Unusual ultrastructural findings in dendrites of pyramidal
... street rabies virus of canine origin. The animals that showed an advanced stage of disease were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde. Brains were removed and cut on a vibratome to obtain coronal slices of 200 micrometers of thickness. Vibratome slices were subjected to the fol ...
... street rabies virus of canine origin. The animals that showed an advanced stage of disease were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde. Brains were removed and cut on a vibratome to obtain coronal slices of 200 micrometers of thickness. Vibratome slices were subjected to the fol ...
Caudo‐rostral brain spreading of α‐synuclein through vagal
... analyses measured total (rat þ human) and rat-only a-syn mRNA levels. Data are shown from (i) the MO of control rats (black bars, n ¼ 6), (ii) the left (AAVinjected side) MO of low expressor animals (gray bars, n ¼ 4), (iii) the left (AAV-injected side) MO of high expressor rats (red bars, n ¼ 10), ...
... analyses measured total (rat þ human) and rat-only a-syn mRNA levels. Data are shown from (i) the MO of control rats (black bars, n ¼ 6), (ii) the left (AAVinjected side) MO of low expressor animals (gray bars, n ¼ 4), (iii) the left (AAV-injected side) MO of high expressor rats (red bars, n ¼ 10), ...
Similar Inhibitory Processes Dominate the Responses of Cat Lateral
... Recent evidence suggests that local inhibitory processes are major determinants of LAT neuronal activity and are central to its normal functioning as, for example, a decrease in GABAergic neurons within this structure is correlated with the development of kindled seizures (Callahan et al. 1991). In ...
... Recent evidence suggests that local inhibitory processes are major determinants of LAT neuronal activity and are central to its normal functioning as, for example, a decrease in GABAergic neurons within this structure is correlated with the development of kindled seizures (Callahan et al. 1991). In ...
Neurodevelopmental mechanisms of schizophrenia: understanding
... Compelling genetic evidence for DISC1 was initially obtained from a large Scottish pedigree in which a majority of family members with disruption of DISC1 suffer from psychiatric illnesses, including SZ [10,11]. Biological studies have revealed that both NRG1 and DISC1 are multifunctional in nature, ...
... Compelling genetic evidence for DISC1 was initially obtained from a large Scottish pedigree in which a majority of family members with disruption of DISC1 suffer from psychiatric illnesses, including SZ [10,11]. Biological studies have revealed that both NRG1 and DISC1 are multifunctional in nature, ...
From Membrane to Cytoskeleton: Minireview
... ligands or cytoskeletal associations. In Drosophila, previous work has demonstrated that the phosphatases Dlar, DPTP69D, and DPTP99A are required for entry of the ISNb growth cones into the muscle field and for ISNb defasciculation (e.g., Krueger et al., 1996). In the mouse, a hypomorphic lar mutati ...
... ligands or cytoskeletal associations. In Drosophila, previous work has demonstrated that the phosphatases Dlar, DPTP69D, and DPTP99A are required for entry of the ISNb growth cones into the muscle field and for ISNb defasciculation (e.g., Krueger et al., 1996). In the mouse, a hypomorphic lar mutati ...
Development and evolution of the insect mushroom bodies: towards
... level of the medial lobe (M), medial to the left. In this species the Kenyon cell somata (Kc) can be subdivided into three concentric subpopulations (oc, nc, ic) based on size and location about each calyx (C). Kenyon cells provide dendrites into the calyces and their axons continue into the short p ...
... level of the medial lobe (M), medial to the left. In this species the Kenyon cell somata (Kc) can be subdivided into three concentric subpopulations (oc, nc, ic) based on size and location about each calyx (C). Kenyon cells provide dendrites into the calyces and their axons continue into the short p ...
Reuss 9..48
... it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately be detected when respective changes were out of ph ...
... it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately be detected when respective changes were out of ph ...
the human entorhinal cortex
... different subset of topographically-organized entorhinal outputs. 1B) Based on the shape of the somata and primary dendritic trees, spiny neurons were divided into classical pyramidal, stellate, modified stellate, and horizontal tripolar cells. Vertical extension of the dendritic branches to adjacen ...
... different subset of topographically-organized entorhinal outputs. 1B) Based on the shape of the somata and primary dendritic trees, spiny neurons were divided into classical pyramidal, stellate, modified stellate, and horizontal tripolar cells. Vertical extension of the dendritic branches to adjacen ...
Hybrid Scheme for Modeling Local Field Potentials from Point
... the activity of point-neuron networks (e.g., population firing rates, synaptic currents and membrane potentials) has nevertheless been used as a proxy for the LFP when comparing with experiments. In a recent study comparing different candidate proxies, it was found that a suitably chosen sum of synap ...
... the activity of point-neuron networks (e.g., population firing rates, synaptic currents and membrane potentials) has nevertheless been used as a proxy for the LFP when comparing with experiments. In a recent study comparing different candidate proxies, it was found that a suitably chosen sum of synap ...
Morphology, Deep cerebellar nuclei, C. gambianus
... AGR than the later [27]. In the same vein, IN has is reported to be the largest nuclei in chinchilla, some rodents [28], and in the whale [16]. Base on function, the IN is considered as the principal nucleus for getting sensory information from bodily receptors; hence, whale has a large surface area ...
... AGR than the later [27]. In the same vein, IN has is reported to be the largest nuclei in chinchilla, some rodents [28], and in the whale [16]. Base on function, the IN is considered as the principal nucleus for getting sensory information from bodily receptors; hence, whale has a large surface area ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... neurons containing 5HT and dopamine and also measured the dopamine content in the Helix brain; Janet Loker showed that many snail neurons that contained 5HT also responded to applied 5HT; Charles Marsden extended the fluorescence studies and showed the presence of a large dopamine containing neuron ...
... neurons containing 5HT and dopamine and also measured the dopamine content in the Helix brain; Janet Loker showed that many snail neurons that contained 5HT also responded to applied 5HT; Charles Marsden extended the fluorescence studies and showed the presence of a large dopamine containing neuron ...
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
... MNS (mirror neuron system) in human beings, for example with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Iacoboni and colleagues (1999) performed an fMRI on subjects while they were watching someone else move their fingers and while performing finger movements of their own. During this action ...
... MNS (mirror neuron system) in human beings, for example with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Iacoboni and colleagues (1999) performed an fMRI on subjects while they were watching someone else move their fingers and while performing finger movements of their own. During this action ...
Lysosomal function in macromolecular homeostasis and
... genetic polymorphisms may contribute to alterations of its function and predisposition to neurodegenerative diseases via alterations of transcription of lysosomal proteins (Figure 1). In addition to gene expression, lysosomal activities are also regulated when proteins are targeted to the organelle. ...
... genetic polymorphisms may contribute to alterations of its function and predisposition to neurodegenerative diseases via alterations of transcription of lysosomal proteins (Figure 1). In addition to gene expression, lysosomal activities are also regulated when proteins are targeted to the organelle. ...
High-frequency stimulation in Parkinson`s disease: more
... latency (w1 ms) action potentials evoked by direct stimulation of nearby cell bodies or axons. This problem is exemplified by results following intranuclear LFS. LFS is commonly used to evoke EPSPs and spikes in intracellular recordings in vitro. These evoked spikes have not been observed in extrace ...
... latency (w1 ms) action potentials evoked by direct stimulation of nearby cell bodies or axons. This problem is exemplified by results following intranuclear LFS. LFS is commonly used to evoke EPSPs and spikes in intracellular recordings in vitro. These evoked spikes have not been observed in extrace ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Figure 1. Location and phenotype of RTN neurons A, transverse section through the caudal end of the facial motor nucleus (FN, Sprague–Dawley adult rat; bregma −11.6 mm; myelin stain; scale 500 µm). Box showing approximate location of retrotrapezoid nucleus. B, RTN identified as Phox2b-immunoreactive ...
... Figure 1. Location and phenotype of RTN neurons A, transverse section through the caudal end of the facial motor nucleus (FN, Sprague–Dawley adult rat; bregma −11.6 mm; myelin stain; scale 500 µm). Box showing approximate location of retrotrapezoid nucleus. B, RTN identified as Phox2b-immunoreactive ...
neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus
... from the hippocampal formation (Swanson and Cowan, 1977) and the amygdala (Krettek and Price, 1978; Newman and Winans, 1980), this evidence has led to the suggestion that it may serve as an important link between the limbic system on the one hand and somatomotor control systems on the other (Swanson ...
... from the hippocampal formation (Swanson and Cowan, 1977) and the amygdala (Krettek and Price, 1978; Newman and Winans, 1980), this evidence has led to the suggestion that it may serve as an important link between the limbic system on the one hand and somatomotor control systems on the other (Swanson ...
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades
... 15°, and the center). The task started with the Figure 1. AnatomyoftheCDt.A,AnMRimageincludingthecaudatetail.Theimageplaneistiltedlaterallyby25°inwhichmostofthe presentation of a central spot of light [fixation electrode tracks to the CDt are included. The CDt is indicated by arrows. Below the CDt i ...
... 15°, and the center). The task started with the Figure 1. AnatomyoftheCDt.A,AnMRimageincludingthecaudatetail.Theimageplaneistiltedlaterallyby25°inwhichmostofthe presentation of a central spot of light [fixation electrode tracks to the CDt are included. The CDt is indicated by arrows. Below the CDt i ...
Massive normalization of olfactory bulb output in mice with a
... the inability of these mice to detect the pervasive glomerular activity evoked by acetophenone? To explore the link between odor-evoked sensory neuron activity and behavior we analyzed the activity of olfactory bulb mitral cells, the main output neurons of the olfactory bulb. Two-photon calcium imag ...
... the inability of these mice to detect the pervasive glomerular activity evoked by acetophenone? To explore the link between odor-evoked sensory neuron activity and behavior we analyzed the activity of olfactory bulb mitral cells, the main output neurons of the olfactory bulb. Two-photon calcium imag ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.