Umami, a taste unto itself
... It is a common belief regarding taste that there are a limited number of fundamental qualities--sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. The notion of a limited number of basic tastes stems from antiquity. Aristotle summarized the common beliefs of the day regarding taste qualities in his treatise on ...
... It is a common belief regarding taste that there are a limited number of fundamental qualities--sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. The notion of a limited number of basic tastes stems from antiquity. Aristotle summarized the common beliefs of the day regarding taste qualities in his treatise on ...
Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... neurons.28 It was also shown that the cuneate neurons display tonic and bursting activity which, as in the thalamus and the cortex, appears to depend partially on intrinsic membrane properties.7. and 31. It was suggested that, while the cortically originated slow oscillation47., 51. and 52. is proba ...
... neurons.28 It was also shown that the cuneate neurons display tonic and bursting activity which, as in the thalamus and the cortex, appears to depend partially on intrinsic membrane properties.7. and 31. It was suggested that, while the cortically originated slow oscillation47., 51. and 52. is proba ...
Rotatory nystagmus - Besøk daftpunk.no
... NYSTAGMUS Normally with the head at rest, in the neutral position the resting discharges in the two vestibular nerve are equal. Vestibulomotor (vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal) reflexes are elicited when inputs from the two vestibular organs or their central projection are made equal, that is, t ...
... NYSTAGMUS Normally with the head at rest, in the neutral position the resting discharges in the two vestibular nerve are equal. Vestibulomotor (vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal) reflexes are elicited when inputs from the two vestibular organs or their central projection are made equal, that is, t ...
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
... sensitive to sulfonylurea drugs [43]. Sulfonylureas (SUR) close the CFTR channel while ATP opens it [44]. This is consistent with our observation that a decrease in ATP closes a chloride channel in these neurons causing them to depolarize and increase their action potential frequency. Tolbutamide ex ...
... sensitive to sulfonylurea drugs [43]. Sulfonylureas (SUR) close the CFTR channel while ATP opens it [44]. This is consistent with our observation that a decrease in ATP closes a chloride channel in these neurons causing them to depolarize and increase their action potential frequency. Tolbutamide ex ...
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONAL ACTIVITY DURING A
... cues A, B, X, and Y, respectively. All cues were always presented for 10 s. Preconditioning. Rats were divided into Paired and Unpaired groups; each received 2 consecutive days of Preconditioning (days 1 and 2). Animals in the Paired group (n = 19, 11 with microwire arrays) received 2 blocks of 12 c ...
... cues A, B, X, and Y, respectively. All cues were always presented for 10 s. Preconditioning. Rats were divided into Paired and Unpaired groups; each received 2 consecutive days of Preconditioning (days 1 and 2). Animals in the Paired group (n = 19, 11 with microwire arrays) received 2 blocks of 12 c ...
A Brainstem Network Mediating Apneic Reflexes in the Rat
... Apnea is an important protective response to upper airway irritation, but the central mechanisms responsible for eliciting sensory-induced apnea are not well understood. Recent studies have emphasized the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in producing apnea and proposed a trigeminoparabrachial pathway for medi ...
... Apnea is an important protective response to upper airway irritation, but the central mechanisms responsible for eliciting sensory-induced apnea are not well understood. Recent studies have emphasized the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in producing apnea and proposed a trigeminoparabrachial pathway for medi ...
segregation of stimulus phase and intensity coding in the cochlear
... Phase locking in the magnocellular nucleus. We recorded from a total of 286 magnocellular neurons. The electrodes were placed on or near the midline of the medulla to record from fiber tracts containing magnocellular axons. Magnocellular units responded most often at a particular phase of a sinusoid ...
... Phase locking in the magnocellular nucleus. We recorded from a total of 286 magnocellular neurons. The electrodes were placed on or near the midline of the medulla to record from fiber tracts containing magnocellular axons. Magnocellular units responded most often at a particular phase of a sinusoid ...
Endocannabinoids and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Parkinson`s
... acting on the eCB system may be due to the ability of these compounds to correct any potential dysregulation of eCB signals that might be instrumental in the pathogenesis of these disorders (Fagan and Campbell 2014). Indeed, far from being mutually exclusive, both types of responses may occur concom ...
... acting on the eCB system may be due to the ability of these compounds to correct any potential dysregulation of eCB signals that might be instrumental in the pathogenesis of these disorders (Fagan and Campbell 2014). Indeed, far from being mutually exclusive, both types of responses may occur concom ...
14 Regulation by hypothalamo-hypophisial system and adrenal
... Neural Control of Hypophysiotropic Hormones • Neurons of the hypothalamus receive synaptic input, both stimulatory and inhibitory, from virtually all areas of the central nervous system, and specific neural pathways influence secretion of the individual hypophysiotropic hormones. • A large number o ...
... Neural Control of Hypophysiotropic Hormones • Neurons of the hypothalamus receive synaptic input, both stimulatory and inhibitory, from virtually all areas of the central nervous system, and specific neural pathways influence secretion of the individual hypophysiotropic hormones. • A large number o ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... goal-related movements, such as grasping) rather than movements (that is, body-part displacements without a specific goal, such as finger flexion)37–38. A recent study provided compelling evidence that this is the case39. This study describes single-neuron recordings from monkeys that were trained t ...
... goal-related movements, such as grasping) rather than movements (that is, body-part displacements without a specific goal, such as finger flexion)37–38. A recent study provided compelling evidence that this is the case39. This study describes single-neuron recordings from monkeys that were trained t ...
Chapter 4 monkey
... Thompson 2008). It therefore appears that this area is an integral part of the circuitries which mediate both attentional and decision-making processes if the task requires an eye movement response. The roles of area FEF and the principal sulcus (PS) in decision making have been investigated in a ta ...
... Thompson 2008). It therefore appears that this area is an integral part of the circuitries which mediate both attentional and decision-making processes if the task requires an eye movement response. The roles of area FEF and the principal sulcus (PS) in decision making have been investigated in a ta ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations
... goal-related movements, such as grasping) rather than movements (that is, body-part displacements without a specific goal, such as finger flexion)37–38. A recent study provided compelling evidence that this is the case39. This study describes single-neuron recordings from monkeys that were trained t ...
... goal-related movements, such as grasping) rather than movements (that is, body-part displacements without a specific goal, such as finger flexion)37–38. A recent study provided compelling evidence that this is the case39. This study describes single-neuron recordings from monkeys that were trained t ...
HeadNeck III Special Senses2
... • Posterior part of iris always brown in color • People with brown/black eyes with pigment throughout iris • People with blue eyes—rest of iris clear, brown pigment at back appears blue after refraction through clear, smooth muscle tissue of iris. This is why, under different light conditions, light ...
... • Posterior part of iris always brown in color • People with brown/black eyes with pigment throughout iris • People with blue eyes—rest of iris clear, brown pigment at back appears blue after refraction through clear, smooth muscle tissue of iris. This is why, under different light conditions, light ...
Failure of the oculomotor neural integrator from a discrete midline
... chair by hand at an approximately constant velocity for 30 s and abruptly stopping it. Horizontal spontaneous saccades and post-rotatory nystagrnus in the dark were recorded before and after the lesion shown in Fig. 1. Eye position and chair tachometer signals were digitized online for subsequent an ...
... chair by hand at an approximately constant velocity for 30 s and abruptly stopping it. Horizontal spontaneous saccades and post-rotatory nystagrnus in the dark were recorded before and after the lesion shown in Fig. 1. Eye position and chair tachometer signals were digitized online for subsequent an ...
Here is a link
... space is directly responsible for the generation of field potentials (Fig. 2.3). Particular significance must be ascribed to the synaptic processes as causing events for the field potentials in question, especially for their time course. In accordance with these statements, the generation of extrace ...
... space is directly responsible for the generation of field potentials (Fig. 2.3). Particular significance must be ascribed to the synaptic processes as causing events for the field potentials in question, especially for their time course. In accordance with these statements, the generation of extrace ...
Expression of ml-m4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Proteins in
... much less immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm. Control sections processed with omission of antibody routinely showed only very light diaminobenzidine reaction product in occasional glial cells or processes and rarely in isolated neurons, which was unlike any muscarinic receptor immunoreactivity. Immun ...
... much less immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm. Control sections processed with omission of antibody routinely showed only very light diaminobenzidine reaction product in occasional glial cells or processes and rarely in isolated neurons, which was unlike any muscarinic receptor immunoreactivity. Immun ...
The role of spiking nonlinearity in contrast gain control
... (Sakai et al., 1995; Smirnakis, Berry, Warland, Bialek, & Meister, 1997), and network interactions (Victor, 1987). It was also suggested that the active ionic channels inside the spiking generation (Kim & Rieke, 2001; Sanchez-Vives et al., 2000) might play an important role in controlling the changi ...
... (Sakai et al., 1995; Smirnakis, Berry, Warland, Bialek, & Meister, 1997), and network interactions (Victor, 1987). It was also suggested that the active ionic channels inside the spiking generation (Kim & Rieke, 2001; Sanchez-Vives et al., 2000) might play an important role in controlling the changi ...
Purves chs. 12, 13 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... phase angles, θ1 and θ2, are apparent. The sine wave that starts at P reaches a particular point on the circle, say 180°, at time t1, whereas the wave that starts at Q reaches 180° at time t2. Thus, phase differences have corresponding time differences, a concept that is important in appreciating ho ...
... phase angles, θ1 and θ2, are apparent. The sine wave that starts at P reaches a particular point on the circle, say 180°, at time t1, whereas the wave that starts at Q reaches 180° at time t2. Thus, phase differences have corresponding time differences, a concept that is important in appreciating ho ...
J Neurophysiol - University of Connecticut
... of the STRF indicate that stimulus energy at that frequency and time tends to increase the neuron’s firing rate, and negative regions indicate where the stimulus envelope induces a decrease in firing rate (Fig. 1A). In all locations, the STRF procedure was performed on the typically dominant, contra ...
... of the STRF indicate that stimulus energy at that frequency and time tends to increase the neuron’s firing rate, and negative regions indicate where the stimulus envelope induces a decrease in firing rate (Fig. 1A). In all locations, the STRF procedure was performed on the typically dominant, contra ...
Moving the Shh Source over Time: What Impact on Neural Cell
... The functional complexity of the vertebrate central nervous system is reflected by the large variety of neurons that form complex processing networks but also by the diversity of their indispensable glial cell partners, mainly composed of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Generation of this large arr ...
... The functional complexity of the vertebrate central nervous system is reflected by the large variety of neurons that form complex processing networks but also by the diversity of their indispensable glial cell partners, mainly composed of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Generation of this large arr ...
Invulnerability of retinal ganglion cells to NMDA excitotoxicity
... synaptic puncta in RGC cultures (Pfrieger and Barres, 1997; Ullian et al., 2001), and that in situ, RGCs express GluR2 (J.S.D., unpublished observations). However, we had not yet examined their NMDA receptor protein expression. To determine whether NMDA receptor proteins were present, we examined ex ...
... synaptic puncta in RGC cultures (Pfrieger and Barres, 1997; Ullian et al., 2001), and that in situ, RGCs express GluR2 (J.S.D., unpublished observations). However, we had not yet examined their NMDA receptor protein expression. To determine whether NMDA receptor proteins were present, we examined ex ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... neurons, their functional significance is not clearly understood. They might increase the dendritic surface area in order to optimize the packing of a large number of synapses onto a given length of dendrite186–188. Alternatively, they might serve as biochemical compartments that restrict the diffus ...
... neurons, their functional significance is not clearly understood. They might increase the dendritic surface area in order to optimize the packing of a large number of synapses onto a given length of dendrite186–188. Alternatively, they might serve as biochemical compartments that restrict the diffus ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.