Formation of a full complement of cranial proprioceptors requires
... TrkC null mice has been confirmed previously by electron microscopy (Kucera et al., 1998). Although numbers of spindles were reduced in mutant NT3 or BDNF mice, the distribution of spindles in individual muscles paralleled that of wild-type mice. Spindles are restricted to specific regions of most j ...
... TrkC null mice has been confirmed previously by electron microscopy (Kucera et al., 1998). Although numbers of spindles were reduced in mutant NT3 or BDNF mice, the distribution of spindles in individual muscles paralleled that of wild-type mice. Spindles are restricted to specific regions of most j ...
An ancestral axial twist explains the contralateral forebrain and the
... Among the best-known facts of the brain are the contralateral visual, auditory, sensational, and motor mappings in the forebrain. How and why did these evolve? The few theories to this question provide functional answers, such as better networks for visuomotor control. However, these theories contra ...
... Among the best-known facts of the brain are the contralateral visual, auditory, sensational, and motor mappings in the forebrain. How and why did these evolve? The few theories to this question provide functional answers, such as better networks for visuomotor control. However, these theories contra ...
Book of Abstracts - Oxygen Club of California
... H Hageman, G.J. ............................... 136 Hagen, T.M.......................................45 Hager, K............................................12 Hamilton, R.T. ....................... 81,85,93 Han, D. ........... 79,80,115,119,126,139 Hanawa, N. ............................. 119,126 Ha ...
... H Hageman, G.J. ............................... 136 Hagen, T.M.......................................45 Hager, K............................................12 Hamilton, R.T. ....................... 81,85,93 Han, D. ........... 79,80,115,119,126,139 Hanawa, N. ............................. 119,126 Ha ...
Deep transcriptome profiling of mammalian stem
... The importance of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the regulation of pluripotency has been documented; however, the noncoding components of stem cell gene networks remain largely unknown. Here we investigate the role of noncoding RNAs in the pluripotent state, with particular emphasis on nucle ...
... The importance of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the regulation of pluripotency has been documented; however, the noncoding components of stem cell gene networks remain largely unknown. Here we investigate the role of noncoding RNAs in the pluripotent state, with particular emphasis on nucle ...
US Copyright Law
... input neurons can originate in widely distributed regions. That is, there is tremendous convergence in the nervous system, as well as divergence, in which a single neuron can receive inputs from many neurons and/or project to multiple target neurons in different regions. Most axons are short project ...
... input neurons can originate in widely distributed regions. That is, there is tremendous convergence in the nervous system, as well as divergence, in which a single neuron can receive inputs from many neurons and/or project to multiple target neurons in different regions. Most axons are short project ...
Does the Conventional Leaky Integrate-and
... 2- Variation of the delay between pre-synaptic spike arrival and post-synaptic channel opening, in different synapses. (Synaptic noise) 3- The noise due to spontaneous firings of the neurons, which is often treated as a Poisson process. (Spontaneous noise) Thus, if the cortical neural groups are ass ...
... 2- Variation of the delay between pre-synaptic spike arrival and post-synaptic channel opening, in different synapses. (Synaptic noise) 3- The noise due to spontaneous firings of the neurons, which is often treated as a Poisson process. (Spontaneous noise) Thus, if the cortical neural groups are ass ...
Frontal Eye Fields - Psychological Sciences
... Role in Eye Movement Generation The FEF has been regarded most commonly as part of the ocular motor system; the evidence for this is beyond dispute [1]. Most evidence has been obtained through invasive studies with nonhuman primates, but the human FEF has been located through brain imaging [3], tran ...
... Role in Eye Movement Generation The FEF has been regarded most commonly as part of the ocular motor system; the evidence for this is beyond dispute [1]. Most evidence has been obtained through invasive studies with nonhuman primates, but the human FEF has been located through brain imaging [3], tran ...
Temperature - Division Of Animal Sciences
... controlling system. All subsystems are subject to modification by adaptive pro cesses. ...
... controlling system. All subsystems are subject to modification by adaptive pro cesses. ...
Biological Cybernetics
... while the activity is relatively uniform within a single glomerulus. Little is known about the input from the higher centers to the bulb. Stimulation with odors. depending on the animal motivation. causes an onset of a high-amplitude bulbar oscillatory activity, which is detected by surface EEG elec ...
... while the activity is relatively uniform within a single glomerulus. Little is known about the input from the higher centers to the bulb. Stimulation with odors. depending on the animal motivation. causes an onset of a high-amplitude bulbar oscillatory activity, which is detected by surface EEG elec ...
Chunking of Action Sequences in the Cortex
... for a different duration rather than using a single prolonged inhibition. Using their network they showed that relatively complex tasks could be solved, however the novelty responses, generalization responses and some temporal aspects in reward prediction was achieved by setting arbitrary values, suc ...
... for a different duration rather than using a single prolonged inhibition. Using their network they showed that relatively complex tasks could be solved, however the novelty responses, generalization responses and some temporal aspects in reward prediction was achieved by setting arbitrary values, suc ...
Nerve Growth Factor: Cellular localization and regulation of synthesis
... I Max-Planck.Instilute Cor Psychialry, Oeparlmeol of Neu rochemi$uy, 0-8033 Marti nsricd, FRQ. 2To whom oorrespondence should be addressed. ...
... I Max-Planck.Instilute Cor Psychialry, Oeparlmeol of Neu rochemi$uy, 0-8033 Marti nsricd, FRQ. 2To whom oorrespondence should be addressed. ...
Cells of the Nervous System
... 1.Name and describe the parts of a neuron and explain their functions. 2.Describe the supporting cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems and describe and explain the importance of the blood–brain barrier. 3.Briefly describe the neural circuitry responsible for a withdrawal reflex and its ...
... 1.Name and describe the parts of a neuron and explain their functions. 2.Describe the supporting cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems and describe and explain the importance of the blood–brain barrier. 3.Briefly describe the neural circuitry responsible for a withdrawal reflex and its ...
Glial heterogeneity: the increasing complexity of the brain
... brain regions, at different developmental stages and at different activity levels of the organism. These observations suggest that functional specializations of glia might have developed to meet the specific requirements of distinct networks which might as such be critical determinants of brain acti ...
... brain regions, at different developmental stages and at different activity levels of the organism. These observations suggest that functional specializations of glia might have developed to meet the specific requirements of distinct networks which might as such be critical determinants of brain acti ...
Transcripts/2_25 2
... c. In addition this pulse of activity goes directly to the motor neurons. It also goes to regions of the brain, the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi where the burst is turned into an increase of tonic firing rate. The burst gets integrated in a neural fashion. The bigger the burst, the higher the firin ...
... c. In addition this pulse of activity goes directly to the motor neurons. It also goes to regions of the brain, the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi where the burst is turned into an increase of tonic firing rate. The burst gets integrated in a neural fashion. The bigger the burst, the higher the firin ...
Central projections of auditory receptor neurons of crickets
... viewed and photographed with standard or confocal fluorescent microscopy and drawn by tracing the image of a negative projected with a photographic enlarger. Receptor neurons were classified physiologically on the basis of their responses to 30-ms sound pulses, presented twice per second. Sound freque ...
... viewed and photographed with standard or confocal fluorescent microscopy and drawn by tracing the image of a negative projected with a photographic enlarger. Receptor neurons were classified physiologically on the basis of their responses to 30-ms sound pulses, presented twice per second. Sound freque ...
Ch 8 Nervous System Test Key 1. In a neuron, short, branching
... c. Your cerebral cortex was damaged but has since re-routed your spinal reflexes. d. Your spine had been severed but has since regrown. e. The withdrawal reflex has taken over the stretch reflex function. ...
... c. Your cerebral cortex was damaged but has since re-routed your spinal reflexes. d. Your spine had been severed but has since regrown. e. The withdrawal reflex has taken over the stretch reflex function. ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
Information transmission and recovery in neural communications
... may be recovered at a later waystation and thus become useful again. Our discussion of the transmission properties of active neural channels is phrased in the context of an idealized channel composed on one neuron N1 that receives information in the form of a spike train and passes this on, modulate ...
... may be recovered at a later waystation and thus become useful again. Our discussion of the transmission properties of active neural channels is phrased in the context of an idealized channel composed on one neuron N1 that receives information in the form of a spike train and passes this on, modulate ...
Sherman_PPT_Chapter2
... Neurons: Basic Cells of the Nervous System • Because a neural signal is sent from one neuron to the next through the terminal buttons of the axons, the most common arrangement is for a neuron’s terminal buttons to be near, but not touching, the receptive dendrites of neighboring neurons. • The memb ...
... Neurons: Basic Cells of the Nervous System • Because a neural signal is sent from one neuron to the next through the terminal buttons of the axons, the most common arrangement is for a neuron’s terminal buttons to be near, but not touching, the receptive dendrites of neighboring neurons. • The memb ...
- Hayden Lab
... implemented a logistic general linear model with choice (offer 1 versus offer 2) as a function of seven regressors: both reward sizes, both reward probabilities, outcome of previous trial (reward versus no reward), choice of previous trial (offer 1 versus offer 2), and side of offer 1 (left versus r ...
... implemented a logistic general linear model with choice (offer 1 versus offer 2) as a function of seven regressors: both reward sizes, both reward probabilities, outcome of previous trial (reward versus no reward), choice of previous trial (offer 1 versus offer 2), and side of offer 1 (left versus r ...
The thalamus as a monitor of motor outputs
... then one is likely to be interested in a different set of properties that relate to features like movement vectors, etc. In practice, the retinofugal axon is more likely to be viewed in terms of its retinal properties, whereas one might start to look for the motor properties of the corticofugal axon ...
... then one is likely to be interested in a different set of properties that relate to features like movement vectors, etc. In practice, the retinofugal axon is more likely to be viewed in terms of its retinal properties, whereas one might start to look for the motor properties of the corticofugal axon ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.