Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... events are integrated to generate more global neural signals that trigger action potentials that initiate from the axon hillock. These action potentials then spread in two directions. They can flow in the forward direction down the axons to the synaptic endings. In addition, they can also flow backw ...
... events are integrated to generate more global neural signals that trigger action potentials that initiate from the axon hillock. These action potentials then spread in two directions. They can flow in the forward direction down the axons to the synaptic endings. In addition, they can also flow backw ...
Review Article Type 3 adenylyl cyclase: a key enzyme mediating the
... Abstract: Cilia are rigid, centriole-derived, microtubule-based organelles present in a majority of vertebrate cells including neurons. They are considered the cellular “antennae” attuned for detecting a range of extracellular signals including photons, odorants, morphogens, hormones and mechanical ...
... Abstract: Cilia are rigid, centriole-derived, microtubule-based organelles present in a majority of vertebrate cells including neurons. They are considered the cellular “antennae” attuned for detecting a range of extracellular signals including photons, odorants, morphogens, hormones and mechanical ...
Do superior colliculus projection zones in the inferior pulvinar
... nuclei of the inferior pulvinar (PIm and PIp) are retained, resulting in four quite distinguishable structures (Stepniewska & Kaas, 1997). Gutierrez et al. (1995) had previously used similar histochemical procedures to divide the PIc into three subdivisions, a ‘PIc’ corresponding to our PICM, a ‘PIL ...
... nuclei of the inferior pulvinar (PIm and PIp) are retained, resulting in four quite distinguishable structures (Stepniewska & Kaas, 1997). Gutierrez et al. (1995) had previously used similar histochemical procedures to divide the PIc into three subdivisions, a ‘PIc’ corresponding to our PICM, a ‘PIL ...
Neurotransmitter Release
... act as wiring transmitters via ionotropic receptors, and also act as “volume transmitters” via G-protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, neuromodulators in turn feed back onto classical synaptic transmission. Quantitatively, synaptic transmission is the dominant form of communication between neurons. A ...
... act as wiring transmitters via ionotropic receptors, and also act as “volume transmitters” via G-protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, neuromodulators in turn feed back onto classical synaptic transmission. Quantitatively, synaptic transmission is the dominant form of communication between neurons. A ...
Spatially and Functionally Distinct Roles of the PI3
... NGF Activation of the PI3-K Pathway in Compartmentalized Sympathetic Neurons We used dissociated sympathetic neurons obtained from newborn rat superior cervical ganglia and grown in compartmentalized cultures (Campenot, 1977; Riccio et al., 1997) to assess the subcellular distribution and state of a ...
... NGF Activation of the PI3-K Pathway in Compartmentalized Sympathetic Neurons We used dissociated sympathetic neurons obtained from newborn rat superior cervical ganglia and grown in compartmentalized cultures (Campenot, 1977; Riccio et al., 1997) to assess the subcellular distribution and state of a ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... ms before one of the two directional lights (left or right) illuminated for 100 ms. The cue-light disclosed the response direction in which the animal could retrieve fluid reward. On 20% of all trials, simultaneous with port exit, the light opposite the first illuminated to instruct the rat to inhib ...
... ms before one of the two directional lights (left or right) illuminated for 100 ms. The cue-light disclosed the response direction in which the animal could retrieve fluid reward. On 20% of all trials, simultaneous with port exit, the light opposite the first illuminated to instruct the rat to inhib ...
Serotonin in Affective Control
... the animal between orienting towards, and avoiding, potential foods. Exogenously applied serotonin also lowers feeding thresholds, and stimulates patterns of activity in the isolated nervous system that can be described as appetitively oriented fictive swimming (Gillette, 2006). This example illustr ...
... the animal between orienting towards, and avoiding, potential foods. Exogenously applied serotonin also lowers feeding thresholds, and stimulates patterns of activity in the isolated nervous system that can be described as appetitively oriented fictive swimming (Gillette, 2006). This example illustr ...
Neuron 2013 Bartolini
... on the other hand, control and orchestrate the activity of pyramidal cells. Pyramidal cells are a highly heterogeneous group of neurons with different morphological, neurochemical, and electrophysiological features. A basic classification of pyramidal cells is based on their connectivity, which is r ...
... on the other hand, control and orchestrate the activity of pyramidal cells. Pyramidal cells are a highly heterogeneous group of neurons with different morphological, neurochemical, and electrophysiological features. A basic classification of pyramidal cells is based on their connectivity, which is r ...
Week 3 – Day 1
... The swordfish has a heat-generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to 14°C above the surrounding water temperature. What structures are likely to be found in relatively high concentrations in the cells of this organ? A) Chromosomes B) Mitochondria C) Nuclei D) Ribosomes ...
... The swordfish has a heat-generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to 14°C above the surrounding water temperature. What structures are likely to be found in relatively high concentrations in the cells of this organ? A) Chromosomes B) Mitochondria C) Nuclei D) Ribosomes ...
(15 pages pdf)
... mutations in the Drosophila DA transporter (dDAT) (Kume et al., 2005; Wu et al., 2008). Consistent with these data, overexpression of the vesicular monoamine transporter (dVMAT-A), promoted hyperactivity in this species (Chang et al., 2006), as did activation of DA neurons in quiescent flies (Lima a ...
... mutations in the Drosophila DA transporter (dDAT) (Kume et al., 2005; Wu et al., 2008). Consistent with these data, overexpression of the vesicular monoamine transporter (dVMAT-A), promoted hyperactivity in this species (Chang et al., 2006), as did activation of DA neurons in quiescent flies (Lima a ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... rather than other attributes of the objects, 10 perceptual decisionbias parameters (1 for each type of digit) are set high, but other perceptual decision-bias parameters are kept low. The effect is to speed up the processing of categorizations with respect to digit types. The combined effect of the ...
... rather than other attributes of the objects, 10 perceptual decisionbias parameters (1 for each type of digit) are set high, but other perceptual decision-bias parameters are kept low. The effect is to speed up the processing of categorizations with respect to digit types. The combined effect of the ...
as a PDF
... Because animals with esophageal or gastric fistulae are not satiated by peroral water ingestion but only by replacing the deficit through the fistula, it is apparent that absorption of water into the bloodstream also is required for satiation (for review, see Refs. 17, 18, 110, 111, 153, ...
... Because animals with esophageal or gastric fistulae are not satiated by peroral water ingestion but only by replacing the deficit through the fistula, it is apparent that absorption of water into the bloodstream also is required for satiation (for review, see Refs. 17, 18, 110, 111, 153, ...
Optical brain imaging in vivo: techniques and applications from
... computed tomography 共x-ray CT兲 are also valuable and established tools for brain imaging. The obvious advantage of optical imaging over other modalities is reduced cost and infrastructure requirements 共such as shielded rooms and synchrotrons兲. However, a much more important distinction is that optic ...
... computed tomography 共x-ray CT兲 are also valuable and established tools for brain imaging. The obvious advantage of optical imaging over other modalities is reduced cost and infrastructure requirements 共such as shielded rooms and synchrotrons兲. However, a much more important distinction is that optic ...
Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... outcome, but rather its specific identity. Finally, in both regions we found correlates of the available action–outcome contingencies reflected in the baseline activity of many neurons. These results suggest that differences in information content in these two regions may not determine the different ...
... outcome, but rather its specific identity. Finally, in both regions we found correlates of the available action–outcome contingencies reflected in the baseline activity of many neurons. These results suggest that differences in information content in these two regions may not determine the different ...
Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata
... We shall see later (Section 5.5) that there is no loss of generality in considering the representation, in the case of ·nerve nets, to have the simple form of the firing (or sometimes the non-firing instead) at a certain time of a certain neuron. Por explaining response as due to stimulus., 1 t woul ...
... We shall see later (Section 5.5) that there is no loss of generality in considering the representation, in the case of ·nerve nets, to have the simple form of the firing (or sometimes the non-firing instead) at a certain time of a certain neuron. Por explaining response as due to stimulus., 1 t woul ...
The transmembrane proteins UNC-40/DCC, PTP-3/LAR
... that unc-40(e1430) might retain some function, although AQR migration and QL/QR migration were not significantly different between unc-40(e1430) and unc40(n324). A third unc-40 allele, e271, caused defects similar to unc-40(n324) that were significantly more severe than unc-40(e1430) (Figure 3). Fur ...
... that unc-40(e1430) might retain some function, although AQR migration and QL/QR migration were not significantly different between unc-40(e1430) and unc40(n324). A third unc-40 allele, e271, caused defects similar to unc-40(n324) that were significantly more severe than unc-40(e1430) (Figure 3). Fur ...
Cardiovascular depressor responses to stimulation of substantia
... withdrawal reflexes. Body temperature was monitored and maintained at 37 6 1.0°C by a heating pad controlled by a temperature controller (model 73; Yellow Springs Instruments). The animal was placed in a Kopf stereotaxic frame, and a hole was drilled through the parietal bone to expose the brain tis ...
... withdrawal reflexes. Body temperature was monitored and maintained at 37 6 1.0°C by a heating pad controlled by a temperature controller (model 73; Yellow Springs Instruments). The animal was placed in a Kopf stereotaxic frame, and a hole was drilled through the parietal bone to expose the brain tis ...
Visually induced and spontaneous behavior in the zebrafish
... can be chosen to be similar to what the animal experiences in natural conditions. Alternatively, alteration of the feedback can be used to study how the brain adapts to perturbations. For this purpose, I first generated a library of free-swimming behaviors from which I learned the relationship betwe ...
... can be chosen to be similar to what the animal experiences in natural conditions. Alternatively, alteration of the feedback can be used to study how the brain adapts to perturbations. For this purpose, I first generated a library of free-swimming behaviors from which I learned the relationship betwe ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.