The neuroepithelial basement membrane serves as a boundary and
... In many migratory cell types, such as wound-edge astrocytes and fibroblasts [12,21] or migrating cortical neurons [22], the centrosome localizes between the nucleus and the leading edge, where it organizes the microtubule cytoskeleton in a polarized fashion. We asked whether the change we observed i ...
... In many migratory cell types, such as wound-edge astrocytes and fibroblasts [12,21] or migrating cortical neurons [22], the centrosome localizes between the nucleus and the leading edge, where it organizes the microtubule cytoskeleton in a polarized fashion. We asked whether the change we observed i ...
Transgenic mice overexpressing the full
... However, it remains to be determined whether TrkC ligands regulate the development of LC NA neurons in vivo and if developmental alterations in LC may facilitate an anxiety prone phenotype and predispose to the development of panic disorder. We have tested the hypothesis that in vivo overexpression ...
... However, it remains to be determined whether TrkC ligands regulate the development of LC NA neurons in vivo and if developmental alterations in LC may facilitate an anxiety prone phenotype and predispose to the development of panic disorder. We have tested the hypothesis that in vivo overexpression ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... converting it from an ATP-requiring transporter to an open cationic channel. The result is sudden neuronal Na+ influx and K+ efflux. The double jeopardy of pump failure with the induction of a strong inward current should induce dramatic AD-like activity. Using light transmittance (LT) imaging, we s ...
... converting it from an ATP-requiring transporter to an open cationic channel. The result is sudden neuronal Na+ influx and K+ efflux. The double jeopardy of pump failure with the induction of a strong inward current should induce dramatic AD-like activity. Using light transmittance (LT) imaging, we s ...
"Fluorescence Microscopy: A Concise Guide to Current Imaging
... window into the physiology of living cells at sub-cellular levels of resolution. This allows direct visualization of the inner workings of physiological processes at a systems level context in a living cell or tissue. Fluorescence microscopy enables the study of diverse processes including protein l ...
... window into the physiology of living cells at sub-cellular levels of resolution. This allows direct visualization of the inner workings of physiological processes at a systems level context in a living cell or tissue. Fluorescence microscopy enables the study of diverse processes including protein l ...
The Biology
... lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a failure of the neuron to work in this reverse direction. The neuron communicates its message by “firing,” which refers to its changing from a [g] _______________ to an [h] _______________. Neurons express the action potential following the [i] _ ...
... lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a failure of the neuron to work in this reverse direction. The neuron communicates its message by “firing,” which refers to its changing from a [g] _______________ to an [h] _______________. Neurons express the action potential following the [i] _ ...
Ch 48 49 Notes - Dublin City Schools
... – A peripheral nervous system (PNS), • Made mostly of nerves which brings information into and out of the CNS • A nerve is a communication line made from cable like bundles of neuron fibers Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... – A peripheral nervous system (PNS), • Made mostly of nerves which brings information into and out of the CNS • A nerve is a communication line made from cable like bundles of neuron fibers Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... monkeys, first mapped on the basis of cellular features, and the distribution of myelin (Brodmann, 1905; Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Walker, 1940; Von Bonin and Bailey, 1947; Sanides, 1970; Barbas and Pandya, 1989; Preuss and Goldman-Rakic, 1991; Morecraft et al., 1992) have been subdivided further with th ...
... monkeys, first mapped on the basis of cellular features, and the distribution of myelin (Brodmann, 1905; Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Walker, 1940; Von Bonin and Bailey, 1947; Sanides, 1970; Barbas and Pandya, 1989; Preuss and Goldman-Rakic, 1991; Morecraft et al., 1992) have been subdivided further with th ...
The neurophysiological correlates of motor tics following focal
... The wide band recorded extracellular data was split into high(neuronal spiking activity) and low-frequency activity (LFP) components using high- and low-pass filters, respectively. The action potentials of individual neurons were sorted offline (OfflineSorter V2.8.7, Plexon, Plano, TX, USA). Offline ...
... The wide band recorded extracellular data was split into high(neuronal spiking activity) and low-frequency activity (LFP) components using high- and low-pass filters, respectively. The action potentials of individual neurons were sorted offline (OfflineSorter V2.8.7, Plexon, Plano, TX, USA). Offline ...
Physiology of endocrine system
... but only six have well-established functions. • All peptides, these six “classical” hormones are folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH), thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin), prolactin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, corticotropin). Each of ...
... but only six have well-established functions. • All peptides, these six “classical” hormones are folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH), thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin), prolactin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, corticotropin). Each of ...
BRAINSTEM
... plexiform layer, w/ ganglion cells in inner plexiform layer. 2 types: ROD – synapses from many rod cells = less acuity, greater sensitivity. CONE – synapses from few cone cells = high acuity. Function: Link photoreceptors directly to retinal projection neurons (ganglion cells) (Ref: NA 167,169) Loca ...
... plexiform layer, w/ ganglion cells in inner plexiform layer. 2 types: ROD – synapses from many rod cells = less acuity, greater sensitivity. CONE – synapses from few cone cells = high acuity. Function: Link photoreceptors directly to retinal projection neurons (ganglion cells) (Ref: NA 167,169) Loca ...
prenatal formation of cortical input and development of
... cortical layer 5 which give rise to the corticostriatal projection are generated some time between E45 and E63 (P. Rakic and G. Wikmark, unpublished observations). Thus, at least the earlier generated layer 5 neurons have had ample time to migrate to the cortex and to elaborate efferent axons that r ...
... cortical layer 5 which give rise to the corticostriatal projection are generated some time between E45 and E63 (P. Rakic and G. Wikmark, unpublished observations). Thus, at least the earlier generated layer 5 neurons have had ample time to migrate to the cortex and to elaborate efferent axons that r ...
Kenji Doya 2001
... that is, to seek some kind of reward, such as food or water, and to avoid punishment, such as pain or death. Prediction of future reward is essential for learning motor behavior or even making any voluntary movement at all. The theory of reinforcement learning [3] provides a computational framework ...
... that is, to seek some kind of reward, such as food or water, and to avoid punishment, such as pain or death. Prediction of future reward is essential for learning motor behavior or even making any voluntary movement at all. The theory of reinforcement learning [3] provides a computational framework ...
NIH Public Access
... sonar signal and the returning echo (Simmons 1971,1973; Simmons et al., 1979). Downward FM sweeps, used in most bat echolocation signals, provide for very good estimates of pulseecho delays (Simmons and Stein, 1980). These time delays are encoded within the central auditory system of echolocating ba ...
... sonar signal and the returning echo (Simmons 1971,1973; Simmons et al., 1979). Downward FM sweeps, used in most bat echolocation signals, provide for very good estimates of pulseecho delays (Simmons and Stein, 1980). These time delays are encoded within the central auditory system of echolocating ba ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... using cells expressing OX1R, which has a 1-order-ofmagnitude greater affinity for orexin-A compared with orexin-B. BLAST search for EST data bases with OX1R sequence as a query led us identification of another subtype of orexin receptor, OX2R, to which both orexin-A and orexin-B bind with similar af ...
... using cells expressing OX1R, which has a 1-order-ofmagnitude greater affinity for orexin-A compared with orexin-B. BLAST search for EST data bases with OX1R sequence as a query led us identification of another subtype of orexin receptor, OX2R, to which both orexin-A and orexin-B bind with similar af ...
Mechanisms of Contour Perception in Monkey Visual Cortex. I. Lines
... 16 equidistant data points, covering 45”, 90”, or 180”, by calculating midpoint and distance between the points of half-maximal response on either flank. Simple cells were distinguished from complex cells by the separation of the traces in the dot display of responses to light and dark bars, and lig ...
... 16 equidistant data points, covering 45”, 90”, or 180”, by calculating midpoint and distance between the points of half-maximal response on either flank. Simple cells were distinguished from complex cells by the separation of the traces in the dot display of responses to light and dark bars, and lig ...
Neural Control of Eye Movements
... posture, no maeer what path the eye took to get there. • Lis3ng’s Law – Any eye posiDon can be described by rotaDon of the eye from primary posiDon about a single axis lying in a specific fronto-parallel plane (“LisDng’s plane”). • LisDng’s Law usually holds true for steady gaze posiDons and ...
... posture, no maeer what path the eye took to get there. • Lis3ng’s Law – Any eye posiDon can be described by rotaDon of the eye from primary posiDon about a single axis lying in a specific fronto-parallel plane (“LisDng’s plane”). • LisDng’s Law usually holds true for steady gaze posiDons and ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
... 1995a). In particular, gradients of in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons has been reported in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey, where the primary visual areas show much lower densities compared to visual association areas located in the parietal and temporal cortex (Kondo et al. ...
Physiol. Res. 49: 000
... on frog sciatic nerve fibers (Lass and Abeles 1975) and also by means of computer modeling on thin nonmyelinated nerve fibers (Horikawa 1991). The results from these experiments showed that the PP expressed as standard deviation of the travel times of APs propagating along the axon can only be 5 µs ...
... on frog sciatic nerve fibers (Lass and Abeles 1975) and also by means of computer modeling on thin nonmyelinated nerve fibers (Horikawa 1991). The results from these experiments showed that the PP expressed as standard deviation of the travel times of APs propagating along the axon can only be 5 µs ...
The Central Visual System
... Area MT (temporal lobe) Most cells: Direction-selective; Respond more to the motion of objects than their shape Beyond area MT - Three roles of cells in area MST (parietal lobe) Navigation Directing eye movements Motion perception Slide 29 Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3rd Ed, Bear, Connors, an ...
... Area MT (temporal lobe) Most cells: Direction-selective; Respond more to the motion of objects than their shape Beyond area MT - Three roles of cells in area MST (parietal lobe) Navigation Directing eye movements Motion perception Slide 29 Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3rd Ed, Bear, Connors, an ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... 3. Provide personal perspective based on the researched literature. ...
... 3. Provide personal perspective based on the researched literature. ...
A Neuronal Model of Predictive Coding Accounting for the
... remain debated. We propose here a detailed neuronal model of auditory cortex, based on predictive coding, that accounts for the critical features of MMN. The model is entirely composed of spiking excitatory and inhibitory neurons interconnected in a layered cortical architecture with distinct input, ...
... remain debated. We propose here a detailed neuronal model of auditory cortex, based on predictive coding, that accounts for the critical features of MMN. The model is entirely composed of spiking excitatory and inhibitory neurons interconnected in a layered cortical architecture with distinct input, ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.