Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... pathways which contribute to discriminative vs. reflexive behavior) or those serving different functions within the same pathway (e.g. excitatory vs. inhibitory; projection neuron vs. interneuron). The transfer function of an individual rNST neuron is a consequence of its cellular properties and sur ...
... pathways which contribute to discriminative vs. reflexive behavior) or those serving different functions within the same pathway (e.g. excitatory vs. inhibitory; projection neuron vs. interneuron). The transfer function of an individual rNST neuron is a consequence of its cellular properties and sur ...
Head-Direction Cells Recorded from the Postsubiculum in Freely
... (9-10 gm/d) and maintained on this diet for the duration of the experiment. During the first week of training, animals were handled once a day to familiarize them with the experimenter. At the start of the second week, about fifty 45-mg food pellets were scattered on the cylinder floor and each anim ...
... (9-10 gm/d) and maintained on this diet for the duration of the experiment. During the first week of training, animals were handled once a day to familiarize them with the experimenter. At the start of the second week, about fifty 45-mg food pellets were scattered on the cylinder floor and each anim ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... responses related to feeding, or to the presentation of aversive objects. Various food, non-food and aversive objects were presented and brought towards the animal, and in the case of foods, fed to the animal. Measurements of the tiring rate of the neuron were taken in consecutive periods according ...
... responses related to feeding, or to the presentation of aversive objects. Various food, non-food and aversive objects were presented and brought towards the animal, and in the case of foods, fed to the animal. Measurements of the tiring rate of the neuron were taken in consecutive periods according ...
Some Analogies Between Visual Cortical and Genetic Maps
... found that much of the DNA reassociated far more rapidly and at lower concentrations than would be expected if there were no redundancy in the DNA sequence, which led to their estimate that more than one-third of the DN A in higher organisms is made up of sequences which are replicated many times. T ...
... found that much of the DNA reassociated far more rapidly and at lower concentrations than would be expected if there were no redundancy in the DNA sequence, which led to their estimate that more than one-third of the DN A in higher organisms is made up of sequences which are replicated many times. T ...
The neural encoding of self-generated and externally applied
... indicate sensory processing has adapted to account for differences in the stimuli experienced by each species in its natural environment. Alternatively, it is also possible that neuronal sensi ...
... indicate sensory processing has adapted to account for differences in the stimuli experienced by each species in its natural environment. Alternatively, it is also possible that neuronal sensi ...
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL
... neuronal development. While a considerable amount of information is known about various biological events that occur at opposite ends of the developmental spectra, the mechanisms connecting them are often enigmatic, but can be elucidated through examining the proteins that they share in common. ...
... neuronal development. While a considerable amount of information is known about various biological events that occur at opposite ends of the developmental spectra, the mechanisms connecting them are often enigmatic, but can be elucidated through examining the proteins that they share in common. ...
File
... relative to outside of the cell at rest. The resting membrane potential is found in almost all cells. In neurons, it is usually about -70 mV. Resting (Cell at rest), membrane (on two side of the cell membrane), potential (voltage difference) -70 mV (inside the cell is less than outside the cell by 7 ...
... relative to outside of the cell at rest. The resting membrane potential is found in almost all cells. In neurons, it is usually about -70 mV. Resting (Cell at rest), membrane (on two side of the cell membrane), potential (voltage difference) -70 mV (inside the cell is less than outside the cell by 7 ...
Mirror neurons and the social nature of language
... Experiments by Umiltà et al. (2001) showed that F5 mirror neurons are also activated during the observation of partially hidden actions, when the monkey can predict the action outcome, even in the absence of the complete visual information about it. Macaque monkeys’ mirror neurons therefore respond ...
... Experiments by Umiltà et al. (2001) showed that F5 mirror neurons are also activated during the observation of partially hidden actions, when the monkey can predict the action outcome, even in the absence of the complete visual information about it. Macaque monkeys’ mirror neurons therefore respond ...
Edvard I. Moser - Nobel Lecture: Grid Cells and the
... cortex. In the 1990s, neural recordings from the entorhinal cortex suggested that cells in this area have broad and dispersed firing fields, quite different from the sharp and confined fields of the CA1 area of the hippocampus (Barnes et al., 1990; Quirk et al., 1992; Frank et al., 2000). A common i ...
... cortex. In the 1990s, neural recordings from the entorhinal cortex suggested that cells in this area have broad and dispersed firing fields, quite different from the sharp and confined fields of the CA1 area of the hippocampus (Barnes et al., 1990; Quirk et al., 1992; Frank et al., 2000). A common i ...
Visual Experience Is Necessary for Maintenance But Not
... the RFs in SC became fully refined in the dark, without any delay, yet they could not be maintained if animals remained in the dark as adults. These results are unexpected and important for understanding how early experience may influence the ability to recover from temporary vision loss late in lif ...
... the RFs in SC became fully refined in the dark, without any delay, yet they could not be maintained if animals remained in the dark as adults. These results are unexpected and important for understanding how early experience may influence the ability to recover from temporary vision loss late in lif ...
studies on the development and organisation of the nervous system
... The building of a nervous system during development can be divided into three phases: the generation of the correct cells in the correct places, the outgrowth of nerve processes, and the formation of synapses. All of these phases show a high degree of specificity, which means that a large amount of ...
... The building of a nervous system during development can be divided into three phases: the generation of the correct cells in the correct places, the outgrowth of nerve processes, and the formation of synapses. All of these phases show a high degree of specificity, which means that a large amount of ...
Spiking Neurons - Computing Science and Mathematics
... . The difficulty of these tasks is appreciated, if one tries to program a small robot to do the same thing : It turns out to be a challenging endeavor. Yet animals perform these tasks with apparent ease. Their astonishingly good performance is due to a neural system or ' brain' which has been optimi ...
... . The difficulty of these tasks is appreciated, if one tries to program a small robot to do the same thing : It turns out to be a challenging endeavor. Yet animals perform these tasks with apparent ease. Their astonishingly good performance is due to a neural system or ' brain' which has been optimi ...
Basal Ganglia: Mechanisms for Action Selection
... The contribution of the “indirect” pathway to selection has been more difficult to unravel. The original box-and-arrow models proposed that this pathway acts to counteract the selection of an action: increased inhibition of the GPe by its striatal inputs would lead to enhanced STN output to SNr/GPi, ...
... The contribution of the “indirect” pathway to selection has been more difficult to unravel. The original box-and-arrow models proposed that this pathway acts to counteract the selection of an action: increased inhibition of the GPe by its striatal inputs would lead to enhanced STN output to SNr/GPi, ...
a needle into the sub- and the dorsal funiculi. Preganglionic
... described in 1952, names were given to many of the cell columns, with all but a few of these names now having fallen into disuse. They were used differently by different authors, and ...
... described in 1952, names were given to many of the cell columns, with all but a few of these names now having fallen into disuse. They were used differently by different authors, and ...
Fig. - Development - The Company of Biologists
... induced in the mandibular division of Edn1−/− mutants upon innervation of the duplicated whisker pad. In wild-type E11.5 and E13.5 TG, Hmx1 and OC1 (Onecut1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) are selectively expressed in the mandibular division, whereas Tbx3 is highly expressed in ophthalmic and maxillary ...
... induced in the mandibular division of Edn1−/− mutants upon innervation of the duplicated whisker pad. In wild-type E11.5 and E13.5 TG, Hmx1 and OC1 (Onecut1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) are selectively expressed in the mandibular division, whereas Tbx3 is highly expressed in ophthalmic and maxillary ...
Descending Pathways in Motor Control
... major mammalian descending pathways. We now have advanced anatomical details for many of them, but the functional roles of each pathway and how they relate to these anatomical features are still unresolved. In particular, we lack evidence in the awake animal or human volunteer as to the nature of th ...
... major mammalian descending pathways. We now have advanced anatomical details for many of them, but the functional roles of each pathway and how they relate to these anatomical features are still unresolved. In particular, we lack evidence in the awake animal or human volunteer as to the nature of th ...
Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... induced in the mandibular division of Edn1−/− mutants upon innervation of the duplicated whisker pad. In wild-type E11.5 and E13.5 TG, Hmx1 and OC1 (Onecut1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) are selectively expressed in the mandibular division, whereas Tbx3 is highly expressed in ophthalmic and maxillary ...
... induced in the mandibular division of Edn1−/− mutants upon innervation of the duplicated whisker pad. In wild-type E11.5 and E13.5 TG, Hmx1 and OC1 (Onecut1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) are selectively expressed in the mandibular division, whereas Tbx3 is highly expressed in ophthalmic and maxillary ...
Continuous transformation learning of translation
... Fig. 2 An illustration of how CT learning would function in a network with a single layer of forward synaptic connections between an input layer of neurons and an output layer. Initially the forward synaptic weights are set to random values. The top part a shows the initial presentation of a stimulu ...
... Fig. 2 An illustration of how CT learning would function in a network with a single layer of forward synaptic connections between an input layer of neurons and an output layer. Initially the forward synaptic weights are set to random values. The top part a shows the initial presentation of a stimulu ...
amino acid uptake, content, and metabolism by neuronal and glial
... possibly several other amino acids function as either neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the CNS of vertebrates (Curtis and Johnson, 1974; Krnjevic, 1974; i This research was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant NS16004, and was conducted in part at The Franklin Institute, Philadelp ...
... possibly several other amino acids function as either neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the CNS of vertebrates (Curtis and Johnson, 1974; Krnjevic, 1974; i This research was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant NS16004, and was conducted in part at The Franklin Institute, Philadelp ...
jneurosci.org - INI Institute of Neuroinformatics
... detected by the preprocessing step. Some excitatory neurons simply did region was classified as being part of a bigger linear set of points L if its not form many long axonal arbors (see Fig. 1 D1), and those neurons also boutons were formed by only one or two axonal branches, or the fitted had a lo ...
... detected by the preprocessing step. Some excitatory neurons simply did region was classified as being part of a bigger linear set of points L if its not form many long axonal arbors (see Fig. 1 D1), and those neurons also boutons were formed by only one or two axonal branches, or the fitted had a lo ...
Potassium Currents Responsible for Inward and Outward
... by TEA (25 mM), a blocker of the slow, noninactivating K’ current. Collectively, these results indicate that all three depolarization-activated K’ currents contribute to outward rectification at different times and membrane potentials defined by their voltage dependence of activation and kinetics of ...
... by TEA (25 mM), a blocker of the slow, noninactivating K’ current. Collectively, these results indicate that all three depolarization-activated K’ currents contribute to outward rectification at different times and membrane potentials defined by their voltage dependence of activation and kinetics of ...
- TestbankU
... Page Ref: 36-37 Topic: Supporting Cells Skill: Factual Answer: a. astrocytes Rationale: Astrocytes form scar tissue in brain that acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells. 2.1-37. Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by a. oligodendrocytes. b. microglia. c. astrocytes. d. neur ...
... Page Ref: 36-37 Topic: Supporting Cells Skill: Factual Answer: a. astrocytes Rationale: Astrocytes form scar tissue in brain that acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells. 2.1-37. Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by a. oligodendrocytes. b. microglia. c. astrocytes. d. neur ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.