highlighted topics - American Journal of Physiology
... of a rhythm must reflect changes in pacemaker behavior, either directly or indirectly via an input pathway. Neuronal firing rate. Circadian rhythms of single- or multiple-unit electrical activities in the SCN have been recorded in vivo and in vitro in hypothalamic slices, slice cultures, and dissoci ...
... of a rhythm must reflect changes in pacemaker behavior, either directly or indirectly via an input pathway. Neuronal firing rate. Circadian rhythms of single- or multiple-unit electrical activities in the SCN have been recorded in vivo and in vitro in hypothalamic slices, slice cultures, and dissoci ...
2015 Cosyne Program
... to foster invention both within Qualcomm and in the community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more eff ...
... to foster invention both within Qualcomm and in the community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more eff ...
Degeneration and impaired regeneration of gray matter
... neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitors (NG2+ cells) exhibit enhanced proliferation and differentiation, although the cause of these changes in oligodendroglia is unknown. We found extensive degeneration of gray matter oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of SOD1 (G93A) ALS mice prior to disease onse ...
... neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitors (NG2+ cells) exhibit enhanced proliferation and differentiation, although the cause of these changes in oligodendroglia is unknown. We found extensive degeneration of gray matter oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of SOD1 (G93A) ALS mice prior to disease onse ...
Neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex code relative
... neurons code relative preference of available rewards. In this study, we aimed to elucidate how reward information and aversive information are coded in the OFC at the individual neuron level. To achieve this aim, we introduced the electrical stimulus (ES) as an aversive stimulus, and compared the n ...
... neurons code relative preference of available rewards. In this study, we aimed to elucidate how reward information and aversive information are coded in the OFC at the individual neuron level. To achieve this aim, we introduced the electrical stimulus (ES) as an aversive stimulus, and compared the n ...
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... Academic Editor: Rudolf E. Leube Received: 23 March 2016; Accepted: 20 April 2016; Published: 25 April 2016 ...
... Academic Editor: Rudolf E. Leube Received: 23 March 2016; Accepted: 20 April 2016; Published: 25 April 2016 ...
Reference frames for representing the location of visual and tactile
... Visual and tactile RF maps were determined for three horizontal fixation directions (01, +181 and 181). The amplitude of the RF displacement as a function of eye displacement was measured by crosscorrelating pairs of RF maps obtained for different eye positions, and was quantified by a displacement ...
... Visual and tactile RF maps were determined for three horizontal fixation directions (01, +181 and 181). The amplitude of the RF displacement as a function of eye displacement was measured by crosscorrelating pairs of RF maps obtained for different eye positions, and was quantified by a displacement ...
Layer III Neurons Control Synchronized Waves in the Immature
... Correlated spiking activity prevails in immature cortical networks and is believed to contribute to neuronal circuit maturation; however, its spatiotemporal organization is not fully understood. Using wide-field calcium imaging from acute whole-brain slices of rat pups on postnatal days 1– 6, we fou ...
... Correlated spiking activity prevails in immature cortical networks and is believed to contribute to neuronal circuit maturation; however, its spatiotemporal organization is not fully understood. Using wide-field calcium imaging from acute whole-brain slices of rat pups on postnatal days 1– 6, we fou ...
RESULTATS Capítol 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 71
... by specific signals as the main mechanism by which neuronal connections are first established between brain areas (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999), while activitydependent plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism for the final refinement and maturation of connections (Katz and Shatz, 1996). A ...
... by specific signals as the main mechanism by which neuronal connections are first established between brain areas (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999), while activitydependent plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism for the final refinement and maturation of connections (Katz and Shatz, 1996). A ...
Odorant Specificity of Single Olfactory Bulb Neurons to Amino Acids
... (Friedrich and Korsching 1998) studies of ORN nerve terminals within the OB of zebrafish did reveal OB regions responsive to particular types of amino acids, but responses of individual cells were not detected. Single OB neurons can be recorded in an intact preparation over longer average times than ...
... (Friedrich and Korsching 1998) studies of ORN nerve terminals within the OB of zebrafish did reveal OB regions responsive to particular types of amino acids, but responses of individual cells were not detected. Single OB neurons can be recorded in an intact preparation over longer average times than ...
Central Neuropeptide Y Signaling Ameliorates N
... pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y functions as a central neurotransmitter to lower blood pressure, therefore its increased signaling ...
... pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y functions as a central neurotransmitter to lower blood pressure, therefore its increased signaling ...
Stephen Hawking
... of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. Hawking discovered a theory . Hawking discovered a theory that black holes were not back, and that black holes could emit radiation, calling it Hawking Radiation. ...
... of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. Hawking discovered a theory . Hawking discovered a theory that black holes were not back, and that black holes could emit radiation, calling it Hawking Radiation. ...
Hippocampus : Neurotransmission and Plasticity in the Nervous
... one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis, the generation of new nerve cells, occurs throughout adulthood. The hippocampus is involved in physio- and pathological processes, like learning and memory, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. For these reasons, the hippocampus is one of the most ...
... one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis, the generation of new nerve cells, occurs throughout adulthood. The hippocampus is involved in physio- and pathological processes, like learning and memory, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. For these reasons, the hippocampus is one of the most ...
Dopamine-Independent Locomotion Following Blockade of N
... and/or associated with enhanced dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens (Kelley et al., 1979; Cador et al., 1989; Yoshida et al., 1997). Thus, to date the initiation of motor activity by modulating neurotransmission in the VTA is dopamine-dependent, arising from either a direct activation of ...
... and/or associated with enhanced dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens (Kelley et al., 1979; Cador et al., 1989; Yoshida et al., 1997). Thus, to date the initiation of motor activity by modulating neurotransmission in the VTA is dopamine-dependent, arising from either a direct activation of ...
A neural implementation of Bayesian inference based on predictive
... Where x is a (m by 1) vector of input activations, e is a (m by 1) vector of error neuron activations; r is a (m by 1) vector of reconstruction neuron activations; y is a (n by 1) vector of prediction neuron activations; W is a (n by m) matrix of feedforward synaptic weight values; V is a (m by n) ...
... Where x is a (m by 1) vector of input activations, e is a (m by 1) vector of error neuron activations; r is a (m by 1) vector of reconstruction neuron activations; y is a (n by 1) vector of prediction neuron activations; W is a (n by m) matrix of feedforward synaptic weight values; V is a (m by n) ...
Arc mRNA induction in striatal efferent neurons associated with response learning
... The dorsal striatum is involved in motor-response learning, but the extent to which distinct populations of striatal efferent neurons are differentially involved in such learning is unknown. Activity-regulated, cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein is an effector immediate– early gene implicated in ...
... The dorsal striatum is involved in motor-response learning, but the extent to which distinct populations of striatal efferent neurons are differentially involved in such learning is unknown. Activity-regulated, cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein is an effector immediate– early gene implicated in ...
A neural theory of speech acquisition and production
... regions of superior temporal cortex (pathways not shown in Fig. 1). These pathways are generally omitted from current implementations of the DIVA model for simplicity, although they are necessary for a more complete description of speech acquisition and production. The inputs along these pathways ma ...
... regions of superior temporal cortex (pathways not shown in Fig. 1). These pathways are generally omitted from current implementations of the DIVA model for simplicity, although they are necessary for a more complete description of speech acquisition and production. The inputs along these pathways ma ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... injections was larger than that of DY injections. The intermediate zone, zone II, was defined as the region that contained large numbers of intensely fluorescent neurons and glia. Zone II gradually changed into a peripheral zone, zone III, that contained some background tissue fluorescence and weakl ...
... injections was larger than that of DY injections. The intermediate zone, zone II, was defined as the region that contained large numbers of intensely fluorescent neurons and glia. Zone II gradually changed into a peripheral zone, zone III, that contained some background tissue fluorescence and weakl ...
Spatial distribution and characterization of non
... studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that their number and subtype could explain differences in brain size and morphology that is observed between species. In mammals, there is a correlation between the number and progenitors subtypes and the number of neurons and size of the b ...
... studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that their number and subtype could explain differences in brain size and morphology that is observed between species. In mammals, there is a correlation between the number and progenitors subtypes and the number of neurons and size of the b ...
Supraspinal control of ejaculation
... Dilates smooth muscle in vas deferens & seminal vesicles: can’t squeeze fluids Used to treat premature ejac. ...
... Dilates smooth muscle in vas deferens & seminal vesicles: can’t squeeze fluids Used to treat premature ejac. ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.