CHAPTER 48 NEURONS, SYNAPSES, AND SIGNALING Learning
... 8. Explain the role of mechanoreceptors in hearing and balance. 9. Describe the structure and function of invertebrate statocysts. 10. Explain how insects may detect sound. 11. Refer to a diagram of the human ear and give the function of each structure. 12. Explain how the mammalian ear functions as ...
... 8. Explain the role of mechanoreceptors in hearing and balance. 9. Describe the structure and function of invertebrate statocysts. 10. Explain how insects may detect sound. 11. Refer to a diagram of the human ear and give the function of each structure. 12. Explain how the mammalian ear functions as ...
Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca. In: Squire LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, vol 7, pp 49-57. Oxford: Academic Press.
... which project to the lip region of the mushroom body (MB) and to the lateral protocerebrum, the LH. PNs in these two pathways have been analyzed more closely by intracellular recordings. PNs in the median antennocerebral tract (m-ACT) code odors by latency differences or specific inhibitory phases i ...
... which project to the lip region of the mushroom body (MB) and to the lateral protocerebrum, the LH. PNs in these two pathways have been analyzed more closely by intracellular recordings. PNs in the median antennocerebral tract (m-ACT) code odors by latency differences or specific inhibitory phases i ...
The thalamus as a monitor of motor outputs
... then one is likely to be interested in a different set of properties that relate to features like movement vectors, etc. In practice, the retinofugal axon is more likely to be viewed in terms of its retinal properties, whereas one might start to look for the motor properties of the corticofugal axon ...
... then one is likely to be interested in a different set of properties that relate to features like movement vectors, etc. In practice, the retinofugal axon is more likely to be viewed in terms of its retinal properties, whereas one might start to look for the motor properties of the corticofugal axon ...
Rebound spiking properties of mouse medial entorhinal cortex neurons in vivo NEUROSYSTEMS
... cell. We defined this as the input phase for elicited spikes. The thick line indicates the MRL (0.26) and MRA (256°). Hyperpolarizing inputs that occur at the later descending phase of the oscillation (180–270°) tend to elicit subsequent spikes in this cell. This cell showed significant non-uniformity ...
... cell. We defined this as the input phase for elicited spikes. The thick line indicates the MRL (0.26) and MRA (256°). Hyperpolarizing inputs that occur at the later descending phase of the oscillation (180–270°) tend to elicit subsequent spikes in this cell. This cell showed significant non-uniformity ...
Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
1 Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology
... administration. When in doubt, it is best to be guided by endogenous, physiological concentrations of the hormone (if they are known) and by what is already known about the temporal relations between the endogenous hormone fluctuations and the behavior under consideration. When considering the dose, ...
... administration. When in doubt, it is best to be guided by endogenous, physiological concentrations of the hormone (if they are known) and by what is already known about the temporal relations between the endogenous hormone fluctuations and the behavior under consideration. When considering the dose, ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... system: striate cortex, LGN, and optic tract. For the cortical recordings, a 2 3 2 mm craniotomy was made above the central visual field representation of striate cortex, and a small portion of the dura was resected. A glass-insulated tungsten electrode was then lowered to the cortical surface, and ...
... system: striate cortex, LGN, and optic tract. For the cortical recordings, a 2 3 2 mm craniotomy was made above the central visual field representation of striate cortex, and a small portion of the dura was resected. A glass-insulated tungsten electrode was then lowered to the cortical surface, and ...
genetic techniques for cell lineage tracking
... with high-throughput next-generation sequencing. This advance, which has been used to track mouse haematopoietic stem cells in vivo, allows for not only a more precise barcode identification and quantification compared with Sanger sequencing but also single-cell sensitivity 35. Cut-and-paste mechani ...
... with high-throughput next-generation sequencing. This advance, which has been used to track mouse haematopoietic stem cells in vivo, allows for not only a more precise barcode identification and quantification compared with Sanger sequencing but also single-cell sensitivity 35. Cut-and-paste mechani ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... traits that herald human characteristics. Among these are, relative to basal mammals and prosimians, a large skull, forward looking eyes and reduced muzzle (Fig. 6-2), and long arms and fingers. These physical traits are coupled with several human-like behavioral characteristics, including increased ...
... traits that herald human characteristics. Among these are, relative to basal mammals and prosimians, a large skull, forward looking eyes and reduced muzzle (Fig. 6-2), and long arms and fingers. These physical traits are coupled with several human-like behavioral characteristics, including increased ...
Microevolution of neuroendocrine mechanisms
... among individuals in their individual norms of reaction (the range of phenotypes/ages at first reproduction possible for that individual given the range of possible environments) (Roff 2002; Lessells 2008). In contrast, an evolutionary physiologist must examine multiple interacting potential variabl ...
... among individuals in their individual norms of reaction (the range of phenotypes/ages at first reproduction possible for that individual given the range of possible environments) (Roff 2002; Lessells 2008). In contrast, an evolutionary physiologist must examine multiple interacting potential variabl ...
Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster
... 19 and 20). The means to investigate chemistry, behavior, and physiology in a single organism has made the lobster a significant model for the study of the neural coding of odor quality. Lobsters also share with other animals the ability to continuously replace the olfactory sensory neurons, even as ...
... 19 and 20). The means to investigate chemistry, behavior, and physiology in a single organism has made the lobster a significant model for the study of the neural coding of odor quality. Lobsters also share with other animals the ability to continuously replace the olfactory sensory neurons, even as ...
Cell-Specific Transcriptional Profiling of Ciliated Sensory Neurons
... in whole worm (Table S2), and 335 genes significantly overrepresented 2- to 11-fold in EVNs (Figure 1D; Table S1). Cluster analysis of the total 14,455 genes expressed between sorted EVNs and whole worm showed high intragroup homogeneity (Figure S1A). Principal-component analysis showed clear separa ...
... in whole worm (Table S2), and 335 genes significantly overrepresented 2- to 11-fold in EVNs (Figure 1D; Table S1). Cluster analysis of the total 14,455 genes expressed between sorted EVNs and whole worm showed high intragroup homogeneity (Figure S1A). Principal-component analysis showed clear separa ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... segments through the slice depth are manually traced on regular paper pre-printed with a black box demarking 1 inch margins. The fields of view within these boxes represent unitary regions of interest (Fig. 1b) whose relative spatial position is labeled on the sheet with a univocal alphanumeric desi ...
... segments through the slice depth are manually traced on regular paper pre-printed with a black box demarking 1 inch margins. The fields of view within these boxes represent unitary regions of interest (Fig. 1b) whose relative spatial position is labeled on the sheet with a univocal alphanumeric desi ...
Three-dimensional spatiotemporal focusing of holographic patterns
... Combining CGH’s 3D light-shaping capability with 2P excitation can significantly broaden the range of possible applications. For example, simultaneous multiplane holographic pattern generation can enable fast 2P multiplane imaging, photostimulation and photo-polymerization methods. In addition, remot ...
... Combining CGH’s 3D light-shaping capability with 2P excitation can significantly broaden the range of possible applications. For example, simultaneous multiplane holographic pattern generation can enable fast 2P multiplane imaging, photostimulation and photo-polymerization methods. In addition, remot ...
Neural Interaction in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex. Dependence on
... probability of making just one contact was -0.1. Probabilities for making more than one contact were negligibly small; thus in the system of pyramidal cell to pyramidal cell connections the influence of one neuron onto another’s is very weak. Transcolumnar interaction was suggested to be at least an ...
... probability of making just one contact was -0.1. Probabilities for making more than one contact were negligibly small; thus in the system of pyramidal cell to pyramidal cell connections the influence of one neuron onto another’s is very weak. Transcolumnar interaction was suggested to be at least an ...
Synapses formed by normal and abnormal hippocampal mossy fibers
... granule cells “sprout” new axon collaterals and extend them into the dentate inner molecular layer (Nadler et al. 1980; Laurberg and Zimmer 1981; Frotscher and Zimmer 1983; Sloviter et al. 2006). This sprouting is a consistent feature that follows injury-induced loss of granule cell target neurons i ...
... granule cells “sprout” new axon collaterals and extend them into the dentate inner molecular layer (Nadler et al. 1980; Laurberg and Zimmer 1981; Frotscher and Zimmer 1983; Sloviter et al. 2006). This sprouting is a consistent feature that follows injury-induced loss of granule cell target neurons i ...
The Control of Rate and Timing of Spikes in the Deep Cerebellar
... potential required to yield realistic spike rates. Morpholog ical characteristics of recorded cells. C ell bodies were visualized in the slice with a Z eiss 63⫻ water immersion objective, and the image was captured on camera (Hamamatsu C2400) mounted on a 4⫻ phototube and displayed on a monitor. The ...
... potential required to yield realistic spike rates. Morpholog ical characteristics of recorded cells. C ell bodies were visualized in the slice with a Z eiss 63⫻ water immersion objective, and the image was captured on camera (Hamamatsu C2400) mounted on a 4⫻ phototube and displayed on a monitor. The ...
`off` responses in cat visual cortical receptive fields
... was continuously monitored on a digital oscilloscope and compared with its initial shape in order to ensure that the same neuron was recorded throughout the experiment. The recording electrode was also used to control postsynaptic activity levels iontophoretically (see Methods in Fregnac et al. 199 ...
... was continuously monitored on a digital oscilloscope and compared with its initial shape in order to ensure that the same neuron was recorded throughout the experiment. The recording electrode was also used to control postsynaptic activity levels iontophoretically (see Methods in Fregnac et al. 199 ...
Action Potential Riddle Quiz
... ▫ Could be a pin prick, light, heat, sound or an electrical disturbance in another part of the neuron (“telephone call”) ▫ Electrical signal rises from changes in permeability of the neuron’s axon membranes to specific ions (Na+ & K+) ...
... ▫ Could be a pin prick, light, heat, sound or an electrical disturbance in another part of the neuron (“telephone call”) ▫ Electrical signal rises from changes in permeability of the neuron’s axon membranes to specific ions (Na+ & K+) ...
Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education
... neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the peripheral nervous system). Myelin wraps around the shaft of the axons, forming an insulating and protective sheath. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together as “cab ...
... neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the peripheral nervous system). Myelin wraps around the shaft of the axons, forming an insulating and protective sheath. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together as “cab ...
Cerebrospinal fluid nerve growth factor levels in patients with
... severe degeneration in advanced AD and that these neurons are dependent upon NGF and its receptors for their survival.18 The present study showed no significant difference in the total protein concentration in normal subject and AD patient CSF samples. NGF is important in cellular development, mainten ...
... severe degeneration in advanced AD and that these neurons are dependent upon NGF and its receptors for their survival.18 The present study showed no significant difference in the total protein concentration in normal subject and AD patient CSF samples. NGF is important in cellular development, mainten ...
NSS214 - National Open University of Nigeria
... The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. They receive input from sensory neurons, and direct the activity of motor neurons. Association neurons are present to "associate" appropriate motor responses with sensory stimuli. The early embryo contains an embryonic tissue la ...
... The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. They receive input from sensory neurons, and direct the activity of motor neurons. Association neurons are present to "associate" appropriate motor responses with sensory stimuli. The early embryo contains an embryonic tissue la ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5, and 8Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom ...
... Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5, and 8Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.