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... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
A Comparison of Neural Spike Classification Techniques.
... recordings can be used to determine the unique spike shape that is produced by each of the four neurons. The insect samples the leaf upon which it is feeding approximately once per second. Thus we record one second of neural activity after the application of a chemical stimulus. These one-second tri ...
... recordings can be used to determine the unique spike shape that is produced by each of the four neurons. The insect samples the leaf upon which it is feeding approximately once per second. Thus we record one second of neural activity after the application of a chemical stimulus. These one-second tri ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... display conditioned responses. Increases in background activity (5/22) developed in animals that became more tonically aroused during conditioning. However, both increases (11/22) and decreases (10/22) in evoked activity developed independently of the rate of pupillary learning, tonic arousal level, ...
... display conditioned responses. Increases in background activity (5/22) developed in animals that became more tonically aroused during conditioning. However, both increases (11/22) and decreases (10/22) in evoked activity developed independently of the rate of pupillary learning, tonic arousal level, ...
The SUPERFAMILY database in structural genomics
... As a result of the increase in the rate of experimental determination of DNA sequences and the consequent success of the genome-sequencing projects, there are now (publicly available) over 60 completely sequenced genomes spanning all kingdoms of life. More recently, there have arisen structural geno ...
... As a result of the increase in the rate of experimental determination of DNA sequences and the consequent success of the genome-sequencing projects, there are now (publicly available) over 60 completely sequenced genomes spanning all kingdoms of life. More recently, there have arisen structural geno ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... mapped the direction tuning of the cells with the small and large gratings moving in 1 of 16 equally spaced directions, presented for 1 s. This provided us with the preadaptation tuning curve and was used to select the adapter direction. Paradigms and visual stimuli (anesthetized and awake). We meas ...
... mapped the direction tuning of the cells with the small and large gratings moving in 1 of 16 equally spaced directions, presented for 1 s. This provided us with the preadaptation tuning curve and was used to select the adapter direction. Paradigms and visual stimuli (anesthetized and awake). We meas ...
Brainstem: Midbrain - nikolai.lazarov.pro
... ovoid mass ~ 5 mm in diameter pinkish-yellow in color – iron-containing pigment ...
... ovoid mass ~ 5 mm in diameter pinkish-yellow in color – iron-containing pigment ...
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... domain, the mossy fiber endings. Mossy fibers are large, vesicle-filled terminals that are surrounded by postsynaptic dendrites and are distributed in granule cell areas of both the cerebellum (Mugnaini, 1972; Palay and Chan-Palay, 1974) and the cochlear nucleus (McDonald and Rasmussen, 1971; Mugnai ...
... domain, the mossy fiber endings. Mossy fibers are large, vesicle-filled terminals that are surrounded by postsynaptic dendrites and are distributed in granule cell areas of both the cerebellum (Mugnaini, 1972; Palay and Chan-Palay, 1974) and the cochlear nucleus (McDonald and Rasmussen, 1971; Mugnai ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
... room temperature, rinsed with K PBS, and then placed at 4°C in avidinbiotinylated peroxidase complex (ABC kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) overnight. Finally, the sections were rinsed in K PBS and placed in sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% diaminobenzidine, 0.008% nickel ammonium su ...
... room temperature, rinsed with K PBS, and then placed at 4°C in avidinbiotinylated peroxidase complex (ABC kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) overnight. Finally, the sections were rinsed in K PBS and placed in sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% diaminobenzidine, 0.008% nickel ammonium su ...
PDF of article - Janelia Research Campus
... The Drosophila brain is formed by an invariant set of lineages, each of which is derived from a unique neural stem cell (neuroblast) and forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by ...
... The Drosophila brain is formed by an invariant set of lineages, each of which is derived from a unique neural stem cell (neuroblast) and forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by ...
in Primate STT Cells Differentially Modulate Brief
... potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) cells is the first to address the role of group II and group III mGluRs in brief nonnociceptive and nociceptive transmi ...
... potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) cells is the first to address the role of group II and group III mGluRs in brief nonnociceptive and nociceptive transmi ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
... Visual Processing, Remapping, and Target Selection The FEF is also a visual area. As noted above, visual responses in the FEF can have very short latencies. These short-latency responses are very sensitive, being immune to masking (Thompson & Schall 2000; cf. Libedinsky & Livingstone 2011) but often ...
... Visual Processing, Remapping, and Target Selection The FEF is also a visual area. As noted above, visual responses in the FEF can have very short latencies. These short-latency responses are very sensitive, being immune to masking (Thompson & Schall 2000; cf. Libedinsky & Livingstone 2011) but often ...
Shared and distinct retinal input to the mouse superior colliculus and
... from lambda, 0.3–1.0 mm lateral from the midline, and 0.9 –1.2 mm deep from the pial surface. Coordinates targeting the dLGN were 1.2–1.6 mm rostral to lambda, 2.2–2.3 mm lateral to the midline, and 2.5–2.7 mm below the pial surface. In nearly all cases we injected 50 –100 nl of virus or DiO/DiI/DiD ...
... from lambda, 0.3–1.0 mm lateral from the midline, and 0.9 –1.2 mm deep from the pial surface. Coordinates targeting the dLGN were 1.2–1.6 mm rostral to lambda, 2.2–2.3 mm lateral to the midline, and 2.5–2.7 mm below the pial surface. In nearly all cases we injected 50 –100 nl of virus or DiO/DiI/DiD ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... messages like the effective state of a caller (Schehka 2009). Communication is a key area of animal behavior because all social interactions among individuals are based on the exchange of information. For communication to occur, a sender has to encode information in a signal, which is then transmitt ...
... messages like the effective state of a caller (Schehka 2009). Communication is a key area of animal behavior because all social interactions among individuals are based on the exchange of information. For communication to occur, a sender has to encode information in a signal, which is then transmitt ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... There is empirical evidence that errors result in adjustments of behavior in several ways. First, subjects can correct their action slips resulting from premature responses immediately after they have committed an error [62]. Second, subjects slow down on subsequent trials after errors, a phenomenon ...
... There is empirical evidence that errors result in adjustments of behavior in several ways. First, subjects can correct their action slips resulting from premature responses immediately after they have committed an error [62]. Second, subjects slow down on subsequent trials after errors, a phenomenon ...
Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine‐radiographic
... 3H-thymidinefrom gestational day E l 2 and 13 (El2+ 13)until the day before parturition (E21+ 22) in order to label in their embryos the proliferating precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons generated (nolonger labeled) on specific embryonic days was determined quantitativ ...
... 3H-thymidinefrom gestational day E l 2 and 13 (El2+ 13)until the day before parturition (E21+ 22) in order to label in their embryos the proliferating precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons generated (nolonger labeled) on specific embryonic days was determined quantitativ ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... Johanness Purkinje (1787–1869). Later came the pioneering discovery by Camillo Golgi (1843–1956) who developed method for visualization of neurons which lead Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) to propose the concept that the nervous system is made of individual units and not just continuous mass of ...
... Johanness Purkinje (1787–1869). Later came the pioneering discovery by Camillo Golgi (1843–1956) who developed method for visualization of neurons which lead Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) to propose the concept that the nervous system is made of individual units and not just continuous mass of ...
String Art: Axon Tracts in the Spinal Cord Spinal reflex arcs
... motor neurons on both sides of the spinal cord. ...
... motor neurons on both sides of the spinal cord. ...
Different neurotrophins are expressed and act in a developmental
... response to BDNF and NT-3 prior to naturally occurring cell death The survival effects of neurotrophins on cultured embryonic trigeminal neurons are clearly observed after 48 hours incubation when virtually all neurons have died in control cultures. Furthermore, since the serum-free medium used in t ...
... response to BDNF and NT-3 prior to naturally occurring cell death The survival effects of neurotrophins on cultured embryonic trigeminal neurons are clearly observed after 48 hours incubation when virtually all neurons have died in control cultures. Furthermore, since the serum-free medium used in t ...
The Rat Ventromedial Thalamic Nucleus and Motor Control: Role of
... the ventral thalamic nuclei (Hunt and Schmidt, 1978; Rotter et al., 1979). An excitatory amino acid, possibly L-glutamate, is the most likely transmitter candidate of several corticofugal pathways, including the corticothalamic pathway (Fonnum et al., 1981; Young et al., 198 1). Excitatory amino aci ...
... the ventral thalamic nuclei (Hunt and Schmidt, 1978; Rotter et al., 1979). An excitatory amino acid, possibly L-glutamate, is the most likely transmitter candidate of several corticofugal pathways, including the corticothalamic pathway (Fonnum et al., 1981; Young et al., 198 1). Excitatory amino aci ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.