1 - Projeto Andar de Novo
... Anatomy Department of the Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas Glatiramer acetate (GA) has been indicated for reduction of the frequency of the relapses in patients with remittent/recurrent multiple sclerosis. Although effective, the GA’s therapeutic mechanism(s) is (are) not totally clear. However, ...
... Anatomy Department of the Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas Glatiramer acetate (GA) has been indicated for reduction of the frequency of the relapses in patients with remittent/recurrent multiple sclerosis. Although effective, the GA’s therapeutic mechanism(s) is (are) not totally clear. However, ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is connected with prefrontal and premotor cortices and with the basal ganglia. Although classically associated with motor functions, recent evidence implicates the basal ganglia in cognition and emotion as well. Here, we used two complementary approa ...
... The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is connected with prefrontal and premotor cortices and with the basal ganglia. Although classically associated with motor functions, recent evidence implicates the basal ganglia in cognition and emotion as well. Here, we used two complementary approa ...
Differential innervation of superficial versus deep - HAL
... Male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight: 200e220 g, on arrival) were purchased from Janvier Breeding Center (53940 Le Genest Saint Isle, France). They were housed in a standard controlled environment (22 ± 1 C, 60% relative humidity, 12:12 h light-dark cycle, lights on at 7:00 a.m.) with food and wat ...
... Male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight: 200e220 g, on arrival) were purchased from Janvier Breeding Center (53940 Le Genest Saint Isle, France). They were housed in a standard controlled environment (22 ± 1 C, 60% relative humidity, 12:12 h light-dark cycle, lights on at 7:00 a.m.) with food and wat ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... order to establish precise connectivity patterns (for a review, see Guillemot, 2007). However, the exact mechanisms that fine-tune the specification of the myriad of neuronal subtypes remain unknown. This is exemplified by cell-type specification in vertebrate retinal development, during which one g ...
... order to establish precise connectivity patterns (for a review, see Guillemot, 2007). However, the exact mechanisms that fine-tune the specification of the myriad of neuronal subtypes remain unknown. This is exemplified by cell-type specification in vertebrate retinal development, during which one g ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... auditory reinforcer as it ameliorated task performance and predicted a rewarded trial, but it was not an explicit reward, hence the simplif ying term ‘unrewarded’ movement. Thus, each instruction was the unique stimulus in each trial indicating the behavioral reaction to be performed following the t ...
... auditory reinforcer as it ameliorated task performance and predicted a rewarded trial, but it was not an explicit reward, hence the simplif ying term ‘unrewarded’ movement. Thus, each instruction was the unique stimulus in each trial indicating the behavioral reaction to be performed following the t ...
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
... concept of receptive field pervades our knowledge about the visual system. Following the flow direction of the neuronal activity elicited by the visual stimulus, neurons from any level show traces of the receptive fields: photoreceptors, retinal ganglion, lateral geniculate nucleus, primary visual c ...
... concept of receptive field pervades our knowledge about the visual system. Following the flow direction of the neuronal activity elicited by the visual stimulus, neurons from any level show traces of the receptive fields: photoreceptors, retinal ganglion, lateral geniculate nucleus, primary visual c ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... extracted from P2 rat brain RNA, and was subjected to reverse transcription (Thermoscript RT-PCR system, Invitrogen). To obtain Syt1 cDNA (Genbank: AJ617615), PCR was carried out with a set of primers (5 -ATCCGCAGTCAGATCGGAAG-3 and 5 -AAGAGCACTATGTGGGCAGA-3 ). The obtained cDNA was subcloned int ...
... extracted from P2 rat brain RNA, and was subjected to reverse transcription (Thermoscript RT-PCR system, Invitrogen). To obtain Syt1 cDNA (Genbank: AJ617615), PCR was carried out with a set of primers (5 -ATCCGCAGTCAGATCGGAAG-3 and 5 -AAGAGCACTATGTGGGCAGA-3 ). The obtained cDNA was subcloned int ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... blood vessels and, to a lesser extent, the ducts and acini. These differences in the innervation of various portions of the pancreas are evident following sympathetic nerve activation, as sympatho-activation decreases insulin secretion and results in vasoconstriction, while it has little or no effec ...
... blood vessels and, to a lesser extent, the ducts and acini. These differences in the innervation of various portions of the pancreas are evident following sympathetic nerve activation, as sympatho-activation decreases insulin secretion and results in vasoconstriction, while it has little or no effec ...
A Split-LexA-based Concatenate Expression System for
... leucine zippers (zip) from the Split Gal4 system (supplementary Figure S1). We then tested the efficacy of the resulting "zipLexADBD" and "VP16ADzip" constructs in Drosophila S2 cells. When co-expressed, the two complementary domains drove strong expression of a LexAop-GFP reporter (supplementary Fi ...
... leucine zippers (zip) from the Split Gal4 system (supplementary Figure S1). We then tested the efficacy of the resulting "zipLexADBD" and "VP16ADzip" constructs in Drosophila S2 cells. When co-expressed, the two complementary domains drove strong expression of a LexAop-GFP reporter (supplementary Fi ...
Anatomical origins of ocular dominance in mouse primary visual cortex
... (Dräger and Olsen, 1980). The vertical meridian (which corresponds to the line of decussation, see Figure 1A) was easily identifiable because the ventrotemporal crescent (VTC) (i.e. the ipsilaterally projecting domain) was labeled in all retinas. Images (0.4 × 0.4 mm) of each RGC population were acq ...
... (Dräger and Olsen, 1980). The vertical meridian (which corresponds to the line of decussation, see Figure 1A) was easily identifiable because the ventrotemporal crescent (VTC) (i.e. the ipsilaterally projecting domain) was labeled in all retinas. Images (0.4 × 0.4 mm) of each RGC population were acq ...
Undulatory locomotion of polychaete annelids - FORTH-ICS
... Models of polychaete locomotion Shape undulations are employed for locomotion by various organisms, spanning a wide range of body sizes and environmental habitats, as they perform satisfactorily over a significant range of Reynolds number values [Lighthill, 1975]. Taylor [Taylor, 1952] developed a t ...
... Models of polychaete locomotion Shape undulations are employed for locomotion by various organisms, spanning a wide range of body sizes and environmental habitats, as they perform satisfactorily over a significant range of Reynolds number values [Lighthill, 1975]. Taylor [Taylor, 1952] developed a t ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is known about what interactions occur within the final target. It is presumed that a cascade of complex events must take place ...
... revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is known about what interactions occur within the final target. It is presumed that a cascade of complex events must take place ...
Review The Neural Basis of Perceptual Learning
... cortical maps, in the temporal characteristics of neuronal responses, and in modulation of contextual influences. Top-down control of these representations suggests that learning involves an interaction between multiple cortical areas. Introduction Learning comes in many forms, some of which are exp ...
... cortical maps, in the temporal characteristics of neuronal responses, and in modulation of contextual influences. Top-down control of these representations suggests that learning involves an interaction between multiple cortical areas. Introduction Learning comes in many forms, some of which are exp ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... that fired to only one stimulus (53%). In the cue-only extinction block of trials, 45% of VP neurons (52/115) fired phasically at the onset of the CS+1 and/or CS+2 cues (23% of these fired to the CS+1, 21% of these fired to the CS+2, and 56% of these fired to both) (Figs. 2 and 4 and Fig. S1). The phasic ...
... that fired to only one stimulus (53%). In the cue-only extinction block of trials, 45% of VP neurons (52/115) fired phasically at the onset of the CS+1 and/or CS+2 cues (23% of these fired to the CS+1, 21% of these fired to the CS+2, and 56% of these fired to both) (Figs. 2 and 4 and Fig. S1). The phasic ...
Quantity and Three-Dimensional Position of the Recurrent and
... transection leads to reliable and consistent nonfunctional synkinetic reinnervation of the larynx as evaluated by kinesiologic, histologie, and electromyographic parameters.'" The present work is a part of ongoing research on rats that is aimed at creating a comprehensive model to study laryngeal re ...
... transection leads to reliable and consistent nonfunctional synkinetic reinnervation of the larynx as evaluated by kinesiologic, histologie, and electromyographic parameters.'" The present work is a part of ongoing research on rats that is aimed at creating a comprehensive model to study laryngeal re ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... The rabbits were placed in a three-axis rate table at the center of a large sphere, permitting vestibular and optokinetic stimulation. We recorded from 74 neurons in the Psol and from 23 neurons in the regions bordering Psol. The activity of 72/74 Psol neurons and 4/23 non-Psol neurons was modulated ...
... The rabbits were placed in a three-axis rate table at the center of a large sphere, permitting vestibular and optokinetic stimulation. We recorded from 74 neurons in the Psol and from 23 neurons in the regions bordering Psol. The activity of 72/74 Psol neurons and 4/23 non-Psol neurons was modulated ...
Spinal Cord Neural Modeling for Clinical Applications
... Jeffrey Arle, M.D., Ph.D. (Board-certified, fellowship-trained neurosurgeon and Associate Chief of Neurosurgery at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center) was responsible for initiating, leading, and supervising this research. He conceived and wrote the original version of the neural simulation softwa ...
... Jeffrey Arle, M.D., Ph.D. (Board-certified, fellowship-trained neurosurgeon and Associate Chief of Neurosurgery at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center) was responsible for initiating, leading, and supervising this research. He conceived and wrote the original version of the neural simulation softwa ...
Abstract The cochiear nucleus of the barn owl is composed of two
... Phase locking in the magnocellular nucleus. We recorded from a total of 286 magnocellular neurons. The electrodes were placed on or near the midline of the medulla to record from fiber tracts containing magnocellular axons. Magnocellular units responded most often at a particular phase of a sinusoid ...
... Phase locking in the magnocellular nucleus. We recorded from a total of 286 magnocellular neurons. The electrodes were placed on or near the midline of the medulla to record from fiber tracts containing magnocellular axons. Magnocellular units responded most often at a particular phase of a sinusoid ...
Implications on visual apperception: energy, duration
... equilibrium (Qian and Beard, 2005) that make possible to pick up extreme weak different information from the outside world. The sensory systems, which are results of nonlinear biochemical processes of cells, have extreme sensitivity to pick up diverse information from the external world. Blindsight ...
... equilibrium (Qian and Beard, 2005) that make possible to pick up extreme weak different information from the outside world. The sensory systems, which are results of nonlinear biochemical processes of cells, have extreme sensitivity to pick up diverse information from the external world. Blindsight ...
Predicting spike timing of neocortical pyramidal neurons by simple
... and inhibitory components. Despite the temporal precision under appropriate stimulation conditions, neuronal responses can be highly variable across trials, in particular in visual cortex (Heggelund and Albus, 1978; Buracas et al., 1998), but much less so in auditory cortex (De Weese and Zador, 2003 ...
... and inhibitory components. Despite the temporal precision under appropriate stimulation conditions, neuronal responses can be highly variable across trials, in particular in visual cortex (Heggelund and Albus, 1978; Buracas et al., 1998), but much less so in auditory cortex (De Weese and Zador, 2003 ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... and passed to the heart, where the human soul used that data to select a course of action to be executed by the neural and vascular systems of the body. For Aristotle the physiological systems of the body could, in this regard, be divided into sensory and motor divisions, which were causally linked ...
... and passed to the heart, where the human soul used that data to select a course of action to be executed by the neural and vascular systems of the body. For Aristotle the physiological systems of the body could, in this regard, be divided into sensory and motor divisions, which were causally linked ...
Focal local field potential (LFP) signature of the single
... located on somas or dendrites proximal to soma (White et al., 1984; Keller and White, 1987; Staiger et al., 1996; Ahmed et al., 1997; Porter et al., 2001; Bagnall et al., 2011), while thalamic projections on RS cells are predominantly located on spines in the dendritic arbors (Keller and White, 1987 ...
... located on somas or dendrites proximal to soma (White et al., 1984; Keller and White, 1987; Staiger et al., 1996; Ahmed et al., 1997; Porter et al., 2001; Bagnall et al., 2011), while thalamic projections on RS cells are predominantly located on spines in the dendritic arbors (Keller and White, 1987 ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.