Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... response should grow stronger, but over time Hebbian plasticity has come to mean any long-lasting form of synaptic modification (strengthening or weakening) that is synapse specific and depends on correlations between pre- and postsynaptic firing. By acting independently at each synapse, Hebbian pla ...
... response should grow stronger, but over time Hebbian plasticity has come to mean any long-lasting form of synaptic modification (strengthening or weakening) that is synapse specific and depends on correlations between pre- and postsynaptic firing. By acting independently at each synapse, Hebbian pla ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... cutaneous stimulation (Powell and Mountcastle, 1959b; Iwamura et al., 1983; Kaas et al., 1984), cells with the smallest RFs (Paul et al., 1972; Sur et al., 1980, 1985), and the highest proportion of cells responding to static skin indentation (Paul et al., 1972; Sur et al., 1984). Removal of area 3b ...
... cutaneous stimulation (Powell and Mountcastle, 1959b; Iwamura et al., 1983; Kaas et al., 1984), cells with the smallest RFs (Paul et al., 1972; Sur et al., 1980, 1985), and the highest proportion of cells responding to static skin indentation (Paul et al., 1972; Sur et al., 1984). Removal of area 3b ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... During my dissertation work at Georgia State University, I have had the great fortune of being mentored by a number of amazing individuals. First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge my advisor, Paul Katz, who provided just the right amount of guidance, patience, advice, and prodding at all the ...
... During my dissertation work at Georgia State University, I have had the great fortune of being mentored by a number of amazing individuals. First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge my advisor, Paul Katz, who provided just the right amount of guidance, patience, advice, and prodding at all the ...
Slide 1
... *There are as many as 10,000 specific types of neurons responsible for different tasks in the human brain. Mainlly they can be coarsely classified in: motor neurons (for conveying motor information), sensory neurons (for conveying sensory information), and interneurons (which convey information betw ...
... *There are as many as 10,000 specific types of neurons responsible for different tasks in the human brain. Mainlly they can be coarsely classified in: motor neurons (for conveying motor information), sensory neurons (for conveying sensory information), and interneurons (which convey information betw ...
connections of the hypothalamus and preoptic area with nuclei of
... following selective injeotions into the posterior part of the cortical nucleus (Fig. 4, R76). After injections into other amygdaloid nuclei no HlZP labeled cells were seen in the vent.r8al plremammillary nucleus (F'ig. 4, R95, R94, R60 and Fig. 5, R20). The HRP labeled cells in the posterior hypotha ...
... following selective injeotions into the posterior part of the cortical nucleus (Fig. 4, R76). After injections into other amygdaloid nuclei no HlZP labeled cells were seen in the vent.r8al plremammillary nucleus (F'ig. 4, R95, R94, R60 and Fig. 5, R20). The HRP labeled cells in the posterior hypotha ...
Toward Nanometer-Scale Sensing System
... naturally occurring sensing system, the sense of smell or “olfaction,” as well as artificial sensing systems built to emulate the nose. The goal is to combine lessons learned from natural and artificial olfaction with opportunities presented by advances in nanotechnology, in order to further the dev ...
... naturally occurring sensing system, the sense of smell or “olfaction,” as well as artificial sensing systems built to emulate the nose. The goal is to combine lessons learned from natural and artificial olfaction with opportunities presented by advances in nanotechnology, in order to further the dev ...
Tese final so frentes - Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
... and A2A receptors has been identified in some neurodegenerative diseases, but their role in ALS is not yet understood. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of ALS on the protein and mRNA expression of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors through disease progression. The transgenic model ...
... and A2A receptors has been identified in some neurodegenerative diseases, but their role in ALS is not yet understood. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of ALS on the protein and mRNA expression of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors through disease progression. The transgenic model ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... Goebel, 1995). Ultrastructurally, these electron-dense accumulations exhibit granular, curvilinear, or fingerprint-like appearances that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies of these deposits in CLN2, CLN3, and CLN4 have shown that the m ...
... Goebel, 1995). Ultrastructurally, these electron-dense accumulations exhibit granular, curvilinear, or fingerprint-like appearances that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies of these deposits in CLN2, CLN3, and CLN4 have shown that the m ...
Congruent Activity during Action and Action Observation in Motor
... consistent during both observation and movement. Furthermore, we find that the presence of a visual target is necessary to elicit this congruent neural activity during observation. These findings along with results from our analysis of the oscillatory power in the beta frequency of the local field p ...
... consistent during both observation and movement. Furthermore, we find that the presence of a visual target is necessary to elicit this congruent neural activity during observation. These findings along with results from our analysis of the oscillatory power in the beta frequency of the local field p ...
16-2 The Sympathetic Division
... 16-1 Divisions of the ANS • Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Division 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects (antagonist) • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the parasympathetic causes inhibition ...
... 16-1 Divisions of the ANS • Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Division 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects (antagonist) • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the parasympathetic causes inhibition ...
Distribution, classification, and development of Drosophila glial cells
... likely that glial cells participate in controlling neuronal proliferation (Ebens et al. 1993) and in the maintenance of mature CNS structure (Buchanan and Benzer 1993). In spite of their importance in neurogenesis and CNS function, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of glial determinati ...
... likely that glial cells participate in controlling neuronal proliferation (Ebens et al. 1993) and in the maintenance of mature CNS structure (Buchanan and Benzer 1993). In spite of their importance in neurogenesis and CNS function, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of glial determinati ...
Encoding of target direction and speed during visual instruction and
... number of predictors was equal. A highly conservative criterion of 10 consecutive bins (200 ms) with an R2 > 0.2 (P < 0.05) for each bin was required to accept a relationship between the ®ring and a parameter as signi®cant. This strict criterion was used to avoid spurious, shortduration correlations ...
... number of predictors was equal. A highly conservative criterion of 10 consecutive bins (200 ms) with an R2 > 0.2 (P < 0.05) for each bin was required to accept a relationship between the ®ring and a parameter as signi®cant. This strict criterion was used to avoid spurious, shortduration correlations ...
Three-dimensional auditory localization in the
... Simmons [4], who reported that the big brown bat’s range discrimination performance was comparable for physical targets and virtual targets, simulated by delayed playbacks of the bat’s sonar emissions. With virtual targets, visual cues are eliminated, and pulse-echo delays can be precisely adjusted ...
... Simmons [4], who reported that the big brown bat’s range discrimination performance was comparable for physical targets and virtual targets, simulated by delayed playbacks of the bat’s sonar emissions. With virtual targets, visual cues are eliminated, and pulse-echo delays can be precisely adjusted ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... GAL has facilitated the study of GAL overexpression in the brain and provides a unique model for the investigation of this peptide in the area of cognition [14, 86]. For example, mice expressing GAL ectopically under control of the dopamine b-hydroxylase promoter (GAL-tg mice) displayed increased GA ...
... GAL has facilitated the study of GAL overexpression in the brain and provides a unique model for the investigation of this peptide in the area of cognition [14, 86]. For example, mice expressing GAL ectopically under control of the dopamine b-hydroxylase promoter (GAL-tg mice) displayed increased GA ...
kbook or W NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
... of what we could glean about the behaving brain came from comparing the behavior of people with brains that had been damaged, with people apparently behaving normally. As we shall see, this approach has provided some interesting clues, but doesn’t give an insight into normal behavior. Today, we are ...
... of what we could glean about the behaving brain came from comparing the behavior of people with brains that had been damaged, with people apparently behaving normally. As we shall see, this approach has provided some interesting clues, but doesn’t give an insight into normal behavior. Today, we are ...
Spike train propagation in the axon of a visual interneuron,... Locusta migratoria
... energy in the form of ATP and the amount required is positively correlated with membrane permeability. The Na+/K+ ATPase is the main electrogenic pump involved in the maintenance of ionic gradients. Without sufficient energy to run the Na+/K+ ATPase, neurons will eventually depolarize, resulting in ...
... energy in the form of ATP and the amount required is positively correlated with membrane permeability. The Na+/K+ ATPase is the main electrogenic pump involved in the maintenance of ionic gradients. Without sufficient energy to run the Na+/K+ ATPase, neurons will eventually depolarize, resulting in ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... 1978). In his experiments, pigeons were presented food once a day in a feeding chamber and afterwards, were placed into an enclosure with floor panels that could measure their activities. They found that immediately after feeding, activity levels were high, and then followed an exponential decay wit ...
... 1978). In his experiments, pigeons were presented food once a day in a feeding chamber and afterwards, were placed into an enclosure with floor panels that could measure their activities. They found that immediately after feeding, activity levels were high, and then followed an exponential decay wit ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-field studies alone cannot determine which acoustic cues are responsible for this directional sensitivity because they do not allow independent control over each cue. Such control can be achieved in dichotic studies that deliver stimuli through cl ...
... al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-field studies alone cannot determine which acoustic cues are responsible for this directional sensitivity because they do not allow independent control over each cue. Such control can be achieved in dichotic studies that deliver stimuli through cl ...
Document
... Olfactory and gustatory receptors are located in epithelia exposed to the external environment • Olfactory receptors are modified neurons • Gustatory receptors communicate with sensory neurons ...
... Olfactory and gustatory receptors are located in epithelia exposed to the external environment • Olfactory receptors are modified neurons • Gustatory receptors communicate with sensory neurons ...
![[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003492398_1-2708bc56966b4cab721b0073b5bc49ec-300x300.png)
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... dopamine neurons is not clear. Thus we have investigated the glutamate-mediated [Ca2+]c dynamics in the acutely isolated dopamine neurons from the rat substantia nigra pars compacta by measuring [Ca2+]c and spontaneously occurring action potentials (SAPs). The freshly isolated dopamine neurons showe ...
... dopamine neurons is not clear. Thus we have investigated the glutamate-mediated [Ca2+]c dynamics in the acutely isolated dopamine neurons from the rat substantia nigra pars compacta by measuring [Ca2+]c and spontaneously occurring action potentials (SAPs). The freshly isolated dopamine neurons showe ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... In animals injected with fluorescent dyes, the survival period was 10–14 days. The animals were anesthetized deeply and perfused with 6% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4). The brain was postfixed in a solution of 6% paraformaldehyde with glycerol and 2% DMSO, frozen, and cut as de ...
... In animals injected with fluorescent dyes, the survival period was 10–14 days. The animals were anesthetized deeply and perfused with 6% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4). The brain was postfixed in a solution of 6% paraformaldehyde with glycerol and 2% DMSO, frozen, and cut as de ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
... Fear conditioning is a subset of classical conditioning that involves the association between CSs and USs that evoke behaviours associated with fear. One well-known (and ethically controversial) fear conditioning experiment was performed by John Watson in 1919 [73]. In his experiment, Watson taught ...
... Fear conditioning is a subset of classical conditioning that involves the association between CSs and USs that evoke behaviours associated with fear. One well-known (and ethically controversial) fear conditioning experiment was performed by John Watson in 1919 [73]. In his experiment, Watson taught ...
Differential Activity-Dependent Development of Corticospinal
... during movement, and visual guidance of movement are expressed within moments after birth in many animals (Muir 2000). By contrast, many species, including cats, monkeys, and humans, develop these motor skills later in development. This raises the possibility that not only postnatal activity in part ...
... during movement, and visual guidance of movement are expressed within moments after birth in many animals (Muir 2000). By contrast, many species, including cats, monkeys, and humans, develop these motor skills later in development. This raises the possibility that not only postnatal activity in part ...
The Glia Response after Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Comparison
... the development of future therapies using transplantation of peripheral glia to treat neural injuries and/or disease. Keywords: nerve-injury; nerve-regeneration; Schwann-cell; olfactory-ensheathing-cell; glia ...
... the development of future therapies using transplantation of peripheral glia to treat neural injuries and/or disease. Keywords: nerve-injury; nerve-regeneration; Schwann-cell; olfactory-ensheathing-cell; glia ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.