Pre-synaptic Terminal Dynamics in the Hippocampus
... perceptual capabilities later in life. These behavioural changes are accompanied by morphological and physiological changes consistent with alteration in the number and pattern of synaptic connections (Hubel and Wiesel, 1970). The so-called ocular dominance columns do not form in kittens when all ac ...
... perceptual capabilities later in life. These behavioural changes are accompanied by morphological and physiological changes consistent with alteration in the number and pattern of synaptic connections (Hubel and Wiesel, 1970). The so-called ocular dominance columns do not form in kittens when all ac ...
Goal-direction and top-down control
... come in many different forms. They can range from short-term, such as finding a snack when hungry, to long-term, such as working towards tenure. Goals can also vary from concrete, such as searching for your keys, to abstract, such as wanting to exercise more. Regardless of their form, all goals shar ...
... come in many different forms. They can range from short-term, such as finding a snack when hungry, to long-term, such as working towards tenure. Goals can also vary from concrete, such as searching for your keys, to abstract, such as wanting to exercise more. Regardless of their form, all goals shar ...
doc PHGY311
... hormone release. This control mechanism of negative (or positive) feedback regulation, discussed in detail in Chapter 1, consists of the ability of a hormone to regulate its own cascade of release (Figure 1–11). For example, as discussed in greater detail in Chapter 6, cortisol produced from the adr ...
... hormone release. This control mechanism of negative (or positive) feedback regulation, discussed in detail in Chapter 1, consists of the ability of a hormone to regulate its own cascade of release (Figure 1–11). For example, as discussed in greater detail in Chapter 6, cortisol produced from the adr ...
Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... represent blind spot in primary visual cortex exhibit elevated non-linear response when the bar stimulated both sides of the blind spot. Using generative model, we also show that these responses represent the filling-in completion. All these results are consistent with the finding of psychophysical ...
... represent blind spot in primary visual cortex exhibit elevated non-linear response when the bar stimulated both sides of the blind spot. Using generative model, we also show that these responses represent the filling-in completion. All these results are consistent with the finding of psychophysical ...
Imitation, mirror neurons and autism
... others onto an imitative match by oneself [29] especially when such actions are complex. Finally, there is a curious aspect of imitation-like phenomena in relation to autism, that concerns the wellknown repetitive and stereotyped behaviours and speech that may occur. These may be copied from others, ...
... others onto an imitative match by oneself [29] especially when such actions are complex. Finally, there is a curious aspect of imitation-like phenomena in relation to autism, that concerns the wellknown repetitive and stereotyped behaviours and speech that may occur. These may be copied from others, ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... neurons in the other; by activating many cortico-cortical projections, some of which might converge at the single neuron level, it was anticipated that signs of F5-M1 synaptic connections might be easier to detect. Therefore, we adapted the technique used by Umilta et al. (2007) to allow us to look ...
... neurons in the other; by activating many cortico-cortical projections, some of which might converge at the single neuron level, it was anticipated that signs of F5-M1 synaptic connections might be easier to detect. Therefore, we adapted the technique used by Umilta et al. (2007) to allow us to look ...
The Evolution of Neuron Types and Cortical
... pathological changes subsequent to ablation, some studies also examined cortical projection systems in apes (Walker, 1938; Lassek and Wheatley, 1945; Kuypers, 1958; Jackson et al., 1969). After the 1950s, however, the amount of research directed toward understanding variation in the hominoid brain d ...
... pathological changes subsequent to ablation, some studies also examined cortical projection systems in apes (Walker, 1938; Lassek and Wheatley, 1945; Kuypers, 1958; Jackson et al., 1969). After the 1950s, however, the amount of research directed toward understanding variation in the hominoid brain d ...
Neuronal networks for induced `40 Hz` rhythms
... sparselyspiny neurones in the frontal cortex are generatedby persistent,voltage-dependentNa+currentsand delayed voltage-dependentrectifier currents3b.Other frontal-cortexneuronesuse fast persistentNa+currents, leak and slow non-inactivating K+currentsto generate oscillations of 4–20 Hz (Ref. 42). Va ...
... sparselyspiny neurones in the frontal cortex are generatedby persistent,voltage-dependentNa+currentsand delayed voltage-dependentrectifier currents3b.Other frontal-cortexneuronesuse fast persistentNa+currents, leak and slow non-inactivating K+currentsto generate oscillations of 4–20 Hz (Ref. 42). Va ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... Animals can learn to modify their voluntary behavior to gain rewards in the positive reinforcement form of operant conditioning. It has been shown that animals can also learn to modify neuronal activity that is directly rewarded by using electrophysiological recordings. Electrophysiological approach ...
... Animals can learn to modify their voluntary behavior to gain rewards in the positive reinforcement form of operant conditioning. It has been shown that animals can also learn to modify neuronal activity that is directly rewarded by using electrophysiological recordings. Electrophysiological approach ...
The Special Senses
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... diapause behaviour. Depending on e.g. the availability of food, temperature, and photoperiod, the beetle will either reproduce or enter diapause. Reproduction requires a high juvenile hormone titre in the hemolymph (de Wilde et al. 1968). Diapause is initiated when the juvenile hormone titre in the ...
... diapause behaviour. Depending on e.g. the availability of food, temperature, and photoperiod, the beetle will either reproduce or enter diapause. Reproduction requires a high juvenile hormone titre in the hemolymph (de Wilde et al. 1968). Diapause is initiated when the juvenile hormone titre in the ...
- Philsci
... robotic prostheses is possible. Indeed, after a short learning period, high proficiency in braincontrolling the cursor, both directly and indirectly through robot movements, has been achieved. Interestingly, the monkeys still moved their own limbs at the beginning of the “brain control” phase, even ...
... robotic prostheses is possible. Indeed, after a short learning period, high proficiency in braincontrolling the cursor, both directly and indirectly through robot movements, has been achieved. Interestingly, the monkeys still moved their own limbs at the beginning of the “brain control” phase, even ...
Chapter 21: Control and Coordination
... systems. Therefore, any injury to the brain or the spinal cord can be serious. A severe blow to the head can bruise the brain and cause temporary or permanent loss of mental and physical abilities. For example, the back of the brain controls vision. An injury in this region could result in the loss ...
... systems. Therefore, any injury to the brain or the spinal cord can be serious. A severe blow to the head can bruise the brain and cause temporary or permanent loss of mental and physical abilities. For example, the back of the brain controls vision. An injury in this region could result in the loss ...
Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Beyond
... GnRHR systems were also found to be expressed in peripheral organs, in particular in the female reproductive tract [11], and in several tumors [12], where their activation is associated with a strong antiproliferative/antimetastatic activity [13,14]. These findings gave a further impulse to the deve ...
... GnRHR systems were also found to be expressed in peripheral organs, in particular in the female reproductive tract [11], and in several tumors [12], where their activation is associated with a strong antiproliferative/antimetastatic activity [13,14]. These findings gave a further impulse to the deve ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... focus (Ojemann, 1997). While we should note that all the data comes from epileptic patients, more than 80% of the recorded neurons were outside the areas of seizure ...
... focus (Ojemann, 1997). While we should note that all the data comes from epileptic patients, more than 80% of the recorded neurons were outside the areas of seizure ...
Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and
... aggregation whose neurons are slightly larger and more darkly stained than those in the adjacent preoptic region but smaller and less darkly stained than those in supraoptic neurons. However, in lesioned animals these distinctions can be difficult. Furthermore, the V L PO is surrounded by other Niss ...
... aggregation whose neurons are slightly larger and more darkly stained than those in the adjacent preoptic region but smaller and less darkly stained than those in supraoptic neurons. However, in lesioned animals these distinctions can be difficult. Furthermore, the V L PO is surrounded by other Niss ...
Effects of insulin under normal and low glucose on retinal
... malized b-wave and ONR-ON amplitudes with corresponding original traces (insets) of single trials is depicted in Figure 3. The differential effect on the bwave compared to the ONR-ON amplitude was independent of the duration of the light stimulus of 20 or 400 msec (n = 2 trials). Increasing the insu ...
... malized b-wave and ONR-ON amplitudes with corresponding original traces (insets) of single trials is depicted in Figure 3. The differential effect on the bwave compared to the ONR-ON amplitude was independent of the duration of the light stimulus of 20 or 400 msec (n = 2 trials). Increasing the insu ...
Nat Methods 6:219-224 - University of British Columbia
... magnetic stimulation has made noninvasive motor mapping feasible in humans4. Each of these techniques has unique advantages and limitations. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is noninvasive but has poor spatial resolution. Electrode-based brain stimulation methods have common disadvantages: the inab ...
... magnetic stimulation has made noninvasive motor mapping feasible in humans4. Each of these techniques has unique advantages and limitations. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is noninvasive but has poor spatial resolution. Electrode-based brain stimulation methods have common disadvantages: the inab ...
Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission
... The billions of neurons that make up the brain coordinate thought, behavior, homeostasis, and more. How do all these neurons pass and receive information? Neurons convey information by transmitting messages to other neurons or other types of cells, such as muscles. The following discussion focuses o ...
... The billions of neurons that make up the brain coordinate thought, behavior, homeostasis, and more. How do all these neurons pass and receive information? Neurons convey information by transmitting messages to other neurons or other types of cells, such as muscles. The following discussion focuses o ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... used to generate spectra (Fig. 2C,D), spectro- to gain a liquid reward and then to release the button during the intertrial interval (ITI). During each trial, after a random delay, one grams (Fig. 2 A, B), and power changes over of the four sensory stimulus sets is delivered regardless of the animal ...
... used to generate spectra (Fig. 2C,D), spectro- to gain a liquid reward and then to release the button during the intertrial interval (ITI). During each trial, after a random delay, one grams (Fig. 2 A, B), and power changes over of the four sensory stimulus sets is delivered regardless of the animal ...
Author`s personal copy - University of Queensland
... nuclei of these systems. This proposal infers that if mega- and microchiropterans belonged to the same mammalian order, they should have the same nuclear organization of these systems; however this is not the case as shown by Maseko and Manger (2007) and Maseko et al. (2007). While these previous st ...
... nuclei of these systems. This proposal infers that if mega- and microchiropterans belonged to the same mammalian order, they should have the same nuclear organization of these systems; however this is not the case as shown by Maseko and Manger (2007) and Maseko et al. (2007). While these previous st ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.