Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... (containing 4.5 g/L glucose, 110 mg/L sodium pyruvate, and 4 mM L-glutamine; Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. Plasmid pAAV-BDNF-A or pAAV-BDNF-A*B was cotransfected with the helper plasmid pDC2 into HEK293T cells at ⬎90% confluence. Media were refreshed 24 ...
... (containing 4.5 g/L glucose, 110 mg/L sodium pyruvate, and 4 mM L-glutamine; Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. Plasmid pAAV-BDNF-A or pAAV-BDNF-A*B was cotransfected with the helper plasmid pDC2 into HEK293T cells at ⬎90% confluence. Media were refreshed 24 ...
... forebrain. Mapping of retrogradely labeled neurons was conducted using a microscope±computer interface and software developed in our laboratory. This system allows tracing borders and mapping and counting labeled neurons. The maps were transferred onto paper using a digital plotter (Hewlett Packard, ...
Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and
... Because UBIs are defined by ubiquitin immunohistochemistry, we asked whether TDP-43 recovered from urea fractions of FTLD-U brains is ubiquitinated, and this was shown to be the case by immunoprecipitation studies using the rabbit polyclonal anti–TDP-43 followed by immunoblot analyses with both anti ...
... Because UBIs are defined by ubiquitin immunohistochemistry, we asked whether TDP-43 recovered from urea fractions of FTLD-U brains is ubiquitinated, and this was shown to be the case by immunoprecipitation studies using the rabbit polyclonal anti–TDP-43 followed by immunoblot analyses with both anti ...
Orientation Preference Patterns in Mammalian Visual Cortex: A Wire
... ent at every point (Girman et al., 1999). This is despite the fact that each individual neuron is well tuned for orientation. The situation in rat V1 raises a question about the relation between the tuning of neuronal response and the tuning of the connection function. Although they are related, the ...
... ent at every point (Girman et al., 1999). This is despite the fact that each individual neuron is well tuned for orientation. The situation in rat V1 raises a question about the relation between the tuning of neuronal response and the tuning of the connection function. Although they are related, the ...
Anatomic Studies on the Superior Colliculus
... and monkey,14 the only animals yet studied with the electron microscope, the optic terminals contain spheroidal vesicles and pale mitochondria and are presynaptic to dendrites or dendritic spines, terminals containing flattened vesicles (some of which are presynaptic dendrites), and occasionally to ...
... and monkey,14 the only animals yet studied with the electron microscope, the optic terminals contain spheroidal vesicles and pale mitochondria and are presynaptic to dendrites or dendritic spines, terminals containing flattened vesicles (some of which are presynaptic dendrites), and occasionally to ...
Trigeminal Ganglion Cell Processes Are
... of the whiskers is transferred to afferent arbors and their target cells along the entire trigeminal neuraxis leading to the neocortex. In this study, we present evidence of an orderly patterning in the early outgrowth of trigeminal ganglion cell processes; this intrinsic spatial organization may pr ...
... of the whiskers is transferred to afferent arbors and their target cells along the entire trigeminal neuraxis leading to the neocortex. In this study, we present evidence of an orderly patterning in the early outgrowth of trigeminal ganglion cell processes; this intrinsic spatial organization may pr ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... (EAPs), and to explore pertinent issues in the interpretation of EAP recordings. I use the line source approximation to model the EAP produced by individual neurons. I compare simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recordings of CA1 pyramidal neurons in vivo with simulations using the same cel ...
... (EAPs), and to explore pertinent issues in the interpretation of EAP recordings. I use the line source approximation to model the EAP produced by individual neurons. I compare simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recordings of CA1 pyramidal neurons in vivo with simulations using the same cel ...
Saccade Target Selection in Frontal Eye Field of Macaque. I. Visual
... by a fixed interval (300-500 msec) (Fig. 1C). This condition was used to assess the activation of neurons in response to stimuli presented when the monkey was instructed that no saccade should be made. The first and third conditions were repeated presenting the target with distracters (Fig. ID&). Th ...
... by a fixed interval (300-500 msec) (Fig. 1C). This condition was used to assess the activation of neurons in response to stimuli presented when the monkey was instructed that no saccade should be made. The first and third conditions were repeated presenting the target with distracters (Fig. ID&). Th ...
the effects of microstimulation and microlesions in the ventral and
... within the caudal NRA, nor did unilateral transections 4.0 mm rostral to the obex alter respiratory rhythmicity greatly (Gromysz and Karczewski, 1980; Karczewski and Gromysz, 1980). However, similar lesions in the rostral NRA, the retrofacial nucleus, and the facial nucleus did alter respiratory rhy ...
... within the caudal NRA, nor did unilateral transections 4.0 mm rostral to the obex alter respiratory rhythmicity greatly (Gromysz and Karczewski, 1980; Karczewski and Gromysz, 1980). However, similar lesions in the rostral NRA, the retrofacial nucleus, and the facial nucleus did alter respiratory rhy ...
Neurofilaments and Orthograde Transport Are Reduced in Ventral
... Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) and maintained as hemizygotes for this study. Mice were screened by PCR with primers described by Gurney et al. (1994). All of these animals were bred and reared in a pathogen-free environment, and the experimental procedures used here were approved by the University of P ...
... Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) and maintained as hemizygotes for this study. Mice were screened by PCR with primers described by Gurney et al. (1994). All of these animals were bred and reared in a pathogen-free environment, and the experimental procedures used here were approved by the University of P ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... and the frequency of coherent 30-60 Hz oscillation were determined by a fast-feedback inhibitory loop. Essentially, if the stimulus was appropriate (not too strong), enough activity in the recurrent excitatory connections between pyramidal cells persisted after each recurrent inhibition wave in orde ...
... and the frequency of coherent 30-60 Hz oscillation were determined by a fast-feedback inhibitory loop. Essentially, if the stimulus was appropriate (not too strong), enough activity in the recurrent excitatory connections between pyramidal cells persisted after each recurrent inhibition wave in orde ...
ficient mice: Distinct effects in Finnish variant late infantile NCL
... To explore the extent of cortical atrophy, cortical thickness measurements were made on the same one-in-six series of Nissl stained sections for primary motor (M1), primary somatosensory (S1BF), primary visual (V1) and lateral entorhinal (LEnt) cortex using an ×1.25 objective as described previously ...
... To explore the extent of cortical atrophy, cortical thickness measurements were made on the same one-in-six series of Nissl stained sections for primary motor (M1), primary somatosensory (S1BF), primary visual (V1) and lateral entorhinal (LEnt) cortex using an ×1.25 objective as described previously ...
IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... acid prevents the free radical caused oxidative damage of the cell membrane [57]. Ascorbic acid also protects the neurons against exitotoxic cell death [30, 31]. Vitamin C exerts neuroprotective action through scavenging the oxygen free radicals [58]. A decrease in lipid peroxidation, an increase ca ...
... acid prevents the free radical caused oxidative damage of the cell membrane [57]. Ascorbic acid also protects the neurons against exitotoxic cell death [30, 31]. Vitamin C exerts neuroprotective action through scavenging the oxygen free radicals [58]. A decrease in lipid peroxidation, an increase ca ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same neurons that receive afferent inputs send direct projections to motoneurons. An advantage of this ...
... well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same neurons that receive afferent inputs send direct projections to motoneurons. An advantage of this ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
... As an animal survives under exposure to many kinds of stimuli, its nervous system detects sensory cues and converts this information into adaptive movement. For behaviors in response to a simple stimulus, sensory neurons sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are ex ...
... As an animal survives under exposure to many kinds of stimuli, its nervous system detects sensory cues and converts this information into adaptive movement. For behaviors in response to a simple stimulus, sensory neurons sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are ex ...
Emilia Biffi Editor - Biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana
... inspired by the so-called Campenot chambers, developed to compartmentalize axons and cell bodies. Microfabricated versions of these devices have already been used in a wide range of biological applications thanks to their low consumption of samples and reagents, the ability to precisely control para ...
... inspired by the so-called Campenot chambers, developed to compartmentalize axons and cell bodies. Microfabricated versions of these devices have already been used in a wide range of biological applications thanks to their low consumption of samples and reagents, the ability to precisely control para ...
Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... To determine whether somatosensory responses of SIV neurons were influenced by auditory stimuli or auditory FAES activation, somatosensory stimuli were presented within a neuron’s receptive field alone and then in combination with a natural auditory cue or with electrical stimulation through one of ...
... To determine whether somatosensory responses of SIV neurons were influenced by auditory stimuli or auditory FAES activation, somatosensory stimuli were presented within a neuron’s receptive field alone and then in combination with a natural auditory cue or with electrical stimulation through one of ...
Selectivity and sparseness in the responses of striate complex cells
... Probability distributions of macaque complex cell responses to a large set of images were determined. Measures of selectivity were based on the overall shape of the response probability distribution, as quantified by either kurtosis or entropy. We call this non-parametric selectivity, in contrast to ...
... Probability distributions of macaque complex cell responses to a large set of images were determined. Measures of selectivity were based on the overall shape of the response probability distribution, as quantified by either kurtosis or entropy. We call this non-parametric selectivity, in contrast to ...
Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression
... are sporadic and do not exhibit clear familial or genetic clustering. Recent exploration of biochemical, molecular, and cellular abnormalities that precede or accompany classic AD demonstrated that cell loss was associated with increased activation of pro-death genes and signaling pathways, impaired ...
... are sporadic and do not exhibit clear familial or genetic clustering. Recent exploration of biochemical, molecular, and cellular abnormalities that precede or accompany classic AD demonstrated that cell loss was associated with increased activation of pro-death genes and signaling pathways, impaired ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.