Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in
... To record from unanesthetized rats, electrodes were implanted in control (n ⫽ 7), KA-treated (n ⫽ 7), and SAP-treated (n ⫽ 11) rats. Preparation for surgery was the same as for toxin injections. Holes were drilled over the posterior hypothalamus (PH), HPC, and medial perforant path (PP) for placemen ...
... To record from unanesthetized rats, electrodes were implanted in control (n ⫽ 7), KA-treated (n ⫽ 7), and SAP-treated (n ⫽ 11) rats. Preparation for surgery was the same as for toxin injections. Holes were drilled over the posterior hypothalamus (PH), HPC, and medial perforant path (PP) for placemen ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective Rodrigo A. España, PhD1; Thomas E. Scammell, MD2 ...
... Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective Rodrigo A. España, PhD1; Thomas E. Scammell, MD2 ...
avian brain nomenclature forum
... projects to the striatum and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, as well as to the hypothalamus and several brainstem areas through the so-called occipitomesencephalic tract (Zeier and Karten, 1971; Nottebohm et al., 1976; Wild, 1993; Wild et al., 1993; Veenman et al., 1995; Davis et al., 1997; Dub ...
... projects to the striatum and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, as well as to the hypothalamus and several brainstem areas through the so-called occipitomesencephalic tract (Zeier and Karten, 1971; Nottebohm et al., 1976; Wild, 1993; Wild et al., 1993; Veenman et al., 1995; Davis et al., 1997; Dub ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... What processes allow retrieval of this association? In the paired associate memory task, the experimenter gives the first word (e.g. “dishtowel”) as a cue. First this information must activate language representations in my auditory cortex. The activity will evoke some activity in the entorhinal cor ...
... What processes allow retrieval of this association? In the paired associate memory task, the experimenter gives the first word (e.g. “dishtowel”) as a cue. First this information must activate language representations in my auditory cortex. The activity will evoke some activity in the entorhinal cor ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... levels of p38 MAPK in the brain of HPC mice To determine the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, the ratio of p-p38 MAPK to T-p38 MAPK in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of mice was quantified by using Western blot with primary antibodies against p-p38 MAPK and T-p38 MAPK, respecti ...
... levels of p38 MAPK in the brain of HPC mice To determine the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, the ratio of p-p38 MAPK to T-p38 MAPK in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of mice was quantified by using Western blot with primary antibodies against p-p38 MAPK and T-p38 MAPK, respecti ...
mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS Motoharu Yoshida,
... even in the presence of atropine (2 lm), suggesting that the persistent firing can occur independent of cholinergic activation. Furthermore, ionotropic glutamate and GABAergic synaptic blockers (2 mm kynurenic acid, 100 lm picrotoxin and 1 lm CGP55845) did not block the persistent firing. On the oth ...
... even in the presence of atropine (2 lm), suggesting that the persistent firing can occur independent of cholinergic activation. Furthermore, ionotropic glutamate and GABAergic synaptic blockers (2 mm kynurenic acid, 100 lm picrotoxin and 1 lm CGP55845) did not block the persistent firing. On the oth ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... (TPC). In this thesis, we first investigate an issue that has persisted TPC since its introduction: to extend the concept to a biologically compatible readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that ...
... (TPC). In this thesis, we first investigate an issue that has persisted TPC since its introduction: to extend the concept to a biologically compatible readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that ...
Canine Olfaction: An Overview of the Anatomy, Physiology and
... training of explosive detection dogs (EDD). The salient question for training is whether to train on the naturally occurring mix of odors or a particular individual odorant that is likely to be present in the complex mix. Goldblatt et al. (2009) noted that the reports published for EDD training were ...
... training of explosive detection dogs (EDD). The salient question for training is whether to train on the naturally occurring mix of odors or a particular individual odorant that is likely to be present in the complex mix. Goldblatt et al. (2009) noted that the reports published for EDD training were ...
α-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson`s disease
... Overexpression of α-synuclein in hippocampal neurons affected the reclustering of synaptic vesicles following endocytosis, causing a reduction in the size of the synaptic vesicle recycling pool [51]. Additionally, overexpression of α-synuclein carrying the A53T or E46K mutations (which retain the ab ...
... Overexpression of α-synuclein in hippocampal neurons affected the reclustering of synaptic vesicles following endocytosis, causing a reduction in the size of the synaptic vesicle recycling pool [51]. Additionally, overexpression of α-synuclein carrying the A53T or E46K mutations (which retain the ab ...
mecp2 and the epigenetic regulation of excitatory synaptic
... expression without alteration of the actual DNA sequence. It is also believed to be a way that environment might control the phenotype of a cell. One epigenetic example is the ability of each cell in an organism, all genetically identical, to differentiate into a particular cell type to serve a spec ...
... expression without alteration of the actual DNA sequence. It is also believed to be a way that environment might control the phenotype of a cell. One epigenetic example is the ability of each cell in an organism, all genetically identical, to differentiate into a particular cell type to serve a spec ...
Chapter 143: Auditory System - Physiology
... effect. The arrows illustrate the direction of the sound waves and their pattern of reflection and refraction around the head. Baffle effect refers to the fact that sound waves impinging on a surface such as the head will be reflected. The incident and reflected waves may then combine near the side ...
... effect. The arrows illustrate the direction of the sound waves and their pattern of reflection and refraction around the head. Baffle effect refers to the fact that sound waves impinging on a surface such as the head will be reflected. The incident and reflected waves may then combine near the side ...
Axonally Synthesized ATF4 Transmits a Neurodegenerative Signal across Brain Regions Baleriola,
... synthesis inhibitors, axons were exposed to them only during the last 6 hr of the Ab1-42 treatment period. A significant increase in TUNEL-positive and corresponding decrease in calcein-positive neurons were observed upon treatment of axons with Ab1-42 (Figure 2D; Figure S2A). Inhibition of intra-ax ...
... synthesis inhibitors, axons were exposed to them only during the last 6 hr of the Ab1-42 treatment period. A significant increase in TUNEL-positive and corresponding decrease in calcein-positive neurons were observed upon treatment of axons with Ab1-42 (Figure 2D; Figure S2A). Inhibition of intra-ax ...
BDNF-induced local protein synthesis and synaptic
... domain-containing adaptor protein, type 1; GRIP1, glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1; HFS, high-frequency stimulation; hnRNP, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein; IEG, immediate-early genes; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; IRES, internal ribosomal entry site; LIMK1, LIM domain kinase 1; ...
... domain-containing adaptor protein, type 1; GRIP1, glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1; HFS, high-frequency stimulation; hnRNP, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein; IEG, immediate-early genes; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; IRES, internal ribosomal entry site; LIMK1, LIM domain kinase 1; ...
Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration in aged antinerve growth factor
... of the central nervous system innervated by the magnocellular BFCNs (4). NGF promotes the differentiation of BFCNs (5), ameliorates lesion-induced abnormalities in these cells (6), and reverses atrophy of BFCNs (7) and spatial memory impairments in aged rats (8–10). A decline in the integrity of the ...
... of the central nervous system innervated by the magnocellular BFCNs (4). NGF promotes the differentiation of BFCNs (5), ameliorates lesion-induced abnormalities in these cells (6), and reverses atrophy of BFCNs (7) and spatial memory impairments in aged rats (8–10). A decline in the integrity of the ...
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of
... DNPI had 82% amino acid homology with VGLUT1 and numerous experimenters established its expression in glutamatergic neurons and its role in vesicular glutamate transport, thus calling it VGLUT2 (Fujiama et al. 2001, Herzog et al. 2001, SakataHaga et al. 2001, Takamori et al. 2001). The two isoforms ...
... DNPI had 82% amino acid homology with VGLUT1 and numerous experimenters established its expression in glutamatergic neurons and its role in vesicular glutamate transport, thus calling it VGLUT2 (Fujiama et al. 2001, Herzog et al. 2001, SakataHaga et al. 2001, Takamori et al. 2001). The two isoforms ...
Effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on excitability in rat
... be emphasized that endogenous fields were not present in intracellular field sensitivity and optical mapping experiments. The term ‘uniform’ is consistently used in the literature to distinguish exogenous fields applied via large parallel wires, as used here, from ‘local’ or ‘radial’ fields applied ...
... be emphasized that endogenous fields were not present in intracellular field sensitivity and optical mapping experiments. The term ‘uniform’ is consistently used in the literature to distinguish exogenous fields applied via large parallel wires, as used here, from ‘local’ or ‘radial’ fields applied ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... recent studies to decode SC/OT firing rates [27!!,28,35,53]. These studies have shown that the discriminability of the peak rate (probability of selection) decreases as the difference between the priorities of the competing stimuli decreases (for instance, Figure 3b, data in black; [27!!]). The beha ...
... recent studies to decode SC/OT firing rates [27!!,28,35,53]. These studies have shown that the discriminability of the peak rate (probability of selection) decreases as the difference between the priorities of the competing stimuli decreases (for instance, Figure 3b, data in black; [27!!]). The beha ...
From Thought to Action
... However, intracellular recordings are challenging in live-animal studies because the electrode tip must be stabilized within the cell body while brain matter pulses by millimeters with each heart beat. In contrast, extracellular recordings from a single electrode allow the simultaneous observation o ...
... However, intracellular recordings are challenging in live-animal studies because the electrode tip must be stabilized within the cell body while brain matter pulses by millimeters with each heart beat. In contrast, extracellular recordings from a single electrode allow the simultaneous observation o ...
Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains
... Note that our approach is to estimate the trial-averaged socalled unconditional rate function from repeated trials without making any assumptions about the spiking model before we rescale the time axis. In a second step we then estimate statistical parameters from the transformed spike trains. A som ...
... Note that our approach is to estimate the trial-averaged socalled unconditional rate function from repeated trials without making any assumptions about the spiking model before we rescale the time axis. In a second step we then estimate statistical parameters from the transformed spike trains. A som ...
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational
... somatosensory, motor and visual areas of adult rats and adult cats. It specifies connection probabilities and connection strengths of effectively established synaptic connections between excitatory and inhibitory neocortical neurons, to which we will refer as functional connectivity in this paper. Th ...
... somatosensory, motor and visual areas of adult rats and adult cats. It specifies connection probabilities and connection strengths of effectively established synaptic connections between excitatory and inhibitory neocortical neurons, to which we will refer as functional connectivity in this paper. Th ...
The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his
... At that time, several authors supported the reticular theory proposing different types of networks, including Albrecht Von Kölliker (1817–1905), a major scholar in anatomy and embryology, (Kölliker, 1868). However, it was Joseph von Gerlach (1820–1896), an enthusiast of Kölliker’s ideas on the fusio ...
... At that time, several authors supported the reticular theory proposing different types of networks, including Albrecht Von Kölliker (1817–1905), a major scholar in anatomy and embryology, (Kölliker, 1868). However, it was Joseph von Gerlach (1820–1896), an enthusiast of Kölliker’s ideas on the fusio ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.