Layer 4 in Primary Visual Cortex
... In mammalian primary visual cortex (V1), layer 4 is the major input layer. It receives direct thalamocortical inputs, performs some of the earliest cortical computations and provides the main entrance of sensory information to the cortex. The first part of the current project investigated the respon ...
... In mammalian primary visual cortex (V1), layer 4 is the major input layer. It receives direct thalamocortical inputs, performs some of the earliest cortical computations and provides the main entrance of sensory information to the cortex. The first part of the current project investigated the respon ...
Dendritic Morphology of Pyramidal Neurons in the
... narrowed and then tapered off and could be found within the 120-mm section thickness. To avoid sampling neurons from different cortical layers, an ongoing tally of average soma depth was recorded, and neurons were selected within a range that spanned across cortical layer III (mean soma depth for ar ...
... narrowed and then tapered off and could be found within the 120-mm section thickness. To avoid sampling neurons from different cortical layers, an ongoing tally of average soma depth was recorded, and neurons were selected within a range that spanned across cortical layer III (mean soma depth for ar ...
Limitations in anti-obesity drug development: the critical role of
... behaviour by acting on neurons in the hypothalamus and the brainstem. During periods of satiety, the body works towards storage of the acquired nutrients. Satiety is associated with increased sympathetic activity, which promotes both insulin release by the pancreas (and thus stimulates glucose stora ...
... behaviour by acting on neurons in the hypothalamus and the brainstem. During periods of satiety, the body works towards storage of the acquired nutrients. Satiety is associated with increased sympathetic activity, which promotes both insulin release by the pancreas (and thus stimulates glucose stora ...
Effects of High Salt-Exposure on the Development of Retina and
... the functions of the blood and the extracellular space. In pregnancy, the balance of salt and water is critical for pregnancy induced plasma volume expansion [3]. But when dietary sodium intake exceeds the physiologic demands it can become a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in later life [1]. ...
... the functions of the blood and the extracellular space. In pregnancy, the balance of salt and water is critical for pregnancy induced plasma volume expansion [3]. But when dietary sodium intake exceeds the physiologic demands it can become a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in later life [1]. ...
Contextual Modulation of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons
... performed on the unaveraged raw data for each of our three saccade types to identify best-fit planes that described the movement fields. In a previous description of the terminal saccade data presented here (Handel and Glimcher 1999a), we showed that these planes described nigral response fields at ...
... performed on the unaveraged raw data for each of our three saccade types to identify best-fit planes that described the movement fields. In a previous description of the terminal saccade data presented here (Handel and Glimcher 1999a), we showed that these planes described nigral response fields at ...
During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks
... much less influenced than M1 by external forces during static posture and arm movement (Kalaska and Hyde 1985; Kalaska et al. 1990). Also in contrast to M1, the directionality of movement-dependent and load-dependent response modulations of area 5 neurons were not strongly coupled (Kalaska et al. 19 ...
... much less influenced than M1 by external forces during static posture and arm movement (Kalaska and Hyde 1985; Kalaska et al. 1990). Also in contrast to M1, the directionality of movement-dependent and load-dependent response modulations of area 5 neurons were not strongly coupled (Kalaska et al. 19 ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... pontine site in the caudal peribrachial area has been shown to induce long-term (more than 7 days) REM enhancement (19) and long-term PGO enhancement but without REM enhancement (20). In vivo cholinergic REM enhancement and a specific carbachol-sensitive site in the dorsal locus subceruleus of rats ...
... pontine site in the caudal peribrachial area has been shown to induce long-term (more than 7 days) REM enhancement (19) and long-term PGO enhancement but without REM enhancement (20). In vivo cholinergic REM enhancement and a specific carbachol-sensitive site in the dorsal locus subceruleus of rats ...
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... tions performed by each cortical area. We will return to this notion at the end of this review. Color and Brightness Representation in V4 Color Inputs to V4. Color vision begins with the L, M, and S cones in the retina. The cone names derive from their peak wavelength (at 562 nm, 535 nm, 440 nm, res ...
... tions performed by each cortical area. We will return to this notion at the end of this review. Color and Brightness Representation in V4 Color Inputs to V4. Color vision begins with the L, M, and S cones in the retina. The cone names derive from their peak wavelength (at 562 nm, 535 nm, 440 nm, res ...
Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 20, 2003). 10.1152/jn
... account for the characteristic nonlinear voltage dependence of the outward current measured in spiny neurons. We recognize that the si K+ current is likely to arise from at least two channel types, but for the sake of simplicity we have treated it as a single conductance. This combined outward curre ...
... account for the characteristic nonlinear voltage dependence of the outward current measured in spiny neurons. We recognize that the si K+ current is likely to arise from at least two channel types, but for the sake of simplicity we have treated it as a single conductance. This combined outward curre ...
PDF
... To study conditional probability distributions about upcoming movements, we recorded from electrode arrays chronically implanted in PMd and M1 while conducting a random-‐target reaching experiment5,6. In ...
... To study conditional probability distributions about upcoming movements, we recorded from electrode arrays chronically implanted in PMd and M1 while conducting a random-‐target reaching experiment5,6. In ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... for electrode MO-8. We shall refer to these areas as fusiform and pericalcarine areas, respectively. The recordings made from the remaining electrodes including those from the LOTP array (Fig. 1) did not show detectable responses to disparity. As Figure 3 shows, recordings made in the fusiform area ...
... for electrode MO-8. We shall refer to these areas as fusiform and pericalcarine areas, respectively. The recordings made from the remaining electrodes including those from the LOTP array (Fig. 1) did not show detectable responses to disparity. As Figure 3 shows, recordings made in the fusiform area ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... different targets (different parts of the striatum, cortex, amygdala, etc.) in mice. We found that most populations of dopamine neurons receive a similar set of inputs rather than forming strong reciprocal connections with their target areas. A common feature among most populations of dopamine neuro ...
... different targets (different parts of the striatum, cortex, amygdala, etc.) in mice. We found that most populations of dopamine neurons receive a similar set of inputs rather than forming strong reciprocal connections with their target areas. A common feature among most populations of dopamine neuro ...
Novel Models of Visual Topographic Map Alignment in the Superior
... Processing sensory information is a critical task of the central nervous system, requiring the establishment of precisely ordered synaptic connectivity during development. In the visual system, image-forming regions are organized into topographics maps, such that neighboring neurons monitor adjacent ...
... Processing sensory information is a critical task of the central nervous system, requiring the establishment of precisely ordered synaptic connectivity during development. In the visual system, image-forming regions are organized into topographics maps, such that neighboring neurons monitor adjacent ...
The Dorsal Visual System Predicts Future and Remembers Past Eye
... for predictive remapping of visual activity during saccades in area LIP (Schneegans and Schöner, 2012; Ziesche and Hamker, 2014). To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel approach in which we construct a linear decoder whose output provides a metric representation of eye position, and is comput ...
... for predictive remapping of visual activity during saccades in area LIP (Schneegans and Schöner, 2012; Ziesche and Hamker, 2014). To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel approach in which we construct a linear decoder whose output provides a metric representation of eye position, and is comput ...
Firing characteristics of deep layer neurons in prefrontal cortex in
... al., 1994). Furthermore, prefrontal multi-unit firing rates are selectively altered during the delay period before a ‘go’ signal in rats that have been trained to perform a delayed go/no-go alternation task (Sakurai and Sugimoto, 1986). While single-cell data from prefrontal cortical regions in rats ...
... al., 1994). Furthermore, prefrontal multi-unit firing rates are selectively altered during the delay period before a ‘go’ signal in rats that have been trained to perform a delayed go/no-go alternation task (Sakurai and Sugimoto, 1986). While single-cell data from prefrontal cortical regions in rats ...
experimental models for neurodegenerative diseases
... Age-related ND are largely human-specific neurodegenerative diseases; although aspects similar to those of human brain aging can be observed in aged non-human primates and some other higher-order animal species, these animals do not readily develop the full neuropathological or clinical phenotypes o ...
... Age-related ND are largely human-specific neurodegenerative diseases; although aspects similar to those of human brain aging can be observed in aged non-human primates and some other higher-order animal species, these animals do not readily develop the full neuropathological or clinical phenotypes o ...
Nondirected axonal growth on basal lamina from avian embryonic
... 1976), even after destruction of the target musele fibers. This indicates that all information necessary for target finding is contained in the empty basallamina sheet (Sanes et al., 1978). In this study we describe the mechanical isolation of the vitreal basal lamina (inner limiting membrane) ofthe ...
... 1976), even after destruction of the target musele fibers. This indicates that all information necessary for target finding is contained in the empty basallamina sheet (Sanes et al., 1978). In this study we describe the mechanical isolation of the vitreal basal lamina (inner limiting membrane) ofthe ...
Sònia Najas Sales Role of DYRK1A in the development of Syndrome
... syndrome (DS), which is caused by an extra copy of human chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS is caused, at least in part, by alterations in the cytoarchitectur ...
... syndrome (DS), which is caused by an extra copy of human chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS is caused, at least in part, by alterations in the cytoarchitectur ...
Immunohistochemical Study of Spinal Motor Neurons Following
... bridging the nerve gaps. In the present study, we have used charged polyvinelidene fluoride (PVDF) tube filled with nerve growth factor (NGF) and collagen gel as a substitute for nerve autograft and compared the results with other current surgical techniques. We studied the changes of spinal motoneu ...
... bridging the nerve gaps. In the present study, we have used charged polyvinelidene fluoride (PVDF) tube filled with nerve growth factor (NGF) and collagen gel as a substitute for nerve autograft and compared the results with other current surgical techniques. We studied the changes of spinal motoneu ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... a widely used general anesthetic because of its good amnesic and anesthetic effect, and rapid onset and clearance.(16-18) However, it may still produce a few side effects such as hypotension or bradycardia.(19-23) The mechanisms for propofol's actions have been widely studied, but the central medull ...
... a widely used general anesthetic because of its good amnesic and anesthetic effect, and rapid onset and clearance.(16-18) However, it may still produce a few side effects such as hypotension or bradycardia.(19-23) The mechanisms for propofol's actions have been widely studied, but the central medull ...
Abstracts - BCCN 2009
... The Bernstein Focus for Neurotechnology Frankfurt has started operation less than a year ago. We are happy to be part of this network and honored to have the opportunity to organize this meeting. As in previous years, there will be a single track program of talks and poster sessions. In line with th ...
... The Bernstein Focus for Neurotechnology Frankfurt has started operation less than a year ago. We are happy to be part of this network and honored to have the opportunity to organize this meeting. As in previous years, there will be a single track program of talks and poster sessions. In line with th ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.