Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... Light & TOC1 activate LHY & CCA1 at dawn LHY & CCA1 repress TOC1 in day, so they decline too At night TOC1 is activated (not enough LHY & CCA1) Phytochrome entrains the clock So does blue light ...
... Light & TOC1 activate LHY & CCA1 at dawn LHY & CCA1 repress TOC1 in day, so they decline too At night TOC1 is activated (not enough LHY & CCA1) Phytochrome entrains the clock So does blue light ...
(X) rotin - University of Toronto
... Fig. 4 Abnormal peripheral nerve conduction velocity and myelinated fibre size. a, Peripheral nerve motor conduction velocity. Left, motor nerve conduction velocities (NCV) in adult 4-month (mo), 35- and 20-day mice were calculated from the action potential generated by stimulating the proximal scia ...
... Fig. 4 Abnormal peripheral nerve conduction velocity and myelinated fibre size. a, Peripheral nerve motor conduction velocity. Left, motor nerve conduction velocities (NCV) in adult 4-month (mo), 35- and 20-day mice were calculated from the action potential generated by stimulating the proximal scia ...
Anandamide as an intracellular messenger regulating ion channel
... rect interaction and did not need to be hydrolysed into arachidonic acid or to alter the phosphorylation state of the channel. Indeed, anandamide has been shown previously to directly inhibit Shaker-related voltage sensitive K+ -channels at low micromolar concentrations [41]. Although the effect was ...
... rect interaction and did not need to be hydrolysed into arachidonic acid or to alter the phosphorylation state of the channel. Indeed, anandamide has been shown previously to directly inhibit Shaker-related voltage sensitive K+ -channels at low micromolar concentrations [41]. Although the effect was ...
The Influence of Retinal Afferents Upon the Development of Layers
... is a well defined cell-free zone separating lamina A from the perigeniculate nucleus rostrally and from the medial interlaminar nucleus medially. The border between the medial interlaminar nucleus and the C laminae is less clear, as in a normal animal. In contrast to this, on the side of the survivi ...
... is a well defined cell-free zone separating lamina A from the perigeniculate nucleus rostrally and from the medial interlaminar nucleus medially. The border between the medial interlaminar nucleus and the C laminae is less clear, as in a normal animal. In contrast to this, on the side of the survivi ...
Self-Construction in the Context of Cortical Growth: From One Cell to
... In this thesis we explore the biological development of the neocortex as a model for selfconstructing systems. Development begins with a single cell, and expands that cell through cell division and specialization to create a complex organism consisting of trillions (in humans) of cells. We will cons ...
... In this thesis we explore the biological development of the neocortex as a model for selfconstructing systems. Development begins with a single cell, and expands that cell through cell division and specialization to create a complex organism consisting of trillions (in humans) of cells. We will cons ...
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL
... rigidly defined than in the optic systems described above. Hislochemistry and Sub-microscopic Anatomy The above discussion gives a general view of fiber patterns in neuropil, but it is necessarily superficial. In addition to the obvious limitations resulting from this superficiality, there are at le ...
... rigidly defined than in the optic systems described above. Hislochemistry and Sub-microscopic Anatomy The above discussion gives a general view of fiber patterns in neuropil, but it is necessarily superficial. In addition to the obvious limitations resulting from this superficiality, there are at le ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... in adolescent ASD patients than controls (10.33 ± 0.74 spines/ 10 mm in ASD cases versus 6.24 ± 0.59 spines/10 mm in controls). From childhood through adolescence, dendritic spines decreased by 45% in control subjects but only by 16% in ASD patients (Figure 1E), demonstrating a developmental defec ...
... in adolescent ASD patients than controls (10.33 ± 0.74 spines/ 10 mm in ASD cases versus 6.24 ± 0.59 spines/10 mm in controls). From childhood through adolescence, dendritic spines decreased by 45% in control subjects but only by 16% in ASD patients (Figure 1E), demonstrating a developmental defec ...
Kir2 potassium channels in rat striatum are strategically
... The diversity of potassium-(K+-)specific channels far exceeds any other group of ion channels. The importance of this superfamily of eucaryotic channels is underlined by the responsibility for many regulatory processes1. Potassium channels contain alpha subunits and in some cases auxiliary beta subu ...
... The diversity of potassium-(K+-)specific channels far exceeds any other group of ion channels. The importance of this superfamily of eucaryotic channels is underlined by the responsibility for many regulatory processes1. Potassium channels contain alpha subunits and in some cases auxiliary beta subu ...
Retrograde Signaling in the Development and Modification of
... of Ca2/ usually results in an inhibition of growth cone motility (188), which is a required step for the transition into a stable nerve terminal, Ca2/ may serve as a second messenger for an early retrograde signal. In Xenopus and Helisoma cell cultures, fluorescence Ca2/ imaging has shown that conta ...
... of Ca2/ usually results in an inhibition of growth cone motility (188), which is a required step for the transition into a stable nerve terminal, Ca2/ may serve as a second messenger for an early retrograde signal. In Xenopus and Helisoma cell cultures, fluorescence Ca2/ imaging has shown that conta ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... indicated that cis-only mice recapitulate the deficits in GABAergic neurons observed in the cortex of null mutants at birth. Unexpectedly, neither Gfra1 TLZ/TLZ or cis-only mice showed any loss of Cb ⫹ cells in more rostromedial and caudomedial areas, corresponding to prospective motor and retrosple ...
... indicated that cis-only mice recapitulate the deficits in GABAergic neurons observed in the cortex of null mutants at birth. Unexpectedly, neither Gfra1 TLZ/TLZ or cis-only mice showed any loss of Cb ⫹ cells in more rostromedial and caudomedial areas, corresponding to prospective motor and retrosple ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... The monkeys were trained to perform a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task that requires the identification of a face (I-DMS task; Fig. 1A); this behavioral task was the same as that described in our preceding paper (Eifuku et al. 2004). In the I-DMS task, a sample (480 ms) stimul ...
... The monkeys were trained to perform a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task that requires the identification of a face (I-DMS task; Fig. 1A); this behavioral task was the same as that described in our preceding paper (Eifuku et al. 2004). In the I-DMS task, a sample (480 ms) stimul ...
Structure-function relationship in hierarchical model of brain networks
... The idea to use well-known cortical networks in the modelling of the neural dynamics and investigating its relation to the underlying topology has already been considered in the literature. One of the first models was proposed by Kötter and Sommer [69]. The dynamics of areas in a cat cortical netwo ...
... The idea to use well-known cortical networks in the modelling of the neural dynamics and investigating its relation to the underlying topology has already been considered in the literature. One of the first models was proposed by Kötter and Sommer [69]. The dynamics of areas in a cat cortical netwo ...
Quantified Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation in the
... section and one rat to another, the columns were localized as reproducibly as possible with the aid of low-magnification drawings of each section. The choice of wide and thin counting windows (125 x 330 pm) allowed for accurate sampling of the different laminae in every region. In Ammon’s horn and D ...
... section and one rat to another, the columns were localized as reproducibly as possible with the aid of low-magnification drawings of each section. The choice of wide and thin counting windows (125 x 330 pm) allowed for accurate sampling of the different laminae in every region. In Ammon’s horn and D ...
Neural Induction in Xenopus: Requirement for Ectodermal and
... The origin of the signals that induce the differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a long-standing question in vertebrate embryology. Here we show that Xenopus neural induction starts earlier than previously thought, at the blastula stage, and requires the combined activity of two dist ...
... The origin of the signals that induce the differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a long-standing question in vertebrate embryology. Here we show that Xenopus neural induction starts earlier than previously thought, at the blastula stage, and requires the combined activity of two dist ...
Author`s personal copy - Vanderbilt University
... Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy with a complex etiology often linked to sensitivity to intraocular pressure. Though the precise mechanisms that mediate or transduce this sensitivity are not clear, the axon of the retinal ganglion cell appears to be vulnerable to disease-relevant stressors earl ...
... Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy with a complex etiology often linked to sensitivity to intraocular pressure. Though the precise mechanisms that mediate or transduce this sensitivity are not clear, the axon of the retinal ganglion cell appears to be vulnerable to disease-relevant stressors earl ...
Chapter 15
... Most fibers of the optic tracts continue to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus Other optic tract fibers end in superior colliculi (initiating visual reflexes) and pretectal nuclei ...
... Most fibers of the optic tracts continue to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus Other optic tract fibers end in superior colliculi (initiating visual reflexes) and pretectal nuclei ...
Uncovering the Forgotten Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia on
... oculomotor nerve result in mydriasis in the late phase of SAH (39). Oculomotor nerve palsy seems to be the most common cause of pupillary irregularities, but we believe that the role of the sympathetic system should be also considered as another important factor. Spinal cord disorders, such as ische ...
... oculomotor nerve result in mydriasis in the late phase of SAH (39). Oculomotor nerve palsy seems to be the most common cause of pupillary irregularities, but we believe that the role of the sympathetic system should be also considered as another important factor. Spinal cord disorders, such as ische ...
Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... A gap in the literature concerning the processing time-scale during cognitive control ...
... A gap in the literature concerning the processing time-scale during cognitive control ...
1 - BrainMaster
... by the strong early opposition to adult neurogenesis. Their two articles should not only be the primary source for neuroscientists interested in the initial discoveries in adult neurogenesis and how they came about, but should also be of value to those interested in science history, funding, and p ...
... by the strong early opposition to adult neurogenesis. Their two articles should not only be the primary source for neuroscientists interested in the initial discoveries in adult neurogenesis and how they came about, but should also be of value to those interested in science history, funding, and p ...
N.L. Strominger et al. Cerebellum, in Noback`s Human
... cell types (granule, Golgi, stellate, basket, Purkinje). A sixth type, called a “unipolar brush cell,” was first identified in 1976 by Altman and Bayer and has been extensively studied in recent years. The estimated 50 billion (5 × 1011) granule cells are more numerous than all the neurons in ...
... cell types (granule, Golgi, stellate, basket, Purkinje). A sixth type, called a “unipolar brush cell,” was first identified in 1976 by Altman and Bayer and has been extensively studied in recent years. The estimated 50 billion (5 × 1011) granule cells are more numerous than all the neurons in ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.