How Spike Generation Mechanisms Determine the Neuronal
... of a simple conductance-based model extremely well. Our study shows how an intrinsic neuronal property (the characteristics of fast sodium channels) determines the speed with which neurons can track changes in input. Key words: populations of spiking neurons; noise; dynamics; sodium channel; integra ...
... of a simple conductance-based model extremely well. Our study shows how an intrinsic neuronal property (the characteristics of fast sodium channels) determines the speed with which neurons can track changes in input. Key words: populations of spiking neurons; noise; dynamics; sodium channel; integra ...
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex - LIRA-Lab
... cortex to gain insights into their functional roles. GABA-mediated inhibition exerts a powerful control over cortical neuronal activity, and GABA transport contributes to modulate GABA’s action. As altered GATs activity and/or expression are likely to affect markedly cortical function, the second ai ...
... cortex to gain insights into their functional roles. GABA-mediated inhibition exerts a powerful control over cortical neuronal activity, and GABA transport contributes to modulate GABA’s action. As altered GATs activity and/or expression are likely to affect markedly cortical function, the second ai ...
PDF file
... a touch on the lip) but does not need to model any extrabody concepts (e.g., oriented edge of an extra-body object). All representations for extra-body concepts emerge through interactions with the extra-body environment. Such extra-body concepts include type, location, scale, owner, retail price, a ...
... a touch on the lip) but does not need to model any extrabody concepts (e.g., oriented edge of an extra-body object). All representations for extra-body concepts emerge through interactions with the extra-body environment. Such extra-body concepts include type, location, scale, owner, retail price, a ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... preganglionic nerve bundle revealed that in HT, a greater number of neurons receive strong synaptic inputs. Application of high-frequency, low amplitude stimulation of the preganglionic nerve revealed that a greater proportion of neurons from NT rats underwent long-term potentiation of excitatory po ...
... preganglionic nerve bundle revealed that in HT, a greater number of neurons receive strong synaptic inputs. Application of high-frequency, low amplitude stimulation of the preganglionic nerve revealed that a greater proportion of neurons from NT rats underwent long-term potentiation of excitatory po ...
Molecular mechanisms of growth cone guidance
... and signal transduction are of great interest to developmental neurobiologists. Because of the enormous complexity of the nervous system, most of our knowledge about protein function has been gained from in vitro experiments in which the role of individual molecules can be studied more easily. Howev ...
... and signal transduction are of great interest to developmental neurobiologists. Because of the enormous complexity of the nervous system, most of our knowledge about protein function has been gained from in vitro experiments in which the role of individual molecules can be studied more easily. Howev ...
Luczak, 2015 - University of Lethbridge
... more‑complex, continuous stimuli, at least in the auditory cortex. For example, in the rat auditory cortex, the population response to complex sounds, such as an insect vocalization, comprises multiple activity packets evoked by acoustic transients35. These packets have a similar, although not ident ...
... more‑complex, continuous stimuli, at least in the auditory cortex. For example, in the rat auditory cortex, the population response to complex sounds, such as an insect vocalization, comprises multiple activity packets evoked by acoustic transients35. These packets have a similar, although not ident ...
Brain stem excitatory and inhibitory signaling pathways regulating
... this equilibrium may lead to dramatic functional changes. Recent findings indicate that excitatory signals arising from bronchopulmonary afferents and/or the peripheral chemosensory system activate second-order neurons within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), via a glutamate-AMPA signaling pa ...
... this equilibrium may lead to dramatic functional changes. Recent findings indicate that excitatory signals arising from bronchopulmonary afferents and/or the peripheral chemosensory system activate second-order neurons within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), via a glutamate-AMPA signaling pa ...
Distribution of Agrin mRNAs in the Chick Embryo Nervous System
... agrin-like molecules on the surface of the motor axon (Cohen and Godfrey, 1992). Thus, agrin appears to be involved in neuromuscular synaptogenesis from the time axons contact muscle cells. In addition to agrin’s localization in the synaptic basal lamina, agrin-like proteins are also present in most ...
... agrin-like molecules on the surface of the motor axon (Cohen and Godfrey, 1992). Thus, agrin appears to be involved in neuromuscular synaptogenesis from the time axons contact muscle cells. In addition to agrin’s localization in the synaptic basal lamina, agrin-like proteins are also present in most ...
Appetitive associative learning recruits a distinct
... Thus, both early and late training groups received identical training sessions, the only difference was how many sessions they received. The control groups in this study (groups Tone and Food) were designed for Fos imaging, and as such aid interpretation of differential Fos induction. A potential alte ...
... Thus, both early and late training groups received identical training sessions, the only difference was how many sessions they received. The control groups in this study (groups Tone and Food) were designed for Fos imaging, and as such aid interpretation of differential Fos induction. A potential alte ...
Local Connections to Specific Types of Layer 6
... we measured the length of basal and apical dendrites as well as the numbers of their respective branches and terminations within each layer. Cells with poor biocytin labeling, such that their anatomical type could not be determined, were excluded from the study. Some cells were well-labeled without ...
... we measured the length of basal and apical dendrites as well as the numbers of their respective branches and terminations within each layer. Cells with poor biocytin labeling, such that their anatomical type could not be determined, were excluded from the study. Some cells were well-labeled without ...
Sample
... Rationale: Movement of the axon membrane potential from -70 mV to -90 mV would be termed a(n) hyperpolarization. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 31 Objective: Conceptual LO: 2.5 APA: 1.1 49) Movement of the axon membrane potential from -90 mV to -80 mV would be termed a(n) A) depolarization. B) threshold potenti ...
... Rationale: Movement of the axon membrane potential from -70 mV to -90 mV would be termed a(n) hyperpolarization. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 31 Objective: Conceptual LO: 2.5 APA: 1.1 49) Movement of the axon membrane potential from -90 mV to -80 mV would be termed a(n) A) depolarization. B) threshold potenti ...
Neuroethology of reward and decision making
... 1979; Hawkes et al. 1982), has been found to fit the general predictions of the prey model. However, as is often the case in economics, MacArthur and Pianka’s simple model does not perfectly describe behaviour in the real world. While the formal mathematical derivation of the prey model predicts a s ...
... 1979; Hawkes et al. 1982), has been found to fit the general predictions of the prey model. However, as is often the case in economics, MacArthur and Pianka’s simple model does not perfectly describe behaviour in the real world. While the formal mathematical derivation of the prey model predicts a s ...
18
... retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying computational mechanisms of the stereo vision in the human brain is still largely ...
... retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying computational mechanisms of the stereo vision in the human brain is still largely ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
... people would eat something tasty even after being satiated nor odd behaviors such as treating predictive stimuli as reward (e.g., gnawing on a food dish as if it were food). Drive reduction theories lost their appeal after Olds & Milner (53) observed that rats could be trained using mild electrical ...
... people would eat something tasty even after being satiated nor odd behaviors such as treating predictive stimuli as reward (e.g., gnawing on a food dish as if it were food). Drive reduction theories lost their appeal after Olds & Milner (53) observed that rats could be trained using mild electrical ...
The control of rostrocaudal pattern in the developing spinal cord
... within the developing chick hindbrain (Itasaki et al., 1996; Grapin-Botton et al., 1997). At spinal cord levels, signals from the somites have been shown to restrict the rostrocaudal spread of clonally related cells (Stern et al., 1991). Moreover, different rostrocaudal domains of the embryonic spin ...
... within the developing chick hindbrain (Itasaki et al., 1996; Grapin-Botton et al., 1997). At spinal cord levels, signals from the somites have been shown to restrict the rostrocaudal spread of clonally related cells (Stern et al., 1991). Moreover, different rostrocaudal domains of the embryonic spin ...
Association of Poly(A) mRNA with Microtubules
... drugs adds further complications to this procedure, and it cannot be determined as yet whether poly(A) mRNA within the neuronal cell body is bound to actin, as has been reported for other non-process-bearing cells. However, non-processbearing cells present in the neuronal cultures were found to have ...
... drugs adds further complications to this procedure, and it cannot be determined as yet whether poly(A) mRNA within the neuronal cell body is bound to actin, as has been reported for other non-process-bearing cells. However, non-processbearing cells present in the neuronal cultures were found to have ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... wild-type mice (18, 19). Plasma leptin levels reflect both energy stores and acute energy balance. Circulating leptin decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure through activation of receptors in hypothalamic and brain stem neurons (16) . The leptin receptor, encoded by the Ob-R gene, wa ...
... wild-type mice (18, 19). Plasma leptin levels reflect both energy stores and acute energy balance. Circulating leptin decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure through activation of receptors in hypothalamic and brain stem neurons (16) . The leptin receptor, encoded by the Ob-R gene, wa ...
hypothalamus, pit..
... The hypothalamus is a small area, weighing about 4 g of the total 1,400 g of adult brain weight, but it is the only 4 g of brain without which life itself is impossible. The hypothalamus is so critical for life because it contains the integrative circuitry that coordinates autonomic, endocrine, and ...
... The hypothalamus is a small area, weighing about 4 g of the total 1,400 g of adult brain weight, but it is the only 4 g of brain without which life itself is impossible. The hypothalamus is so critical for life because it contains the integrative circuitry that coordinates autonomic, endocrine, and ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.