Functional Specialization Within the Cat Red Nucleus
... Fetz and Cheney (1980) developed the technique of spiketriggered averaging of electromyography (EMG) to detect functional relations between cellular activity and muscle activation. By synchronizing the EMG records to the activity of a single neuron it is possible, with sufficient averaging, to detec ...
... Fetz and Cheney (1980) developed the technique of spiketriggered averaging of electromyography (EMG) to detect functional relations between cellular activity and muscle activation. By synchronizing the EMG records to the activity of a single neuron it is possible, with sufficient averaging, to detec ...
PDE5 Exists in Human Neurons and is a Viable Therapeutic Target
... for a variety of neurologic diseases. Although many of these studies have focused on Alzheimer’s disease, the PDE5 literature suggests that PDE5 inhibition may be therapeutic in a variety of neurological disorders (see Discussion). Despite the successes in the animal literature, PDE5 inhibitors have ...
... for a variety of neurologic diseases. Although many of these studies have focused on Alzheimer’s disease, the PDE5 literature suggests that PDE5 inhibition may be therapeutic in a variety of neurological disorders (see Discussion). Despite the successes in the animal literature, PDE5 inhibitors have ...
Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
body proportions in infancy and early childhood
... • Newborns can discriminate between smells. • Infants show innate preferences for some tastes: – Preference for human milk – Preference for sugar to other substances ...
... • Newborns can discriminate between smells. • Infants show innate preferences for some tastes: – Preference for human milk – Preference for sugar to other substances ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... The adaptive regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is crucial in the successful reproduction among the vertebrates. The central unit of this axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release their neurohormone content into the portal cir ...
... The adaptive regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is crucial in the successful reproduction among the vertebrates. The central unit of this axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release their neurohormone content into the portal cir ...
Spatial and Temporal Structure of Receptive Fields in Primate
... orientation, and elongation of the excitatory (a . 0) or inhibitory (a , 0) component represented by the Gaussian f unction. Each component is delayed with respect to skin stimulation, and therefore the effect of each component is displaced from its true center by an amount and direction that is pro ...
... orientation, and elongation of the excitatory (a . 0) or inhibitory (a , 0) component represented by the Gaussian f unction. Each component is delayed with respect to skin stimulation, and therefore the effect of each component is displaced from its true center by an amount and direction that is pro ...
Neural Encoding I: Firing Rates and Spike Statistics
... propagate signals rapidly over large distances. They do this by generating characteristic electrical pulses called action potentials, or more simply spikes, that can travel down nerve fibers. Neurons represent and transmit information by firing sequences of spikes in various temporal patterns. The s ...
... propagate signals rapidly over large distances. They do this by generating characteristic electrical pulses called action potentials, or more simply spikes, that can travel down nerve fibers. Neurons represent and transmit information by firing sequences of spikes in various temporal patterns. The s ...
DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA VIDA
... root injury that may act as potential regeneration inhibitors. Both GSK3β and RockII were already described in the context of axonal regeneration as molecules that need to be inhibit in order to obtain optimal levels of axonal growth. In the case of Hsp40 its role is not as well established and shou ...
... root injury that may act as potential regeneration inhibitors. Both GSK3β and RockII were already described in the context of axonal regeneration as molecules that need to be inhibit in order to obtain optimal levels of axonal growth. In the case of Hsp40 its role is not as well established and shou ...
Temporal Plasticity Involved in Recovery from Manual Dexterity
... ⬎1 month had passed after the mean success rate increased to within the 95% confidence level, was selected as the plateau phase of recovery (i.e., the late postrecovery period). We did not perform PET imaging during the very early recovery period (⬍1 month after lesion) because behavioral performanc ...
... ⬎1 month had passed after the mean success rate increased to within the 95% confidence level, was selected as the plateau phase of recovery (i.e., the late postrecovery period). We did not perform PET imaging during the very early recovery period (⬍1 month after lesion) because behavioral performanc ...
Immunohistochemical description of the endogenous cannabinoid
... Analysis of the CB1 receptor expression in the rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry has provided important insights into the functional neuroanatomy of the endocannabinoid system (Matsuda et al., 1993; Pettit et al., 1998; Egertová and Elphick, 2000; Van Sickle ...
... Analysis of the CB1 receptor expression in the rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry has provided important insights into the functional neuroanatomy of the endocannabinoid system (Matsuda et al., 1993; Pettit et al., 1998; Egertová and Elphick, 2000; Van Sickle ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly unique to scenes, such as large extended surfaces defined by w ...
... such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly unique to scenes, such as large extended surfaces defined by w ...
Document
... 1. VLF:induced by 0.1 nmol/m-2 , saturate @ 50nmol/m-2 2. LF: induced by 1 µmol/m-2, saturate @ 1000 µmol/m-2 3. HIR: require prolonged exposure to higher fluence Effect is proportional to fluence Disobey law of reciprocity Are not FR-reversible! Some are induced by FR! Examples: inhibition of hypoc ...
... 1. VLF:induced by 0.1 nmol/m-2 , saturate @ 50nmol/m-2 2. LF: induced by 1 µmol/m-2, saturate @ 1000 µmol/m-2 3. HIR: require prolonged exposure to higher fluence Effect is proportional to fluence Disobey law of reciprocity Are not FR-reversible! Some are induced by FR! Examples: inhibition of hypoc ...
Functional Properties of Parietal Visual Neurons: Mechanisms of
... and in-field properties are determined by the behavioral state of the animal at the time of study (Mountcastle et al., 1981); they also vary with the parameters of the stimuli used to establish them. We define the relations between the frequency of discharge of PVNs and stimulus speed and emphasize ...
... and in-field properties are determined by the behavioral state of the animal at the time of study (Mountcastle et al., 1981); they also vary with the parameters of the stimuli used to establish them. We define the relations between the frequency of discharge of PVNs and stimulus speed and emphasize ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... Abstract: "Glycine and GABA are depolarizing during early development but the purpose is unclear. Altering depolarizing glycine signaling from the beginning of development in zebrafish embryos by over‐expressing the potassium‐chloride co‐transporter type‐2 (KCC2) to reverse the chloride gradient ...
... Abstract: "Glycine and GABA are depolarizing during early development but the purpose is unclear. Altering depolarizing glycine signaling from the beginning of development in zebrafish embryos by over‐expressing the potassium‐chloride co‐transporter type‐2 (KCC2) to reverse the chloride gradient ...
A Comparison of Spiking Statistics in Motion Sensing Neurones of
... scaled so that the quasi-Poisson curve spans the abscissa; this change in scale reflects the larger spike counts obtained in larger time windows. The right endpoint of the quasi-Poisson curve represents the (estimated) maximum spike count for that time window given the refractory period of the neuro ...
... scaled so that the quasi-Poisson curve spans the abscissa; this change in scale reflects the larger spike counts obtained in larger time windows. The right endpoint of the quasi-Poisson curve represents the (estimated) maximum spike count for that time window given the refractory period of the neuro ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) and is thus analogous to the medial habenula of mammals [Fig. 3(A,B)]. Axonal tracing in live and fixed fish ...
... into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) and is thus analogous to the medial habenula of mammals [Fig. 3(A,B)]. Axonal tracing in live and fixed fish ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
... AV and AT, Table 1). We then made direct comparisons in two cases after injections of distinct £uorescent tracers in both orbitofrontal and temporal areas (cases BA and BC). This method allowed simultaneous visualization of the populations of neurons in the amygdala projecting to temporal and orbito ...
... AV and AT, Table 1). We then made direct comparisons in two cases after injections of distinct £uorescent tracers in both orbitofrontal and temporal areas (cases BA and BC). This method allowed simultaneous visualization of the populations of neurons in the amygdala projecting to temporal and orbito ...
Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area
... 1996, 2001) [for additional references and review, see Tanji (1994, 1996)]. The results of imaging studies in humans strongly support this subdivision. In general, activation in the SMA is tightly coupled to movement generation and control. However, this does not seem to be the case for the pre-SMA ...
... 1996, 2001) [for additional references and review, see Tanji (1994, 1996)]. The results of imaging studies in humans strongly support this subdivision. In general, activation in the SMA is tightly coupled to movement generation and control. However, this does not seem to be the case for the pre-SMA ...
Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors in the Nervous System
... Assayfor mitogenicactivity. The mitogenic effect of extracts and human recombinant aFGF (a gift from Dr. K. Thomas, Merck) or human recombinant bFGF (a gift from Dr. J. Abraham, California Biotechnology) was tested using a serum-free 3H-thymidine incorporation assay as previously described (Shipley, ...
... Assayfor mitogenicactivity. The mitogenic effect of extracts and human recombinant aFGF (a gift from Dr. K. Thomas, Merck) or human recombinant bFGF (a gift from Dr. J. Abraham, California Biotechnology) was tested using a serum-free 3H-thymidine incorporation assay as previously described (Shipley, ...
The Netrins Define a Family of Axon Outgrowth
... et al., 199Oa). First, they promote the outgrowth of these axons from explants of embryonic dorsal spinal cord into collagen gels. Second, they attract commissural axons by reorienting their growth within dorsal spinal cord explants. Both the outgrowth and the orienting effects of the floor plate ca ...
... et al., 199Oa). First, they promote the outgrowth of these axons from explants of embryonic dorsal spinal cord into collagen gels. Second, they attract commissural axons by reorienting their growth within dorsal spinal cord explants. Both the outgrowth and the orienting effects of the floor plate ca ...
Insect Bio-inspired Neural Network Provides New Evidence on How
... To evaluate the performance of our models, we simulated the theoretical responses of mushroom body Kenyon cells [16, 21] to a range of achromatic patterns previously used in honeybee behavioural experiments [18–20]. These particular experiments were selected primarily because of the complexity of th ...
... To evaluate the performance of our models, we simulated the theoretical responses of mushroom body Kenyon cells [16, 21] to a range of achromatic patterns previously used in honeybee behavioural experiments [18–20]. These particular experiments were selected primarily because of the complexity of th ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.