Honors Marine Biology Module 9 Intertidal Zones
... • Even though this zone is small, it has the greatest variation of environmental factors as compared to any other marine ecosystem. • There are even several differences within a single square meter containing huge diversities of life. ...
... • Even though this zone is small, it has the greatest variation of environmental factors as compared to any other marine ecosystem. • There are even several differences within a single square meter containing huge diversities of life. ...
Photosynthesis Light-Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle
... Adaptive Value: • Photosynthesizes faster than C3 plants under high light intensity and high temperatures • Has better Water Use Efficiency because they do not need to keep stomata open as much (less water lost by transpiration) • C4 plants include several thousand species in at least 19 plant famil ...
... Adaptive Value: • Photosynthesizes faster than C3 plants under high light intensity and high temperatures • Has better Water Use Efficiency because they do not need to keep stomata open as much (less water lost by transpiration) • C4 plants include several thousand species in at least 19 plant famil ...
Cell Respiration
... Strictly speaking cell respiration only includes steps 2 & 3 however the so many cells use the products of glycolysis to feed the Citric acid cycle, glycolysis is often included loosely in cell respiration The ETC and chemiosmosis takes place in plasma membrane of bacteria ...
... Strictly speaking cell respiration only includes steps 2 & 3 however the so many cells use the products of glycolysis to feed the Citric acid cycle, glycolysis is often included loosely in cell respiration The ETC and chemiosmosis takes place in plasma membrane of bacteria ...
Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
... Step 3. In step three, isocitrate is oxidized, producing a ve-carbon molecule, α-ketoglutarate, together with a molecule of CO2 and two electrons, which reduce NAD+ to NADH. This step is also regulated by negative feedback from ATP and NADH, and a positive eect of ADP. Steps 3 and 4. Steps three a ...
... Step 3. In step three, isocitrate is oxidized, producing a ve-carbon molecule, α-ketoglutarate, together with a molecule of CO2 and two electrons, which reduce NAD+ to NADH. This step is also regulated by negative feedback from ATP and NADH, and a positive eect of ADP. Steps 3 and 4. Steps three a ...
Document
... Hydrolysis of Succinyl CoA - Energy from hydrolysis of succinyl CoA is used to add a phosphate group (Pi) to GDP (guanosine diphosphate). - Phosphate group (Pi) add to ADP to produce ATP. ...
... Hydrolysis of Succinyl CoA - Energy from hydrolysis of succinyl CoA is used to add a phosphate group (Pi) to GDP (guanosine diphosphate). - Phosphate group (Pi) add to ADP to produce ATP. ...
PPT slides - USD Biology
... acids into the Krebs cycle Note that different amino acids enter as different Krebs cycle intermediates. ...
... acids into the Krebs cycle Note that different amino acids enter as different Krebs cycle intermediates. ...
Biomolecules
... Proteolysis, amino acid pool, metabolic flow of amino acid nitrogen, fate of carbon skeletons, biosynthesis of other amino acid-derived compounds, heme metabolism. Nucleotide metabolism Synthesis of purine and pymiridine nucleotides Degradation of purines and pyrimidines, inhibition of purine and py ...
... Proteolysis, amino acid pool, metabolic flow of amino acid nitrogen, fate of carbon skeletons, biosynthesis of other amino acid-derived compounds, heme metabolism. Nucleotide metabolism Synthesis of purine and pymiridine nucleotides Degradation of purines and pyrimidines, inhibition of purine and py ...
Competition for Electrons
... track of electrons based on the arbitrary assumption that shared electrons belong to the more electronegative element n Rules for assigning oxidation numbers q Oxidation numbers for atoms that are free elements are always zero q The oxidation numbers of ions are the same as the charge on the ion q S ...
... track of electrons based on the arbitrary assumption that shared electrons belong to the more electronegative element n Rules for assigning oxidation numbers q Oxidation numbers for atoms that are free elements are always zero q The oxidation numbers of ions are the same as the charge on the ion q S ...
Toxicology I
... • Pyruvate is changed to acetate (acetyl-CoA) and sent to the Krebs Cycle. • The Krebs Cycle strips hydrogen and electrons off acetate and feeds them into the electron transport chain. • Movement of electrons down the transport chain releases energy which is trapped as ATP. • At the end of the chain ...
... • Pyruvate is changed to acetate (acetyl-CoA) and sent to the Krebs Cycle. • The Krebs Cycle strips hydrogen and electrons off acetate and feeds them into the electron transport chain. • Movement of electrons down the transport chain releases energy which is trapped as ATP. • At the end of the chain ...
Slide 1
... oxidize 2-oxoglutarate to malate, in the process generating reducing power and succinyl-CoA, an essential precursor for heme biosynthesis (blue in figure) The fact that two labeled forms are observed for malate and fumarate but no other TCA intermediates during growth on 13C-15N-glutamine suggests ...
... oxidize 2-oxoglutarate to malate, in the process generating reducing power and succinyl-CoA, an essential precursor for heme biosynthesis (blue in figure) The fact that two labeled forms are observed for malate and fumarate but no other TCA intermediates during growth on 13C-15N-glutamine suggests ...
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... being broken down into pyruvate during glycolysis. Glycolysis is the first biochemical pathway of cellular respiration. This Khan Academy video describes how the pyruvate produced in glycolysis undergoes oxidation to produce Acetyl CoA. The video then explains what occurs when Acetyl CoA enters the ...
... being broken down into pyruvate during glycolysis. Glycolysis is the first biochemical pathway of cellular respiration. This Khan Academy video describes how the pyruvate produced in glycolysis undergoes oxidation to produce Acetyl CoA. The video then explains what occurs when Acetyl CoA enters the ...
Non-meat ingredients 8. Sweeteners a. sucrose (cane sugar)
... – must reach pH 5.3 in less than 1200 degree-hours if less than 90oF, 1000 degree-hours if between 90 - 100oF and 900 degree-hours if over 100oF – degree-hours is time at temperatures above 60oF – some fermentations are done at 75 - 80oF (European-style) and may take several days --- believed to res ...
... – must reach pH 5.3 in less than 1200 degree-hours if less than 90oF, 1000 degree-hours if between 90 - 100oF and 900 degree-hours if over 100oF – degree-hours is time at temperatures above 60oF – some fermentations are done at 75 - 80oF (European-style) and may take several days --- believed to res ...
Life Science - Standards Aligned System
... and functioning. All organisms are made of How do organisms live, grow, cells and can be respond to their environment, characterized by common and reproduce? ...
... and functioning. All organisms are made of How do organisms live, grow, cells and can be respond to their environment, characterized by common and reproduce? ...
Ecological speciation model
... PEP + ADP -> pyruvate + ATP 2 CO2 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP -> 3 phosphoglycerate + ATP 2 acetaldehyde H3C C O H Net ATP 2 NADH use 2 ATP make 4 ATP ...
... PEP + ADP -> pyruvate + ATP 2 CO2 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP -> 3 phosphoglycerate + ATP 2 acetaldehyde H3C C O H Net ATP 2 NADH use 2 ATP make 4 ATP ...
The Process of Cellular Respiration
... Once inside the matrix, 1 carbon atom from pyruvic acid becomes part of a molecule of carbon dioxide, which is eventually released into the air. The other 2 carbon atoms from pyruvic acid rearrange and form acetic acid, which is joined to a compound called coenzyme A. The resulting molecule is calle ...
... Once inside the matrix, 1 carbon atom from pyruvic acid becomes part of a molecule of carbon dioxide, which is eventually released into the air. The other 2 carbon atoms from pyruvic acid rearrange and form acetic acid, which is joined to a compound called coenzyme A. The resulting molecule is calle ...
Life Science Middle School
... and functioning. All organisms are made of How do organisms live, grow, cells and can be respond to their environment, characterized by common and reproduce? ...
... and functioning. All organisms are made of How do organisms live, grow, cells and can be respond to their environment, characterized by common and reproduce? ...
Tobacco`s solar power plant - Max-Planck
... include the deep, dark layers of oceans and lakes, have just such antennae. With their chlorosomes, they operate the most efficient solar power plants found in nature: they convert 10 percent of the light energy into chemical energy, namely sugar. That’s why Alfred R. Holzwarth and his research grou ...
... include the deep, dark layers of oceans and lakes, have just such antennae. With their chlorosomes, they operate the most efficient solar power plants found in nature: they convert 10 percent of the light energy into chemical energy, namely sugar. That’s why Alfred R. Holzwarth and his research grou ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)