Synchronization of Fast (30-40 Hz)
... degree of resemblance and phase sign as well as the time-lags separating the waves. The autocorrelation function indicates the main period of the oscillation (at the abscissa of the first secondary peak) and the strength of the oscillation (as a function of the number of secondary peaks visible in t ...
... degree of resemblance and phase sign as well as the time-lags separating the waves. The autocorrelation function indicates the main period of the oscillation (at the abscissa of the first secondary peak) and the strength of the oscillation (as a function of the number of secondary peaks visible in t ...
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... 52. Stimulus A depolarizes a neuron just barely above the threshold. Stimulus B depolarizes a neuron to 10 mV beyond threshold. What can we expect to happen? A. Stimulus B will produce an action potential that is conducted at a faster speed than A. B. Stimulus B will produce an action potential of g ...
... 52. Stimulus A depolarizes a neuron just barely above the threshold. Stimulus B depolarizes a neuron to 10 mV beyond threshold. What can we expect to happen? A. Stimulus B will produce an action potential that is conducted at a faster speed than A. B. Stimulus B will produce an action potential of g ...
Implications of Polychronous Neuronal Groups for the Nature of Mental Representations
... an action potential. Alternatively, if neurons a, b, and c fire in the reverse order, neuron y will may spike, while neuron x will remain silent. Thus, the effects of spikes from neurons a, b, and c on the firing of neurons x and y is critically dependent on the timing of the spikes. In larger, more ...
... an action potential. Alternatively, if neurons a, b, and c fire in the reverse order, neuron y will may spike, while neuron x will remain silent. Thus, the effects of spikes from neurons a, b, and c on the firing of neurons x and y is critically dependent on the timing of the spikes. In larger, more ...
A táplálékfelvétel, a só- és vízháztartás neuroanatómiája
... agonists into the shell portion of the nucleus - microinjections of GABAA agonist muscimol into the accumbens nucleus exhibit feeding response, activate hypothalamic orexin neurons and inhibit POMC neurons - the nucleus contains high levels of MCH and cannabinoid receptor mRNA ...
... agonists into the shell portion of the nucleus - microinjections of GABAA agonist muscimol into the accumbens nucleus exhibit feeding response, activate hypothalamic orexin neurons and inhibit POMC neurons - the nucleus contains high levels of MCH and cannabinoid receptor mRNA ...
Title
... Unlike Figure C, this model does not involve pretending or a decision-making mechanism (of the same kind employed by the target), which we may recall are the features Goldman seems to take to be distinctive of ST. 22 However, he explicitly concedes that (1) pretend mental states and (2) a decision-m ...
... Unlike Figure C, this model does not involve pretending or a decision-making mechanism (of the same kind employed by the target), which we may recall are the features Goldman seems to take to be distinctive of ST. 22 However, he explicitly concedes that (1) pretend mental states and (2) a decision-m ...
Fulltext - Jultika
... Sensory systems are considered to be optimized for their ecological niche. In vision this means highly organised regular structure and function, where nearly identical photoreceptors have graded light responses in order to be able to handle as much information as possible. Instead, cockroach compoun ...
... Sensory systems are considered to be optimized for their ecological niche. In vision this means highly organised regular structure and function, where nearly identical photoreceptors have graded light responses in order to be able to handle as much information as possible. Instead, cockroach compoun ...
The Eye - Johns Hopkins Medicine
... Fovea – the area where there is a depression formed by thinning of the inner retinal layers to allow light to directly shine on the photoreceptor layer http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/courses/vet_eyes/eye_path/epath_overview_index.html ...
... Fovea – the area where there is a depression formed by thinning of the inner retinal layers to allow light to directly shine on the photoreceptor layer http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/courses/vet_eyes/eye_path/epath_overview_index.html ...
Molecular mechanisms of floor plate formation and neural patterning
... mdkb resulted in the same reduction of iridophores as in mutants deficient for Alk. This indicates that Alk could be a putative receptor of Mdks during zebrafish embryogenesis. In most vertebrate species a lateral floor plate (LFP) domain adjacent to the MFP has been defined. In higher vertebrates i ...
... mdkb resulted in the same reduction of iridophores as in mutants deficient for Alk. This indicates that Alk could be a putative receptor of Mdks during zebrafish embryogenesis. In most vertebrate species a lateral floor plate (LFP) domain adjacent to the MFP has been defined. In higher vertebrates i ...
mRNA at the Synapse - Journal of Neuroscience
... Figure 1. Electron micrographs of the MF-CA3 synapse. a, MF-CA3 synapse in stratum lucidum of hippocampal area CA3 (from Chicurel and Harris, 1992). b, MF-CA3 synaptosomal preparation. Arrows indicate ribosome clusters; arrowheads indicate PSDs. MF, MF boutons; D, dendritic spines; A, astrocyte proc ...
... Figure 1. Electron micrographs of the MF-CA3 synapse. a, MF-CA3 synapse in stratum lucidum of hippocampal area CA3 (from Chicurel and Harris, 1992). b, MF-CA3 synaptosomal preparation. Arrows indicate ribosome clusters; arrowheads indicate PSDs. MF, MF boutons; D, dendritic spines; A, astrocyte proc ...
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... pleomorphic vesicles form symmetric synapses, indicating an inhibitory function; by analogy to the cerebellar cortex, such endings may be inferred to be Golgi cell axons. Our goal in this study was to use what is known about these cell types and profiles at the ultrastructural level to identify whic ...
... pleomorphic vesicles form symmetric synapses, indicating an inhibitory function; by analogy to the cerebellar cortex, such endings may be inferred to be Golgi cell axons. Our goal in this study was to use what is known about these cell types and profiles at the ultrastructural level to identify whic ...
Projections from the superior temporal sulcus to the agranular frontal
... part). Relatively dense labelling was concentrated in the caudal and ventral part of the uSTS, at a level caudal to the end of the lateral ®ssure. This labelling extended, ventrally, up to the border with the ¯oor, slightly invading the dorsalmost part of the ¯oor itself. The location of this labell ...
... part). Relatively dense labelling was concentrated in the caudal and ventral part of the uSTS, at a level caudal to the end of the lateral ®ssure. This labelling extended, ventrally, up to the border with the ¯oor, slightly invading the dorsalmost part of the ¯oor itself. The location of this labell ...
Patterning of brain precursors in ascidian embryos
... In terms of their embryonic origins, the anterior and posterior parts of the ascidian central nervous system (CNS) are associated with distinct germ layers. The anterior part of the sensory vesicle, or brain, originates from ectoderm lineages following a neuro-epidermal binary fate decision. In cont ...
... In terms of their embryonic origins, the anterior and posterior parts of the ascidian central nervous system (CNS) are associated with distinct germ layers. The anterior part of the sensory vesicle, or brain, originates from ectoderm lineages following a neuro-epidermal binary fate decision. In cont ...
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX NEURONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
... tation of the line. To overcome this “aperture problem,” the visual system must have the capability of computing unambiguous directional cues derived from “line terminators,” and weighting them more than ambiguous signals produced by line interior. Traditionally, vision is viewed as hierarchical ana ...
... tation of the line. To overcome this “aperture problem,” the visual system must have the capability of computing unambiguous directional cues derived from “line terminators,” and weighting them more than ambiguous signals produced by line interior. Traditionally, vision is viewed as hierarchical ana ...
PDF
... What, then, do the ramps tell us about dopaminergic signalling in the brain? Mostly, that we have to go back to the drawing board. Obviously, before radically rethinking the current theory, it should be determined how general these findings are. Others have measured dopamine in tasks requiring a ser ...
... What, then, do the ramps tell us about dopaminergic signalling in the brain? Mostly, that we have to go back to the drawing board. Obviously, before radically rethinking the current theory, it should be determined how general these findings are. Others have measured dopamine in tasks requiring a ser ...
book - Electrophysiology of the Neuron
... that the permeability of the membrane to these ions does not change with changes in membrane potential and contributes substantially to the resting "leakiness" of the membrane. To examine the influence of pNaleak and pKleak in the computer model, open Conductances in the Parameters menu and change p ...
... that the permeability of the membrane to these ions does not change with changes in membrane potential and contributes substantially to the resting "leakiness" of the membrane. To examine the influence of pNaleak and pKleak in the computer model, open Conductances in the Parameters menu and change p ...
Oxytocin Influence on the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
... frequency of mEPSCs twofold [Peters et al. (2008), their Fig. 2], an effect that was attenuated by coadministration of a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist [Peters et al. (2008), their Fig. 4]. Importantly, this effect was selective to approximately half of the second-order NTS neurons identifie ...
... frequency of mEPSCs twofold [Peters et al. (2008), their Fig. 2], an effect that was attenuated by coadministration of a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist [Peters et al. (2008), their Fig. 4]. Importantly, this effect was selective to approximately half of the second-order NTS neurons identifie ...
Mechanisms for generating and compensating for the
... gaze position, microsaccades can be understood by relating them to the larger voluntary saccades, which abruptly shift gaze position. Starting from this approach to microsaccade analysis, I show how it can lead to significant insight about the generation and functional role of these eye movements. L ...
... gaze position, microsaccades can be understood by relating them to the larger voluntary saccades, which abruptly shift gaze position. Starting from this approach to microsaccade analysis, I show how it can lead to significant insight about the generation and functional role of these eye movements. L ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Inflammatory and Degenerative Brain
... plasticity has been obtained in the recent years by using COX inhibitors in in vivo and in vitro models of synaptic plasticity. COX-2 inhibitors, but not COX-1 selective inhibitors, administered systemically shortly after training in the Morris water maze (a hippocampal-dependent learning task) have ...
... plasticity has been obtained in the recent years by using COX inhibitors in in vivo and in vitro models of synaptic plasticity. COX-2 inhibitors, but not COX-1 selective inhibitors, administered systemically shortly after training in the Morris water maze (a hippocampal-dependent learning task) have ...
A Taxonomy of the Evolution of Artificial Neural Systems Helmut A
... of neural systems. In order to categorize the various components we will present a taxonomy of the evolutionary optimization of an Artificial Neural System (ANS) [20]. To our knowledge, the first work presenting a survey of the various aspects of the evolution of neural networks was given by Yao (19 ...
... of neural systems. In order to categorize the various components we will present a taxonomy of the evolutionary optimization of an Artificial Neural System (ANS) [20]. To our knowledge, the first work presenting a survey of the various aspects of the evolution of neural networks was given by Yao (19 ...
The State of the Art of Respiratory Control
... What we do know is that the respiratory rhythm and pattern generator is located within the brainstem. Lumsden (1923) initially showed this in anesthetized cats, where serial rostral to caudal dissections through the brain showed that respiratory activity ceased following a final dissection caudal to ...
... What we do know is that the respiratory rhythm and pattern generator is located within the brainstem. Lumsden (1923) initially showed this in anesthetized cats, where serial rostral to caudal dissections through the brain showed that respiratory activity ceased following a final dissection caudal to ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.