N.L. Strominger et al. Cerebellum, in Noback`s Human
... cell types (granule, Golgi, stellate, basket, Purkinje). A sixth type, called a “unipolar brush cell,” was first identified in 1976 by Altman and Bayer and has been extensively studied in recent years. The estimated 50 billion (5 × 1011) granule cells are more numerous than all the neurons in ...
... cell types (granule, Golgi, stellate, basket, Purkinje). A sixth type, called a “unipolar brush cell,” was first identified in 1976 by Altman and Bayer and has been extensively studied in recent years. The estimated 50 billion (5 × 1011) granule cells are more numerous than all the neurons in ...
The Nervous System
... Resting potential Electrical energy is stored across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron. There are more negatively charged compounds just inside the membrane than outside of it. As a result, the inside of the cell is negatively charged relative to the outside. The charge difference creates a fo ...
... Resting potential Electrical energy is stored across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron. There are more negatively charged compounds just inside the membrane than outside of it. As a result, the inside of the cell is negatively charged relative to the outside. The charge difference creates a fo ...
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... 14. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a) Nerves are not the same as neurons and can be visible to the human eye. b) The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c) There are more neurons than glial cells in the nervous system. d) A nerve is best define ...
... 14. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a) Nerves are not the same as neurons and can be visible to the human eye. b) The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c) There are more neurons than glial cells in the nervous system. d) A nerve is best define ...
L8-Physiology of Sleep and EEG 2013
... Neurons in the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei (LDT/PPT) may help generate the cortical activation and atonia of REM sleep. The LDT/PPT is the main source of ACh to the thalamus, and ACh depolarizes thalamic neurons to promote the transmission of information through the thalamus, ...
... Neurons in the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei (LDT/PPT) may help generate the cortical activation and atonia of REM sleep. The LDT/PPT is the main source of ACh to the thalamus, and ACh depolarizes thalamic neurons to promote the transmission of information through the thalamus, ...
letter - Hanks Lab
... FOF of 6 rats while they performed the Poisson clicks task. These two areas (the PPC and FOF) have been suggested as potential rat homologues of the primate PPC and FEF, respectively12,13. We recorded all ...
... FOF of 6 rats while they performed the Poisson clicks task. These two areas (the PPC and FOF) have been suggested as potential rat homologues of the primate PPC and FEF, respectively12,13. We recorded all ...
Altered fear learning across development in both mouse and human
... This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10. 1073/pnas.1206834109/-/DCSupplemental. ...
... This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10. 1073/pnas.1206834109/-/DCSupplemental. ...
General and cell type specific mechanisms target
... Ciliary localization of the transient receptor potential polycystin 2 channel (TRPP2/PKD-2) is evolutionarily conserved, but how TRPP2 is targeted to cilia is not known. In this study, we characterize the motility and localization of PKD-2, a TRPP2 homolog, in C. elegans sensory neurons. We demonstr ...
... Ciliary localization of the transient receptor potential polycystin 2 channel (TRPP2/PKD-2) is evolutionarily conserved, but how TRPP2 is targeted to cilia is not known. In this study, we characterize the motility and localization of PKD-2, a TRPP2 homolog, in C. elegans sensory neurons. We demonstr ...
Structural Changes in AMPA-Receptive Neurons in the Nucleus of
... normotensive (Wistar-Kyoto) rats at the light microscopic and electron microscopic levels. There were more GluR1-containing dendritic spines in the nucleus of the solitary tract of hypertensive rats compared with normotensive rats, which was attributable to an increase in the proportion of dendritic ...
... normotensive (Wistar-Kyoto) rats at the light microscopic and electron microscopic levels. There were more GluR1-containing dendritic spines in the nucleus of the solitary tract of hypertensive rats compared with normotensive rats, which was attributable to an increase in the proportion of dendritic ...
Hippocampal mechanisms for the context-dependent retrieval of episodes 2005 Special issue
... As the virtual rat moves through the environment, sensory input to the model identifies its current location (behavioral state) and indicates food reward when it is received. At each location, the hippocampal model retrieves the prior episode experienced at that location, and provides this informati ...
... As the virtual rat moves through the environment, sensory input to the model identifies its current location (behavioral state) and indicates food reward when it is received. At each location, the hippocampal model retrieves the prior episode experienced at that location, and provides this informati ...
computational modeling of observational learning - FORTH-ICS
... as perceiving, assigning meaning to actions and identifying intentions. In contrast, ToM takes a simulation stance, and suggests that to understand others we actively simulate their actions using our own experiences (Gallese and Goldman, 1998). By imagining ourselves in the place of t ...
... as perceiving, assigning meaning to actions and identifying intentions. In contrast, ToM takes a simulation stance, and suggests that to understand others we actively simulate their actions using our own experiences (Gallese and Goldman, 1998). By imagining ourselves in the place of t ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited population spike in CA1 (but not in CA3) neurons leaving the EPSC unaffected. The age of the animals is critical for this phenomenology. In the rats younger than P20, ACPD inhibits EPSCs as well. This action is me ...
... et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited population spike in CA1 (but not in CA3) neurons leaving the EPSC unaffected. The age of the animals is critical for this phenomenology. In the rats younger than P20, ACPD inhibits EPSCs as well. This action is me ...
the vagus nerve - European Medical Journal
... in mind that each trunk receives fibres from both cervical vagus nerves.5 The number of posterior and anterior trunks passing through the diaphragmatic opening is variable, up to two in the former and three in the latter.5 The anterior trunk distributes gastric branches to the anterior aspect of the ...
... in mind that each trunk receives fibres from both cervical vagus nerves.5 The number of posterior and anterior trunks passing through the diaphragmatic opening is variable, up to two in the former and three in the latter.5 The anterior trunk distributes gastric branches to the anterior aspect of the ...
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... • how the nervous system receives information from the environment • how the nervous system can store this information • how neural interactions can generate behaviour • the methodologies used to explore ...
... • how the nervous system receives information from the environment • how the nervous system can store this information • how neural interactions can generate behaviour • the methodologies used to explore ...
Table of Contents
... abundance in the vertebrate brain — 1000-fold higher than known monoamine neurotransmitters, its simple structure and and its role in the Krebs cycle (the "GABA shunt") suggested that it was likely to be involved in metabolism rather than signaling. Moreover, it was demonstrated that GABA was not re ...
... abundance in the vertebrate brain — 1000-fold higher than known monoamine neurotransmitters, its simple structure and and its role in the Krebs cycle (the "GABA shunt") suggested that it was likely to be involved in metabolism rather than signaling. Moreover, it was demonstrated that GABA was not re ...
Cln3 Targeted Disruption of the Gene Provides a Mouse Model for Batten Disease
... also showed neuropathological abnormalities with loss of certain cortical interneurons and hypertrophy of many interneuron populations in the hippocampus. Finally, as is true in Batten disease patients, there was increased activity in the brain of the lysosomal protease Cln2/TPP-1. Our findings are ...
... also showed neuropathological abnormalities with loss of certain cortical interneurons and hypertrophy of many interneuron populations in the hippocampus. Finally, as is true in Batten disease patients, there was increased activity in the brain of the lysosomal protease Cln2/TPP-1. Our findings are ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... molecular signal processing. Mostly, these two aspects have been investigated separately in different types of experiments. Is it possible to control local mechanistic and global behavioral parameters together in one experiment? Technological developments of the last decade have shifted this type of ...
... molecular signal processing. Mostly, these two aspects have been investigated separately in different types of experiments. Is it possible to control local mechanistic and global behavioral parameters together in one experiment? Technological developments of the last decade have shifted this type of ...
Full Text
... proteins, and whether they behave similarly to their untagged SOD1 counterparts. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we compare the physicochemical properties of SOD1 and the effects of GFPtagging on its intracellular behaviour. Immunostaining demonstrated that SOD1 alone and GFP-SOD1 have an indis ...
... proteins, and whether they behave similarly to their untagged SOD1 counterparts. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we compare the physicochemical properties of SOD1 and the effects of GFPtagging on its intracellular behaviour. Immunostaining demonstrated that SOD1 alone and GFP-SOD1 have an indis ...
Axon Initiation and Growth Cone Turning on Bound Protein Gradients Cellular/Molecular Junyu Mai,
... suitable for in vitro neuronal culture and analysis. After decades of research on gradient surfaces (Genzer and Bhat, 2008), some sophisticated methods have been developed. These systems (Baier and Bonhoeffer, 1992; Dertinger et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2006) mostly required sophisticated device fab ...
... suitable for in vitro neuronal culture and analysis. After decades of research on gradient surfaces (Genzer and Bhat, 2008), some sophisticated methods have been developed. These systems (Baier and Bonhoeffer, 1992; Dertinger et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2006) mostly required sophisticated device fab ...
Short English summery Thesis OuTline
... macrophages in the context of the CNS. We studied the migration of AA and CA macrophages towards conditioned medium from different CNS cell types, motility and adhesion. CA macrophages were attracted towards astrocytes. AA macrophages were attracted towards neurons. CA macrophages were less motile a ...
... macrophages in the context of the CNS. We studied the migration of AA and CA macrophages towards conditioned medium from different CNS cell types, motility and adhesion. CA macrophages were attracted towards astrocytes. AA macrophages were attracted towards neurons. CA macrophages were less motile a ...
Bayesian Spiking Neurons II: Learning
... It has long been thought that one goal of learning in neural networks is to find the underlying structure in the sensory world by detecting patterns of correlations (or more generally, dependencies) in the input (Barlow, 2001). Hebbian-style learning rules (Hebb, 1949) find such correlations (Hebb, ...
... It has long been thought that one goal of learning in neural networks is to find the underlying structure in the sensory world by detecting patterns of correlations (or more generally, dependencies) in the input (Barlow, 2001). Hebbian-style learning rules (Hebb, 1949) find such correlations (Hebb, ...
APPSWE Microinjected Mouse Model
... Identifying potential biochemical screening and diagnostic tools for Aβ, such as levels in plasma Modeling human cerebral amyloid angiopathy (vascular amyloid build-up leading to stroke) Investigating prion protein disease mechanisms, in which abnormal protein polymerization can seed additional poly ...
... Identifying potential biochemical screening and diagnostic tools for Aβ, such as levels in plasma Modeling human cerebral amyloid angiopathy (vascular amyloid build-up leading to stroke) Investigating prion protein disease mechanisms, in which abnormal protein polymerization can seed additional poly ...
Computation with Spikes in a Winner-Take-All Network
... the excitatory connections from excitatory neurons to interneurons and the inhibitory connections from interneurons to excitatory neurons. In our model, we assume the forward connections between the excitatory and the inhibitory neurons to be strong, so that each spike of an excitatory neuron trigge ...
... the excitatory connections from excitatory neurons to interneurons and the inhibitory connections from interneurons to excitatory neurons. In our model, we assume the forward connections between the excitatory and the inhibitory neurons to be strong, so that each spike of an excitatory neuron trigge ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.