03-232 Biochemistry Exam III - S2014 Name:________________________
... Carbohydrates: Glucose glycolysis (cytosol) TCA (M. matrix). Amino acids: enter TCA (M. matrix). All carbon from the above processes is released as CO2 in the TCA cycle (+2 pts) ii) Energy from oxidation of carbon is stored on NADH or FADH2 (2 pts) In electron transport, the electrons flow as fol ...
... Carbohydrates: Glucose glycolysis (cytosol) TCA (M. matrix). Amino acids: enter TCA (M. matrix). All carbon from the above processes is released as CO2 in the TCA cycle (+2 pts) ii) Energy from oxidation of carbon is stored on NADH or FADH2 (2 pts) In electron transport, the electrons flow as fol ...
Diversity in the Structure and Function of Amylase
... • What are the critical active site residues? • Are they present in all of the structures from different species? • Which structures have glucose or another starch bound? • Do the different species bind the starch ...
... • What are the critical active site residues? • Are they present in all of the structures from different species? • Which structures have glucose or another starch bound? • Do the different species bind the starch ...
Heckmondwike Grammar School Biology Department Edexcel A
... How can we measure the living organisms in our sample sites? The first step is to find them and then to identify them. Techniques for finding plants and animals are listed below, and identification is carried out using identification keys, which allow organisms to be identified using simple question ...
... How can we measure the living organisms in our sample sites? The first step is to find them and then to identify them. Techniques for finding plants and animals are listed below, and identification is carried out using identification keys, which allow organisms to be identified using simple question ...
Lecture 27
... In mammals, found in the liver and small intestine mucosa XO is a homodimer with FAD, two [2Fe-2S] clusters and a molybdopterin complex (Mo-pt) that cycles between Mol (VI) and Mol (IV) oxidation states. Final electron acceptor is O2 which is converted to H2O2 XO is cleaved into 3 segments. The uncl ...
... In mammals, found in the liver and small intestine mucosa XO is a homodimer with FAD, two [2Fe-2S] clusters and a molybdopterin complex (Mo-pt) that cycles between Mol (VI) and Mol (IV) oxidation states. Final electron acceptor is O2 which is converted to H2O2 XO is cleaved into 3 segments. The uncl ...
Chapter 9 powerpoint - Red Hook Central Schools
... • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt $$ • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce; meaning there is an O2 debt. This reaction is reversible when O2 is available. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., pub ...
... • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt $$ • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce; meaning there is an O2 debt. This reaction is reversible when O2 is available. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., pub ...
Exam 3 Review
... pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation). Also, be able to determine the ATP yield from a molecule of pyruvate and a molecule of acetyl-CoA. 9. Explain why glucose is immediately phosphorylated to become glucose-6-phosphate when it enters a ...
... pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation). Also, be able to determine the ATP yield from a molecule of pyruvate and a molecule of acetyl-CoA. 9. Explain why glucose is immediately phosphorylated to become glucose-6-phosphate when it enters a ...
Oxidation of Carbohydrate
... • Phosphocreatine (PCr): ATP recycling – PCr + creatine kinase Cr + Pi + energy – PCr energy cannot be used for cellular work – PCr energy can be used to reassemble ATP ...
... • Phosphocreatine (PCr): ATP recycling – PCr + creatine kinase Cr + Pi + energy – PCr energy cannot be used for cellular work – PCr energy can be used to reassemble ATP ...
Vitamins and Minerals
... 1. Acetyl CoA is a two-carbon chain that cannot be converted to glucose. 2. The conversion to acetyl CoA links stage 1 (glycolysis) to stage 2 (the TCA cycle). 3. Pyruvate moves from the cytosol to the mitochondria to begin this step. 4. Acetyl CoA can then enter the TCA cycle or be converted to cit ...
... 1. Acetyl CoA is a two-carbon chain that cannot be converted to glucose. 2. The conversion to acetyl CoA links stage 1 (glycolysis) to stage 2 (the TCA cycle). 3. Pyruvate moves from the cytosol to the mitochondria to begin this step. 4. Acetyl CoA can then enter the TCA cycle or be converted to cit ...
SC.912.L.18.8 - Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions
... This Khan Academy video explains how ATP is generated in the electron transport chain through the process of Oxidative Phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis. It also explains the differences between oxidative phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis: substrate level phosphorylation. ...
... This Khan Academy video explains how ATP is generated in the electron transport chain through the process of Oxidative Phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis. It also explains the differences between oxidative phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis: substrate level phosphorylation. ...
Biomolecules
... DO NOW: What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? What is the monomer for carbohydrates? What are large carbohydrates called? Why are carbohydrates polymers? Why are carbohydrates macromolecules? HW: Textbook read page 60 List ALL the functions of carbohydrates. Question 6 ...
... DO NOW: What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? What is the monomer for carbohydrates? What are large carbohydrates called? Why are carbohydrates polymers? Why are carbohydrates macromolecules? HW: Textbook read page 60 List ALL the functions of carbohydrates. Question 6 ...
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology
... in a wide range of climates. The climate, soils, plants, and animals in one part of the world can be very different from those same factors in other parts of the world. Living things are affected by both the physical or nonliving environment and by other living things. ...
... in a wide range of climates. The climate, soils, plants, and animals in one part of the world can be very different from those same factors in other parts of the world. Living things are affected by both the physical or nonliving environment and by other living things. ...
![ChemChapter_7sec1_and_section2[1]FORMULA](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000546743_1-278f96ccbbfd49e292510ec017e27124-300x300.png)
ChemChapter_7sec1_and_section2[1]FORMULA
... this are N2 (g), O2 (g), Na (s), Cl2 (g), etc. 2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is exactly the same as its charge. So, Group IA ions will all have an oxidation number of +1, since they all lose one electron. Group IIA ions will all have an oxidation number of +2. Aluminum ions only exist a ...
... this are N2 (g), O2 (g), Na (s), Cl2 (g), etc. 2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is exactly the same as its charge. So, Group IA ions will all have an oxidation number of +1, since they all lose one electron. Group IIA ions will all have an oxidation number of +2. Aluminum ions only exist a ...
Cells part 2 - fog.ccsf.edu
... Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a high concentration to a low concentration ...
... Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a high concentration to a low concentration ...
Ch. 9: Cellular Respiration
... These small molecules may come directly from food, glycolysis, OR citric acid cycle ...
... These small molecules may come directly from food, glycolysis, OR citric acid cycle ...
Animation
... G3P undergoes dehydrogenation with NAD+ as hydrogen acceptor. Product of this very exergonic reaction G3P reacts with inorganic phosphate present in cytosol to yield 1,3bisphosphoglycerate (BPG). Process: Oxidation / Dehydrogenation Next ...
... G3P undergoes dehydrogenation with NAD+ as hydrogen acceptor. Product of this very exergonic reaction G3P reacts with inorganic phosphate present in cytosol to yield 1,3bisphosphoglycerate (BPG). Process: Oxidation / Dehydrogenation Next ...
Answer Key for the Supplemental Problem Set #1
... 3. What are the three metabolically irreversible steps of glycolysis? What general type of reaction is catalyzed by these enzymes? Why are these reactions irreversible? Glucose phosphorylation catalyzed by hexokinase; fructose-6-phosphate phosphorylation catalyzed by phosphofructokinase; and phospho ...
... 3. What are the three metabolically irreversible steps of glycolysis? What general type of reaction is catalyzed by these enzymes? Why are these reactions irreversible? Glucose phosphorylation catalyzed by hexokinase; fructose-6-phosphate phosphorylation catalyzed by phosphofructokinase; and phospho ...
Energy systems & the continuum
... ATP is produced very slowly by the Aerobic System, it is very sluggish compared to the CP & Lactic Acid Systems. ...
... ATP is produced very slowly by the Aerobic System, it is very sluggish compared to the CP & Lactic Acid Systems. ...
CHEM 1405 Practice Exam #2
... A) Solid sodium carbonate is heated to give solid sodium oxide and carbon dioxide gas. B) Sodium carbonate decomposes to sodium oxide and carbon dioxide. C) Sodium carbonate decomposes to sodium oxide and carbon dioxide gas. D) Sodium carbonate is heated to give sodium oxide and carbon dioxide. 20) ...
... A) Solid sodium carbonate is heated to give solid sodium oxide and carbon dioxide gas. B) Sodium carbonate decomposes to sodium oxide and carbon dioxide. C) Sodium carbonate decomposes to sodium oxide and carbon dioxide gas. D) Sodium carbonate is heated to give sodium oxide and carbon dioxide. 20) ...
Lec 11: Fatty acid degradation
... Steps of this ω‐oxidation pathway: 1. P450 dependent oxidation of ω‐ carbon (no ...
... Steps of this ω‐oxidation pathway: 1. P450 dependent oxidation of ω‐ carbon (no ...
"Central Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism". In: Microbial
... in lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus), pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Other microorganisms that use the EMP pathway have the capacity to convert pyruvate to a wide variety of other fermentation end products. These fermentation pathways are discussed in more detail in C ...
... in lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus), pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Other microorganisms that use the EMP pathway have the capacity to convert pyruvate to a wide variety of other fermentation end products. These fermentation pathways are discussed in more detail in C ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)