13-Krebs cycle
... through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochem ...
... through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochem ...
cellular respiration
... ADP to+ form reduced to NADH H+ toATP. produce 5C •The first reaction, is removed. 4C water ...
... ADP to+ form reduced to NADH H+ toATP. produce 5C •The first reaction, is removed. 4C water ...
Disruption of bacterial quorum sensing by other organisms
... Quorum sensing signal-mimics It was the applied search for compounds capable of preventing or disrupting bacterial biofilm formation and the subsequent ‘fouling’ of ships and nets in marine waters that led to the discovery of the first QS ‘signal-mimic’ compounds. The marine red alga Delisea pulchra ...
... Quorum sensing signal-mimics It was the applied search for compounds capable of preventing or disrupting bacterial biofilm formation and the subsequent ‘fouling’ of ships and nets in marine waters that led to the discovery of the first QS ‘signal-mimic’ compounds. The marine red alga Delisea pulchra ...
Enzymes & Photosynthesis
... • The quantities are mind boggling. A hectare (e.g. a field 100 m by 100 m) of wheat can convert as much as 10,000 kg of carbon from carbon dioxide into the carbon of sugar in a year, giving a total yield of 25,000 kg of sugar per year. • There is a total of 7000 x 109 tonnes of carbon dioxide in t ...
... • The quantities are mind boggling. A hectare (e.g. a field 100 m by 100 m) of wheat can convert as much as 10,000 kg of carbon from carbon dioxide into the carbon of sugar in a year, giving a total yield of 25,000 kg of sugar per year. • There is a total of 7000 x 109 tonnes of carbon dioxide in t ...
Bil 255 – CMB
... 1. oxidation of COOH end of free fatty acid 2. transport of fatty acyl-coA into mitoplasm 3. oxidation of 2 carbon fragments as AcoA ...
... 1. oxidation of COOH end of free fatty acid 2. transport of fatty acyl-coA into mitoplasm 3. oxidation of 2 carbon fragments as AcoA ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... Although the heterotrophic growth rate of both organisms was considerably slower than that obtained under phototrophic conditions, there were only minor alterations in the activities of enzymes involved in sugar and carboxylic acid metabolism (Table I). Desalting of the extracts of Aphanocapsa 6714 ...
... Although the heterotrophic growth rate of both organisms was considerably slower than that obtained under phototrophic conditions, there were only minor alterations in the activities of enzymes involved in sugar and carboxylic acid metabolism (Table I). Desalting of the extracts of Aphanocapsa 6714 ...
Krebs Cycle - ScienceFolks
... Recall that glycolysis, stage I of cellular respiration, produces two molecules of pyruvate. These molecules enter the matrix of a mitochondrion, where they start the Krebs cycle. The reactions that occur next are shown in Figure 1.1. You can watch an animated version at this link: http://www.youtub ...
... Recall that glycolysis, stage I of cellular respiration, produces two molecules of pyruvate. These molecules enter the matrix of a mitochondrion, where they start the Krebs cycle. The reactions that occur next are shown in Figure 1.1. You can watch an animated version at this link: http://www.youtub ...
Name 1 Bio 451 17th November 2000 EXAM III KEY
... setup was included in Handout 12 and one of the links provided in the announcement of this question provided a color illustration of this figure.] In a subsequent report they perfomed a similar experiment in which " 3$3 was linked to a bead via a His tag instead of directly the cover slip, and a low ...
... setup was included in Handout 12 and one of the links provided in the announcement of this question provided a color illustration of this figure.] In a subsequent report they perfomed a similar experiment in which " 3$3 was linked to a bead via a His tag instead of directly the cover slip, and a low ...
Class: X Subject: Biology Topic: Life processes No. of
... Energy is stored in the form of ATP Energy is released and stored in the form of ATP Energy is used up Energy is not released at all ...
... Energy is stored in the form of ATP Energy is released and stored in the form of ATP Energy is used up Energy is not released at all ...
CHAP NUM="9" ID="CH
... the breakdown products of the first two stages (most often via NADH) and passes these electrons from one molecule to another. At the end of the chain, the electrons are combined with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions (H+), forming water (see Figure 9.5b). The energy released at each step of the cha ...
... the breakdown products of the first two stages (most often via NADH) and passes these electrons from one molecule to another. At the end of the chain, the electrons are combined with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions (H+), forming water (see Figure 9.5b). The energy released at each step of the cha ...
Ecosystem 1
... Biotic components: They are living organisms. These are further divided into 5 categories: Producers Consumers Parasites Detrivores and scavengers Decomposers ...
... Biotic components: They are living organisms. These are further divided into 5 categories: Producers Consumers Parasites Detrivores and scavengers Decomposers ...
Option B Rev A
... – Absorbed directly into the portal blood versus lymphatics (more water soluble) • Transported directly to liver following absorption – Do not require a transporter (e.g., carnitine transporter) to enter the mitochondria for oxidation – Metabolized more like a carbohydrate than a fat ...
... – Absorbed directly into the portal blood versus lymphatics (more water soluble) • Transported directly to liver following absorption – Do not require a transporter (e.g., carnitine transporter) to enter the mitochondria for oxidation – Metabolized more like a carbohydrate than a fat ...
Lipid Oxidation - anslab.iastate.edu
... • Can be activated by the addition of energy, and transformed into reactive oxygen species ...
... • Can be activated by the addition of energy, and transformed into reactive oxygen species ...
File - myrnafoxsciencespot
... ** it takes two ATP to transfer the electrons from NADH produced by glycolysis (in the cytoplasm) through the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix. Consequently, the total ATP produced by the aerobic respiration of one glucose is 36. Even the total of 36 ATP per glucose is an average because the c ...
... ** it takes two ATP to transfer the electrons from NADH produced by glycolysis (in the cytoplasm) through the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix. Consequently, the total ATP produced by the aerobic respiration of one glucose is 36. Even the total of 36 ATP per glucose is an average because the c ...
Fermentative degradation of glycolic acid by defined syntrophic
... DNA was 42.9 + 1.0 tool %. The pattern of utilized substrates, formation of acetate as primary fermentation product, and presence of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase at high activity in cell extracts (2.4 ~tmol CO oxidized per rain and mg protein) all indicated that this bacterium was a homoacetogenic ...
... DNA was 42.9 + 1.0 tool %. The pattern of utilized substrates, formation of acetate as primary fermentation product, and presence of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase at high activity in cell extracts (2.4 ~tmol CO oxidized per rain and mg protein) all indicated that this bacterium was a homoacetogenic ...
Bioconversion Technologies
... the remaining stillage (residue non-fermentable solids and water). Distillation is the process in which a liquid or vapor mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity by the application or removal of heat. This process can usually produce a 95.6% by v ...
... the remaining stillage (residue non-fermentable solids and water). Distillation is the process in which a liquid or vapor mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity by the application or removal of heat. This process can usually produce a 95.6% by v ...
Generation of Biochemical Energy
... that move the carbon atom into two carbon acetyl groups. The acetyl groups are attached to coenzyme A by a bond between the sulfur atom of the thiol (-SH) group at the end of coenzyme A and the carbonyl atom of the acetyl group. Acetyl –S Co A is an intermediate in all classes of food molecules. It ...
... that move the carbon atom into two carbon acetyl groups. The acetyl groups are attached to coenzyme A by a bond between the sulfur atom of the thiol (-SH) group at the end of coenzyme A and the carbonyl atom of the acetyl group. Acetyl –S Co A is an intermediate in all classes of food molecules. It ...
ATP
... Only about 1/10th of one percent of the human genome differs from person to person Inborn Errors of Metabolism • Occurs from inheriting a mutation that ...
... Only about 1/10th of one percent of the human genome differs from person to person Inborn Errors of Metabolism • Occurs from inheriting a mutation that ...
1 Respiration efficiency Respiration summary
... Amino acid carbon sources Amino group comes from glutamine, carbon backbones from catabolic intermediates ...
... Amino acid carbon sources Amino group comes from glutamine, carbon backbones from catabolic intermediates ...
Biochemistry 2000 Sample Questions 4 RNA, Lipids, Membranes 1
... (d) A disaccharide building block of the polysaccharide amylose. (5) The transformed, standard free energy change for the formation of glucose-6phosphate from glucose and phosphate is +13.8 kJ/mol. Assuming T=37º C, are there any conditions under which this reaction will occur? If so, quantitatively ...
... (d) A disaccharide building block of the polysaccharide amylose. (5) The transformed, standard free energy change for the formation of glucose-6phosphate from glucose and phosphate is +13.8 kJ/mol. Assuming T=37º C, are there any conditions under which this reaction will occur? If so, quantitatively ...
Bchm2000_P5 - U of L Class Index
... (d) A disaccharide building block of the polysaccharide amylose. (5) The transformed, standard free energy change for the formation of glucose-6phosphate from glucose and phosphate is +13.8 kJ/mol. Assuming T=37º C, are there any conditions under which this reaction will occur? If so, quantitatively ...
... (d) A disaccharide building block of the polysaccharide amylose. (5) The transformed, standard free energy change for the formation of glucose-6phosphate from glucose and phosphate is +13.8 kJ/mol. Assuming T=37º C, are there any conditions under which this reaction will occur? If so, quantitatively ...
Integration of Mammalian Metabolism
... liver (Cori cycle) to regenerate glucose from lactate. •Heart also burns lactate. ...
... liver (Cori cycle) to regenerate glucose from lactate. •Heart also burns lactate. ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)