Summary - Academia Sinica
... • We can find EPSP along with IPSP after the mediodorsal stimulation, but we can just find EPSP after the parafascicular stimulation. •There is significant difference in Mem potential, EPSP duration and IPSP duration. •Our result confirm the hypothesis, and it confirms that the differential projecti ...
... • We can find EPSP along with IPSP after the mediodorsal stimulation, but we can just find EPSP after the parafascicular stimulation. •There is significant difference in Mem potential, EPSP duration and IPSP duration. •Our result confirm the hypothesis, and it confirms that the differential projecti ...
full program with abstracts
... largely due to a lack of valid mammalian in vivo models of disease. We recently created transgenic TDP-43 mice expressing cytoplasmically-targeted TDP-43 (called ‘regulatable NLS’ or rNLS mice) which develop both ALS-like TDP-43 pathology and disease phenotype. In order to define the temporal and re ...
... largely due to a lack of valid mammalian in vivo models of disease. We recently created transgenic TDP-43 mice expressing cytoplasmically-targeted TDP-43 (called ‘regulatable NLS’ or rNLS mice) which develop both ALS-like TDP-43 pathology and disease phenotype. In order to define the temporal and re ...
RHYTHM GENERATION IN SPINAL CULTURES: IS IT THE
... A/glycine/NMDA and finally mainly on AMPA receptors (Milner and Landmesser, 1999). The spontaneous rhythms seen in the spinal cord of the chick embryo have been modelled on the computer based on the two parameters of hyperexcitability and activity dependent depression (Tabak et al., 2001). Since th ...
... A/glycine/NMDA and finally mainly on AMPA receptors (Milner and Landmesser, 1999). The spontaneous rhythms seen in the spinal cord of the chick embryo have been modelled on the computer based on the two parameters of hyperexcitability and activity dependent depression (Tabak et al., 2001). Since th ...
I. MITRAL CELLS OF THE OLFACTORY BULB OF THE LIZARD S. Llahi,
... somata are often parallelly arranged to the medial surface, but at more caudal levels, perpendicular or tangential orientations can easily be observed. In the AOB mitral cells can give rise to more than one primary dendrite and corresponding tuft (fig. 4B,C) in the glomerular layer (one tuft within ...
... somata are often parallelly arranged to the medial surface, but at more caudal levels, perpendicular or tangential orientations can easily be observed. In the AOB mitral cells can give rise to more than one primary dendrite and corresponding tuft (fig. 4B,C) in the glomerular layer (one tuft within ...
Ectopic sensory neurons in mutant cockroaches
... form dense clusters of varicosities in the dorsolateral region of the glomerulus, while M has only two dorsally directed branches. M gives rise to 4 or 5 large medial branches which, along with the main axon, curve around the medial border of the glomerulus and, together with the dorsal branches, ar ...
... form dense clusters of varicosities in the dorsolateral region of the glomerulus, while M has only two dorsally directed branches. M gives rise to 4 or 5 large medial branches which, along with the main axon, curve around the medial border of the glomerulus and, together with the dorsal branches, ar ...
UPMC Eye Center Highlights
... the annual gathering of comprehensive ophthalmologists and retina specialists, and this year was no different. Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS, chair, Department of Ophthalmology; and Ken Nischal, MD, FRCOphth, director, Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, and Adult Motility represented UPMC as moderator ...
... the annual gathering of comprehensive ophthalmologists and retina specialists, and this year was no different. Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS, chair, Department of Ophthalmology; and Ken Nischal, MD, FRCOphth, director, Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, and Adult Motility represented UPMC as moderator ...
A Model of a Segmental Oscillator in the Leech Heartbeat Neuronal
... 1983b). When isolated, either of these ganglia can produce oscillations similar in period and voltage waveform to those produced when the nerve cord is intact. Therefore, these ganglia can be considered to contain segmental oscillators (Peterson, 1983a). The segmental oscillators are coupled to each ...
... 1983b). When isolated, either of these ganglia can produce oscillations similar in period and voltage waveform to those produced when the nerve cord is intact. Therefore, these ganglia can be considered to contain segmental oscillators (Peterson, 1983a). The segmental oscillators are coupled to each ...
Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
... In these animals, dense periodic accumulations of transported HRP, comprised of both retrogradely labeled cell bodies and axon terminals, are visible surrounding the injection site in the supragranular layers (2 and 3). A second set of periodicities occurs in layer 4B and the upper part of 4C. The p ...
... In these animals, dense periodic accumulations of transported HRP, comprised of both retrogradely labeled cell bodies and axon terminals, are visible surrounding the injection site in the supragranular layers (2 and 3). A second set of periodicities occurs in layer 4B and the upper part of 4C. The p ...
Distinct roles of transcription factors EGL-46 and DAF
... expression in HOB, and heterozygous hermaphrodites were Egl. Thus, sy628 and n1127 fail to complement. PCR and sequencing A 2318 bp genomic DNA fragment containing the entire egl-46 coding region was PCR amplified from sy628 mutant DNA using the pair of primers 5′-CTCCCCTTCTTGTAAGGTGTCTT-3′ and 5′AA ...
... expression in HOB, and heterozygous hermaphrodites were Egl. Thus, sy628 and n1127 fail to complement. PCR and sequencing A 2318 bp genomic DNA fragment containing the entire egl-46 coding region was PCR amplified from sy628 mutant DNA using the pair of primers 5′-CTCCCCTTCTTGTAAGGTGTCTT-3′ and 5′AA ...
psychology 2
... neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles • Enzyme: a complex protein that is manufactured by cells – One type specifically breaks up acetylcholine because muscle activity needs to happen rapidly; reuptake would be too slow. ...
... neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles • Enzyme: a complex protein that is manufactured by cells – One type specifically breaks up acetylcholine because muscle activity needs to happen rapidly; reuptake would be too slow. ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... BamHI for Gucy2d, HindIII for Sema3b and BamHI for Sema3f and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with a 5⬘ external probe for Gucy2d, and 3⬘ external probes for Sema3b and Sema3f. DNA of positive clones was digested with HindIII or EcoRI for Sema3b and Sema3f, respectively, and probed with 5⬘ e ...
... BamHI for Gucy2d, HindIII for Sema3b and BamHI for Sema3f and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with a 5⬘ external probe for Gucy2d, and 3⬘ external probes for Sema3b and Sema3f. DNA of positive clones was digested with HindIII or EcoRI for Sema3b and Sema3f, respectively, and probed with 5⬘ e ...
PLoS Biol. 2016 Oct 10.
... We found no evidence that NIf neurons signal expected auditory feedback such as could arise, for example, from an efference copy of HVC motor commands relayed to NIf via nucleus avalanche (Av) [29]. Three birds (one adult and two juveniles) truncated their song motifs by occasionally dropping the la ...
... We found no evidence that NIf neurons signal expected auditory feedback such as could arise, for example, from an efference copy of HVC motor commands relayed to NIf via nucleus avalanche (Av) [29]. Three birds (one adult and two juveniles) truncated their song motifs by occasionally dropping the la ...
File
... • The cells of excitable tissues (e.g. nerve cells and muscle cells) have the ability to produce rapid, transient changes in their membrane potential when excited (electrical signals or action potential). • The constant membrane potential present in the cells of non-excitable tissues (cells do not p ...
... • The cells of excitable tissues (e.g. nerve cells and muscle cells) have the ability to produce rapid, transient changes in their membrane potential when excited (electrical signals or action potential). • The constant membrane potential present in the cells of non-excitable tissues (cells do not p ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... range of spatial positions and orientations. The exponent n in V1 neurons is generally between 1.0 and 3.5, with an average of about 2 (REFS 48–50). Box 1 | The normalization equation The normalization model is defined by a simple equation, the normalization equation. This equation specifies how the ...
... range of spatial positions and orientations. The exponent n in V1 neurons is generally between 1.0 and 3.5, with an average of about 2 (REFS 48–50). Box 1 | The normalization equation The normalization model is defined by a simple equation, the normalization equation. This equation specifies how the ...
E45021924
... raphenuclei, the LC, the vagal motor and sensory nuclei, the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as well as the preganglionic sympathetic neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord [2]. The structure of the nonapeptide oxytocin differs by only two amino acids from that of vasopressin, whi ...
... raphenuclei, the LC, the vagal motor and sensory nuclei, the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as well as the preganglionic sympathetic neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord [2]. The structure of the nonapeptide oxytocin differs by only two amino acids from that of vasopressin, whi ...
PDF - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... shown above the instantaneous firing rate (IFR) of a single GPi axon terminal recorded in the medial nucleus of the dorsolateral thalamus (DLM). B: expanded view of song (top), spiking activity (middle) and IFR (bottom) aligned to the onset of a single syllable (marked with blue asterisks). C and D: ...
... shown above the instantaneous firing rate (IFR) of a single GPi axon terminal recorded in the medial nucleus of the dorsolateral thalamus (DLM). B: expanded view of song (top), spiking activity (middle) and IFR (bottom) aligned to the onset of a single syllable (marked with blue asterisks). C and D: ...
BOLD fMRI study of ultrahigh frequency encoding in the
... Portfors et al., 2009; Portfors and Wenstrup, 2002). This strategy could effectively reduce the large number of combinations to test, but also induced large variation in the frequency values tested in a study. With such limitations, it was not addressed whether UHFs are encoded in a generally organi ...
... Portfors et al., 2009; Portfors and Wenstrup, 2002). This strategy could effectively reduce the large number of combinations to test, but also induced large variation in the frequency values tested in a study. With such limitations, it was not addressed whether UHFs are encoded in a generally organi ...
Integration of Visual and Auditory Information by Superior Temporal
... auditory signals on the visual response. Effect of Sound on Visual Responses Auditory signals had a significant effect on the visual response in 22 (23%) of the 95 cells with visual responses. The visual response was significantly augmented in 8 of 95 cells and significantly attenuated in 8 of 95 ce ...
... auditory signals on the visual response. Effect of Sound on Visual Responses Auditory signals had a significant effect on the visual response in 22 (23%) of the 95 cells with visual responses. The visual response was significantly augmented in 8 of 95 cells and significantly attenuated in 8 of 95 ce ...
Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata
... To test the behavioral representation of stable object-value memories, we used a free viewing task (Yasuda et al. 2012). On each trial, four of a set of eight fractal objects were chosen randomly, regardless of their values, and were presented simultaneously for 2 s. The monkey was free to look at t ...
... To test the behavioral representation of stable object-value memories, we used a free viewing task (Yasuda et al. 2012). On each trial, four of a set of eight fractal objects were chosen randomly, regardless of their values, and were presented simultaneously for 2 s. The monkey was free to look at t ...
Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... considered a thyroid hormone inactivating enzyme in euthyroid conditions by producing inactive rT3 or T2 [14]. The liver and kidney, where D1 participates in the clearance of TH derivatives, contains a relatively large concentration of this enzyme, but D1 is also present in the anterior pituitary, i ...
... considered a thyroid hormone inactivating enzyme in euthyroid conditions by producing inactive rT3 or T2 [14]. The liver and kidney, where D1 participates in the clearance of TH derivatives, contains a relatively large concentration of this enzyme, but D1 is also present in the anterior pituitary, i ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.