the brain D. Pyruvate dehydrogenase helps convert pyruvate into malate E. Pyruvate carboxylase is only found in RBCs 32. Which o ...
... B. The production of oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase is one of several anaplerotic reactions for the TCA cycle C. Succinyl CoA is used to create a neurotransmitter in the brain D. Pyruvate dehydrogenase helps convert pyruvate into malate E. Pyruvate carboxylase is only found in RBCs 32. Which o ...
SN4 Summer 2006 Quetsion 4
... (b) Bacteria were grown on an agar plate and incubated with four different antibiotics. The antibiotics were placed on paper discs. The resulting plate is shown in the diagram below. ...
... (b) Bacteria were grown on an agar plate and incubated with four different antibiotics. The antibiotics were placed on paper discs. The resulting plate is shown in the diagram below. ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)