Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
theta oscillation in the hippocampus
... synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells in urethaneanesthetized rats. T ...
... synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells in urethaneanesthetized rats. T ...
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... showed that activity on the first five trials differed significantly from background, as well as from activity on later trials, for both unexpected reward and reward omission (P values < 0.01). Furthermore, the distribution of difference scores comparing each neuron’s firing early and late in the bl ...
... showed that activity on the first five trials differed significantly from background, as well as from activity on later trials, for both unexpected reward and reward omission (P values < 0.01). Furthermore, the distribution of difference scores comparing each neuron’s firing early and late in the bl ...
Molecular Pathways of Endoplasmic Reticulum
... isomerase, and brain specific isoform of SERCA2b pump or proapoptotic mechanisms (e.g. by the activation of several kinases such as Jun N-terminal kinases, caspase-12 from the protease family and degradation of 28 S ribosomal RNA). In parallel, protein synthesis inhibition in neurons occurs during e ...
... isomerase, and brain specific isoform of SERCA2b pump or proapoptotic mechanisms (e.g. by the activation of several kinases such as Jun N-terminal kinases, caspase-12 from the protease family and degradation of 28 S ribosomal RNA). In parallel, protein synthesis inhibition in neurons occurs during e ...
Zinc Alters Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxicity on Cortical Neurons
... myriad metabolic processes(Vallee, 1959), histochemicalmethods have revealed foci of chelatableZn (Danscher et al., 198.5), specifically in forebrain neuropil (Haug, 1973), and ultrastructural studies have further suggestedthat much of this Zn is located within certain synaptic vesicles in excitator ...
... myriad metabolic processes(Vallee, 1959), histochemicalmethods have revealed foci of chelatableZn (Danscher et al., 198.5), specifically in forebrain neuropil (Haug, 1973), and ultrastructural studies have further suggestedthat much of this Zn is located within certain synaptic vesicles in excitator ...
The coding of uniform colour figures in monkey visual cortex
... through the heart with phosphate buffer and formaldehyde. Single cell activity was recorded extracellularly with glass-coated Pt–Ir microelectrodes inserted through small (3 mm) trephinations. Electrodes with fine tips were used that easily isolate single cells (taper 0.07–0.1, impedance 3–15 MV at ...
... through the heart with phosphate buffer and formaldehyde. Single cell activity was recorded extracellularly with glass-coated Pt–Ir microelectrodes inserted through small (3 mm) trephinations. Electrodes with fine tips were used that easily isolate single cells (taper 0.07–0.1, impedance 3–15 MV at ...
Climbing Neuronal Activity as an Event
... reflect the expectation time of the test stimulus (see also Reutimann et al., 2001). Our goal is not to present data that give a definitive answer to the question of how time is represented in IT during the DMS task but to study quantitatively the conditions for generating and modifying such a possi ...
... reflect the expectation time of the test stimulus (see also Reutimann et al., 2001). Our goal is not to present data that give a definitive answer to the question of how time is represented in IT during the DMS task but to study quantitatively the conditions for generating and modifying such a possi ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... field in primary visual cortex, or striate cortex as it was usually referred to at the time, had been established in the cat and monkey by Talbot & Marshall (1941) who also noted the expansion of the size of the visual field representation between retina and cortex. G. H. Bishop had explored visual ...
... field in primary visual cortex, or striate cortex as it was usually referred to at the time, had been established in the cat and monkey by Talbot & Marshall (1941) who also noted the expansion of the size of the visual field representation between retina and cortex. G. H. Bishop had explored visual ...
Lab 5: Nervous System I
... • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to another form of energy in order for the information to be transmitted to its target (i.e. a muscle, a ...
... • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to another form of energy in order for the information to be transmitted to its target (i.e. a muscle, a ...
FISIOLOGI HIDUNG DAN SINUS PARANASAL
... Role of Pain Fibers in Nose Naked endings of many trigeminal pain fibers are found in olfactory mucous membrane They are stimulated by irritating substances, and an irritative Trigeminally mediated component is part of characteristic “odor” of such substances as peppermint, menthol, chlorine These ...
... Role of Pain Fibers in Nose Naked endings of many trigeminal pain fibers are found in olfactory mucous membrane They are stimulated by irritating substances, and an irritative Trigeminally mediated component is part of characteristic “odor” of such substances as peppermint, menthol, chlorine These ...
FISIOLOGI HIDUNG DAN SINUS PARANASAL
... Role of Pain Fibers in Nose Naked endings of many trigeminal pain fibers are found in olfactory mucous membrane They are stimulated by irritating substances, and an irritative Trigeminally mediated component is part of characteristic “odor” of such substances as peppermint, menthol, chlorine These ...
... Role of Pain Fibers in Nose Naked endings of many trigeminal pain fibers are found in olfactory mucous membrane They are stimulated by irritating substances, and an irritative Trigeminally mediated component is part of characteristic “odor” of such substances as peppermint, menthol, chlorine These ...
The Switch of Subthalamic Neurons From an Irregular to a Bursting
... France), except gabazine (SR- 95531; a gift from Sanofi Research, Montpellier, France), and were dissolved in distilled water. The remaining barrels, filled with 145 mM NaCl, were used for automatic current balancing and current tests (Stone, 1985). To prevent drug diffusion, retaining currents (5–1 ...
... France), except gabazine (SR- 95531; a gift from Sanofi Research, Montpellier, France), and were dissolved in distilled water. The remaining barrels, filled with 145 mM NaCl, were used for automatic current balancing and current tests (Stone, 1985). To prevent drug diffusion, retaining currents (5–1 ...
Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia
... The anterior cingulate circuit (limbic loop) is important in behavior control and adaptation of behaviours after making a mistake (ibid.). The damage of this circuit results in emotional disorders especially deep apathy and lack of spontaneity. Lowered mood is accompanied by weakening of affect and ...
... The anterior cingulate circuit (limbic loop) is important in behavior control and adaptation of behaviours after making a mistake (ibid.). The damage of this circuit results in emotional disorders especially deep apathy and lack of spontaneity. Lowered mood is accompanied by weakening of affect and ...
Intention, Action Planning, and Decision Making in Parietal
... the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and other areas within the PPC, such as area 5. In the final section, we will show examples of ‘‘proof of concept’’ in which the action-related activity in the PPC and PMd cortex can be decoded and used to provide control signals for neural prosthetic applications. ...
... the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and other areas within the PPC, such as area 5. In the final section, we will show examples of ‘‘proof of concept’’ in which the action-related activity in the PPC and PMd cortex can be decoded and used to provide control signals for neural prosthetic applications. ...
Assessing the Function of Motor Cortex: Single
... that some M1 activity was related to noncausal motor output parameters, such as the current joint angle and the direction of the next movement in a repeated sequence (Thach, 1978). When the domain of neurophysiological inquiry expanded to the study of multijoint reaching movements (Georgopoulos et a ...
... that some M1 activity was related to noncausal motor output parameters, such as the current joint angle and the direction of the next movement in a repeated sequence (Thach, 1978). When the domain of neurophysiological inquiry expanded to the study of multijoint reaching movements (Georgopoulos et a ...
Neurobiology of injury to the developing brain.
... regeneration. Therefore, combination therapeutic strategies might be more effective than a single strategy for promoting functional recovery after SCI. In the present study, we investigated whether a NgR vaccine, combined with neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation, could promote better functional r ...
... regeneration. Therefore, combination therapeutic strategies might be more effective than a single strategy for promoting functional recovery after SCI. In the present study, we investigated whether a NgR vaccine, combined with neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation, could promote better functional r ...
Mapping synaptic pathology within cerebral cortical circuits in
... An important adaptation required for studies of human disease is coupling this approach to stereologic methods for systematic random sampling of relevant brain regions. In this review article we consider the application of multiple label fluorescence confocal microscopy to the mapping of synaptic al ...
... An important adaptation required for studies of human disease is coupling this approach to stereologic methods for systematic random sampling of relevant brain regions. In this review article we consider the application of multiple label fluorescence confocal microscopy to the mapping of synaptic al ...
Vestibular System
... Pressure waves of air (20 to 20,000 Hz in man; up to 40,000 Hz in the dog &100,000 Hz in the bat) can be interpreted as sound. Sound has subjective properties that correspond to parameters of physics: pitch = wave frequency = Hz = Hertz = cycles/sec., volume = amplitude from the low point to the hig ...
... Pressure waves of air (20 to 20,000 Hz in man; up to 40,000 Hz in the dog &100,000 Hz in the bat) can be interpreted as sound. Sound has subjective properties that correspond to parameters of physics: pitch = wave frequency = Hz = Hertz = cycles/sec., volume = amplitude from the low point to the hig ...
Principles of Endocrinology - The Central Endocrine Glands
... hormone must be present in sufficient amounts for the full effect of another hormone to occur. eg; adrenaline needs thyroid hormones for energy production Integrative – an interaction whereby many hormones regulate the different body physiological systems eg: calcitriol and PTH effects on tissues in ...
... hormone must be present in sufficient amounts for the full effect of another hormone to occur. eg; adrenaline needs thyroid hormones for energy production Integrative – an interaction whereby many hormones regulate the different body physiological systems eg: calcitriol and PTH effects on tissues in ...
Neuronal Clusters in the Primate Motor Cortex during Interception of
... Most of these activities began near the onset of the movement. However, the two clusters which showed earlier onset of activity (i.e., Clusters 1 and 4) displayed additional component in their activity immediately after the target onset. In the first animal, the movement onset was delayed substantia ...
... Most of these activities began near the onset of the movement. However, the two clusters which showed earlier onset of activity (i.e., Clusters 1 and 4) displayed additional component in their activity immediately after the target onset. In the first animal, the movement onset was delayed substantia ...
Course of spinocerebellar axons in the ventral and lateral funiculi of
... two cases (C253 and C256) had injections covering sublobules VIIB, VIIIA and VIIIB, and parts of the termination area in the paramedian lobule, most prominently in one of them (C253). In this case, the medial part of dorsal paraflocculus was involved too. In both of these cases there was also a slig ...
... two cases (C253 and C256) had injections covering sublobules VIIB, VIIIA and VIIIB, and parts of the termination area in the paramedian lobule, most prominently in one of them (C253). In this case, the medial part of dorsal paraflocculus was involved too. In both of these cases there was also a slig ...
Grid Cell Firing May Arise From Interference of Theta Frequency
... from experimental data, can be used to derive the model of grid cells presented by Burgess et al. (2005, 2007). This derivation demonstrates that the model is not just an ad hoc account for grid cell properties, but is specifically indicated by the pattern of experimental results described above. Oth ...
... from experimental data, can be used to derive the model of grid cells presented by Burgess et al. (2005, 2007). This derivation demonstrates that the model is not just an ad hoc account for grid cell properties, but is specifically indicated by the pattern of experimental results described above. Oth ...
MECHANISMS OF VERTEBRATE SYNAPTOGENESIS
... from the ventral horn of the spinal cord delay synapse formation until they innervate muscle fibers some distance away (Burden 2002, Sanes & Lichtman 2001). In these examples not only is synapse formation delayed until axons reach specific target regions, but even within these target regions there are ...
... from the ventral horn of the spinal cord delay synapse formation until they innervate muscle fibers some distance away (Burden 2002, Sanes & Lichtman 2001). In these examples not only is synapse formation delayed until axons reach specific target regions, but even within these target regions there are ...
12-4 Membrane Potential
... there are more positive charges outside the plasma membrane. Negatively charged protein molecules within the cytosol cannot cross the plasma membrane, so there are more negative charges on the cytosol side of the plasma membrane. This results in an electrical gradient across the plasma membrane. ...
... there are more positive charges outside the plasma membrane. Negatively charged protein molecules within the cytosol cannot cross the plasma membrane, so there are more negative charges on the cytosol side of the plasma membrane. This results in an electrical gradient across the plasma membrane. ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.