A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... Subplate neurons can be deleted by injections of kainic acid into the subplate at E43. The vast majority of later-generated neurons of the cortical plate remain intact (Chun and Shatz, 1988b), presumably because at these early ages they are sufficiently immature to be insensitive to kainate neurotox ...
... Subplate neurons can be deleted by injections of kainic acid into the subplate at E43. The vast majority of later-generated neurons of the cortical plate remain intact (Chun and Shatz, 1988b), presumably because at these early ages they are sufficiently immature to be insensitive to kainate neurotox ...
The distribution of retino‐collicular axon terminals in rhesus monkey
... Graybiel ('75, '76) for the cat superior colliculus. In addition, a t least a partial laminar segregation of label becomes apparent as the ipsilateral retinal projection is most commonly displaced below that from the contralateral eye. Figure 4 represents a series of depth profiles for the ipsilater ...
... Graybiel ('75, '76) for the cat superior colliculus. In addition, a t least a partial laminar segregation of label becomes apparent as the ipsilateral retinal projection is most commonly displaced below that from the contralateral eye. Figure 4 represents a series of depth profiles for the ipsilater ...
The GABAergic system in schizophrenia
... NMDA receptor-bearing GABAergic neurons. This state results in excessive dopaminergic input into corticolimbic regions (also see Carlsson et al., 2001) with resultant further hypofunctioning of the glutamatergic system through feedback mechanisms. Several classes of compounds, including benzodiazepi ...
... NMDA receptor-bearing GABAergic neurons. This state results in excessive dopaminergic input into corticolimbic regions (also see Carlsson et al., 2001) with resultant further hypofunctioning of the glutamatergic system through feedback mechanisms. Several classes of compounds, including benzodiazepi ...
Friedreich`s ataxia: Pathology, pathogenesis, and
... 1877 [10], many generations of medical trainees learnt that FRDA is a primary disease of the spinal cord. This conclusion is no longer tenable. Mott [11] studied only a single case, but his detailed descriptions and drawings stand out as a classic. Betz cells have not been examined in more recent wo ...
... 1877 [10], many generations of medical trainees learnt that FRDA is a primary disease of the spinal cord. This conclusion is no longer tenable. Mott [11] studied only a single case, but his detailed descriptions and drawings stand out as a classic. Betz cells have not been examined in more recent wo ...
Delineation of motoneuron subgroups supplying
... However, different species have different patterns of eye movements, and different arrangements of their oculomotor subgroups (for review: Büttner-Ennever, 2006). In order to analyse the clinical-anatomical studies involving horizontal and vertical, up- or downward eye movements, the knowledge of th ...
... However, different species have different patterns of eye movements, and different arrangements of their oculomotor subgroups (for review: Büttner-Ennever, 2006). In order to analyse the clinical-anatomical studies involving horizontal and vertical, up- or downward eye movements, the knowledge of th ...
Kuzbanian Controls Proteolytic Processing of Notch
... molecules implicated in sperm–egg binding during fertilization (Blobel et al., 1992). Another ADAM protein, meltrin, has been implicated in myoblast fusion (YagamiHiromasa et al., 1995). More recently, an ADAM protein was identified as a TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) that is responsible for rel ...
... molecules implicated in sperm–egg binding during fertilization (Blobel et al., 1992). Another ADAM protein, meltrin, has been implicated in myoblast fusion (YagamiHiromasa et al., 1995). More recently, an ADAM protein was identified as a TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) that is responsible for rel ...
optimal feedback control and the neural basis of volitional motor
... strongly to passive joint movements or skin contact. Most descending signals from the cortex pass through spinal interneurons53. However, some neurons in M1 (corticomotor (CM) neurons) form synaptic connections directly onto spinal interneurons54–56, allowing M1 to have a more direct and selective i ...
... strongly to passive joint movements or skin contact. Most descending signals from the cortex pass through spinal interneurons53. However, some neurons in M1 (corticomotor (CM) neurons) form synaptic connections directly onto spinal interneurons54–56, allowing M1 to have a more direct and selective i ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... demonstrate the additional complexity of the network compared to the classical view. The basal ganglia neuro-modulators adjust activity along the main axis by regulation of plasticity at the corticostriatal synapses (21, 22). The primary basal ganglia neuromodulators are dopamine (from midbrain dopa ...
... demonstrate the additional complexity of the network compared to the classical view. The basal ganglia neuro-modulators adjust activity along the main axis by regulation of plasticity at the corticostriatal synapses (21, 22). The primary basal ganglia neuromodulators are dopamine (from midbrain dopa ...
Dissociated functional significance of decision
... Because muscimol inactivations require comparisons across relatively long time scales, it remains logically possible that LIP normally plays a critical role in decision making, given that other areas are processing information in parallel and are able to quickly compensate when it is artificially in ...
... Because muscimol inactivations require comparisons across relatively long time scales, it remains logically possible that LIP normally plays a critical role in decision making, given that other areas are processing information in parallel and are able to quickly compensate when it is artificially in ...
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine
... were also taken of NAcC and NAcSh afferent regions, including mPFC (4.20 –2.52 mm anterior to bregma), BLA (1.80 –3.24 mm posterior to bregma), and vSub (5.40 – 6.36 mm posterior to bregma). Three tissue sections per rat representing rostral, intermediate, and caudal levels for each brain region (mP ...
... were also taken of NAcC and NAcSh afferent regions, including mPFC (4.20 –2.52 mm anterior to bregma), BLA (1.80 –3.24 mm posterior to bregma), and vSub (5.40 – 6.36 mm posterior to bregma). Three tissue sections per rat representing rostral, intermediate, and caudal levels for each brain region (mP ...
superior Medullary Velum
... interpeduncular fossa, cerebral peduncle, midbrain, cerebellar cortex, inferior colliculus, lingula and vermis is reported to be from the vermian artery originating from the posterior cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analys ...
... interpeduncular fossa, cerebral peduncle, midbrain, cerebellar cortex, inferior colliculus, lingula and vermis is reported to be from the vermian artery originating from the posterior cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analys ...
Biologically Inspired Adaptive Dynamic Walking of the Quadruped
... animals[7] is shown in Figure 1. A joint is actuated by the exor and extensor muscles. Each muscle receives a control signal from an motor neuron at the spinal cord. Shik[5] investigated the motion generation mechanism of a decerebrate cat and found that CPG is located in the spinal cord, and tha ...
... animals[7] is shown in Figure 1. A joint is actuated by the exor and extensor muscles. Each muscle receives a control signal from an motor neuron at the spinal cord. Shik[5] investigated the motion generation mechanism of a decerebrate cat and found that CPG is located in the spinal cord, and tha ...
Cognon Neural Model Software Verification and
... Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics (SyNAPSE) is a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) program with the goal to develop electronic neuromorphic machine technology that scales to biological levels. The ultimate aim is to build an electronic microprocessor syste ...
... Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics (SyNAPSE) is a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) program with the goal to develop electronic neuromorphic machine technology that scales to biological levels. The ultimate aim is to build an electronic microprocessor syste ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... anesthetized using ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine after the recording of taste and odor responses and placed in supine position. A plastic pipette tip (20 l, 15 mm length, 0.3 mm in diameter) was threaded into one nostril, and ⬃100 l of a 0.125% Triton X-100 solution (in saline) was infused gently ...
... anesthetized using ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine after the recording of taste and odor responses and placed in supine position. A plastic pipette tip (20 l, 15 mm length, 0.3 mm in diameter) was threaded into one nostril, and ⬃100 l of a 0.125% Triton X-100 solution (in saline) was infused gently ...
Substance P and Cholecystokinin-like lmmunoreactive Varicosities
... immunoreactivities have been shown to coexist in some, but not all, dorsal root ganglion cell bodies of the rat. Quantitative immunofluorescence techniques were used in the present study to describe densities of substance P- and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive varicosities in several spinal cord ...
... immunoreactivities have been shown to coexist in some, but not all, dorsal root ganglion cell bodies of the rat. Quantitative immunofluorescence techniques were used in the present study to describe densities of substance P- and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive varicosities in several spinal cord ...
Adult Neuro 2015 - poster list
... Stefano Farioli Vecchioli (Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiolgy, Italy) Impaired spatio-temporal coordination of cell cycle exit and migration in the adult subventricular zone is restored by physical exercise ...
... Stefano Farioli Vecchioli (Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiolgy, Italy) Impaired spatio-temporal coordination of cell cycle exit and migration in the adult subventricular zone is restored by physical exercise ...
Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and
... identifiable layers, to eulaminate areas which have six distinct layers. Thus, the prefrontal region is ideal for addressing the relationship of structure to connectional patterns. Structural analysis as defined in this study classifies areas into a few cortical types, determined by the number of id ...
... identifiable layers, to eulaminate areas which have six distinct layers. Thus, the prefrontal region is ideal for addressing the relationship of structure to connectional patterns. Structural analysis as defined in this study classifies areas into a few cortical types, determined by the number of id ...
Neural circuits underlying the generation of theta oscillations
... In the behaving rat, hippocampal theta oscillations are accompanied by high cholinergic tone (Jasper and Tessier, 1971; Zhang et al., 2010). In order to tune the network state into theta regime, the hippocampal activity diverges from a resting state characterized by sharp-wave-ripple complexes (Csic ...
... In the behaving rat, hippocampal theta oscillations are accompanied by high cholinergic tone (Jasper and Tessier, 1971; Zhang et al., 2010). In order to tune the network state into theta regime, the hippocampal activity diverges from a resting state characterized by sharp-wave-ripple complexes (Csic ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... activity during a working memory trial. Neurons are disposed along a ring (y axis, upper and lower limits wrap together to form the ring) and they are mutually connected with strength modulated according to the distance on that ring, such that excitatory cells are more strongly coupled when they lie ...
... activity during a working memory trial. Neurons are disposed along a ring (y axis, upper and lower limits wrap together to form the ring) and they are mutually connected with strength modulated according to the distance on that ring, such that excitatory cells are more strongly coupled when they lie ...
PDF reprint - UC Davis Mathematics
... Recently investigations have revealed that many local interneuronal networks throughout the brain display electrical coupling through gap junctions (see Galarreta and Hestrin, 2001a). There are different subpopulations of interneurons, and it has been found that the electrical coupling is predominan ...
... Recently investigations have revealed that many local interneuronal networks throughout the brain display electrical coupling through gap junctions (see Galarreta and Hestrin, 2001a). There are different subpopulations of interneurons, and it has been found that the electrical coupling is predominan ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.