Distribution of GABA‐like immunoreactivity in the rat amygdaloid
... anti-GABA antibodies (Seguela et al., '84; Geffard et al., neuropil. Relying on the organization of GABA-Li neurons, we '85). Male Wistar rats (n = 9) were anesthetized with pentobarbital, and perfusion-fixation was performed by intra- have differentiated three groups of nuclei: group I (lateral car ...
... anti-GABA antibodies (Seguela et al., '84; Geffard et al., neuropil. Relying on the organization of GABA-Li neurons, we '85). Male Wistar rats (n = 9) were anesthetized with pentobarbital, and perfusion-fixation was performed by intra- have differentiated three groups of nuclei: group I (lateral car ...
Highly Specific Olfactory Receptor Neurons for Types of Amino
... spontaneous activity (⬃5 spikes/s) that could be elevated or inhibited in response to amino acids (Kang and Caprio 1995, 1997). Furthermore, response inhibition (25%) was the dominant response type (13% excited; 62% nonresponsive). In addition, a few single ORNs showed excitation to some amino acids ...
... spontaneous activity (⬃5 spikes/s) that could be elevated or inhibited in response to amino acids (Kang and Caprio 1995, 1997). Furthermore, response inhibition (25%) was the dominant response type (13% excited; 62% nonresponsive). In addition, a few single ORNs showed excitation to some amino acids ...
To maintain homeostasis, cells must work together in a co
... the membrane, as discussed in the preceding chapter. This potential is related to the uneven distribution of Na, K, and large intracellular protein anions between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF), and to the differential permeability of the plasma membrane to these ions ...
... the membrane, as discussed in the preceding chapter. This potential is related to the uneven distribution of Na, K, and large intracellular protein anions between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF), and to the differential permeability of the plasma membrane to these ions ...
Neural stem cell engineering: directed differentiation of adult and
... are generated throughout the spinal cord (29-32). Furthermore, it remains to be determined if these proliferating cells are a unique bipotent population of progenitors, or a heterogeneous population of proliferating progenitors already committed to either an astrocytic or oligodendrocytic lineage. H ...
... are generated throughout the spinal cord (29-32). Furthermore, it remains to be determined if these proliferating cells are a unique bipotent population of progenitors, or a heterogeneous population of proliferating progenitors already committed to either an astrocytic or oligodendrocytic lineage. H ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... body (MGB) simultaneously with electrical stimulations of the basal forebrain (BF) in urethaneanesthetized rats, we investigated state-dependent spontaneous and auditory-evoked activities in the auditory thalamocortical circuit. BF stimulation induced a short-lasting desynchronized state, with spars ...
... body (MGB) simultaneously with electrical stimulations of the basal forebrain (BF) in urethaneanesthetized rats, we investigated state-dependent spontaneous and auditory-evoked activities in the auditory thalamocortical circuit. BF stimulation induced a short-lasting desynchronized state, with spars ...
Goal-Directed Navigation based on Path Integration and Decoding
... The first evidence of spatially responsive cells in the rat hippocampus came with the discovery of place cells, which were seen to respond at distinct locations in the environment (O’Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971). However, place cells do not appear to encode any metric information, such as distances a ...
... The first evidence of spatially responsive cells in the rat hippocampus came with the discovery of place cells, which were seen to respond at distinct locations in the environment (O’Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971). However, place cells do not appear to encode any metric information, such as distances a ...
Inflammation-Induced Gene Expression in Brain and Adrenal Gland Linda Engström
... release of stress hormones. Neuropeptides, used in the communication between neurons, are because of their release properties and sustained actions likely mediators of homeostatic responses. The enkephalinergic system constitutes one of the largest neuropeptidergic systems in the brain, but its invo ...
... release of stress hormones. Neuropeptides, used in the communication between neurons, are because of their release properties and sustained actions likely mediators of homeostatic responses. The enkephalinergic system constitutes one of the largest neuropeptidergic systems in the brain, but its invo ...
Hypergravity hinders axonal development of motor neurons
... space mission for 16 days (DeFelipe et al., 2002). Alterations in gravity could also affect the development of neuronal projections. In hypergravity conditions, 150G force induced neuron-like cell differentiation and development of longer neurites in cultured PC12 cells (Genchi et al., 2015). Moreov ...
... space mission for 16 days (DeFelipe et al., 2002). Alterations in gravity could also affect the development of neuronal projections. In hypergravity conditions, 150G force induced neuron-like cell differentiation and development of longer neurites in cultured PC12 cells (Genchi et al., 2015). Moreov ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... mate with three males for 2-3 days before being assayed for both positional aversion and egg-laying attraction responses to 0.50 mM lobeline. Experimental protocols and preference index calculations for single fly assays were identical to those described above for the two-choice assay of egg-laying ...
... mate with three males for 2-3 days before being assayed for both positional aversion and egg-laying attraction responses to 0.50 mM lobeline. Experimental protocols and preference index calculations for single fly assays were identical to those described above for the two-choice assay of egg-laying ...
Unsupervised Learning of Cell Activities in the Associative Cortex of Behaving Monkeys, Using HMM
... Hebb hypothesized in 1949 that the basic information processing unit in the cortex is a cellassembly which can act, brie y, as a closed system after stimulation has ceased, and constitutes the simplest instance of a representative process. This hypothesized cell-assembly may include thousands of cel ...
... Hebb hypothesized in 1949 that the basic information processing unit in the cortex is a cellassembly which can act, brie y, as a closed system after stimulation has ceased, and constitutes the simplest instance of a representative process. This hypothesized cell-assembly may include thousands of cel ...
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are
... Breeding, housing, and genotyping of mice. POMC–EGFP transgenic mice were housed on a 14/10 h light/dark cycle at an ambient temperature in the Department of Comparative Medicine murine-specific pathogenfree facility. Mouse chow (Purina Mills, St. Louis, MO) and water were provided ad libitum. Genot ...
... Breeding, housing, and genotyping of mice. POMC–EGFP transgenic mice were housed on a 14/10 h light/dark cycle at an ambient temperature in the Department of Comparative Medicine murine-specific pathogenfree facility. Mouse chow (Purina Mills, St. Louis, MO) and water were provided ad libitum. Genot ...
Cholinergic Elements in the Zebrafish Central Nervous System
... subdivisions, including the octavolateral area, reticular formation, and motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. ChAT-ir elements in this area were restricted to the descending octaval nucleus, the octaval efferent nucleus and the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. Additionally, spinal cord motoneurons ...
... subdivisions, including the octavolateral area, reticular formation, and motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. ChAT-ir elements in this area were restricted to the descending octaval nucleus, the octaval efferent nucleus and the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. Additionally, spinal cord motoneurons ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... obtain offspring that inherited the Ube3a YFP allele either through the maternal or paternal germline. On the basis of the increased molecular weight of E6-AP:YFP (E6-AP, 100 kDa; E6-AP:YFP, 130 kDa), we used western blotting to distinguish the expression of the Ube3a YFP allele according to parent ...
... obtain offspring that inherited the Ube3a YFP allele either through the maternal or paternal germline. On the basis of the increased molecular weight of E6-AP:YFP (E6-AP, 100 kDa; E6-AP:YFP, 130 kDa), we used western blotting to distinguish the expression of the Ube3a YFP allele according to parent ...
Organization of acetylcholine-containing structures in the cranial
... into two major groups which were connected together, and the nucleus as a whole was semilunar in shape (Figure 6b). The first group was placed more dorsally near the fourth ventricle, while the second group was located ventrolaterally from the first one. All the stained neurons showed the same, mode ...
... into two major groups which were connected together, and the nucleus as a whole was semilunar in shape (Figure 6b). The first group was placed more dorsally near the fourth ventricle, while the second group was located ventrolaterally from the first one. All the stained neurons showed the same, mode ...
UNRAVELING THE SENSE OF SMELL
... possible to determine the number of OR genes in these species. This was done by Lancet and Zozulya for human (Glusman et al., 2001; Zozulya et al., 2001) and by Firestein and Trask for mouse (Young and Trask, 2002; Zhang and Firestein, 2002), and in my lab it was done for both species by Bettina Mal ...
... possible to determine the number of OR genes in these species. This was done by Lancet and Zozulya for human (Glusman et al., 2001; Zozulya et al., 2001) and by Firestein and Trask for mouse (Young and Trask, 2002; Zhang and Firestein, 2002), and in my lab it was done for both species by Bettina Mal ...
Cover page
... priming of cortical sensory representations may arise from amygdalar and hypothalamic synaptic inputs to cortex, as well as from local hormonal and neuromodulatory actions on specific cortical neurons. To monitor motivation-related changes in neural activity in the same large populations of neurons ...
... priming of cortical sensory representations may arise from amygdalar and hypothalamic synaptic inputs to cortex, as well as from local hormonal and neuromodulatory actions on specific cortical neurons. To monitor motivation-related changes in neural activity in the same large populations of neurons ...
Neuronal and microglial cathepsins in aging and age
... 2.2. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism It is well known that APP is metabolized through two different pathways, secretory and endosomal/lysosomal pathways. In the secretory pathway, -site APP cleavage enzyme (BACE), a novel transmembrane aspartic protease, has been recently identified as  ...
... 2.2. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism It is well known that APP is metabolized through two different pathways, secretory and endosomal/lysosomal pathways. In the secretory pathway, -site APP cleavage enzyme (BACE), a novel transmembrane aspartic protease, has been recently identified as  ...
Linking Cognitive Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics: New Perspectives from Williams... Ursula Bellugi and Marie St. George (Eds.)
... neural systems are located in the brain and what types of mental activity activates or suppress these neural systems. This information, together with older information from the study of patients with neurological damage, have shown, for example, that the frontal lobes are involved in many aspects of ...
... neural systems are located in the brain and what types of mental activity activates or suppress these neural systems. This information, together with older information from the study of patients with neurological damage, have shown, for example, that the frontal lobes are involved in many aspects of ...
disparity detection from stereo
... The network learning approaches in category (3) do not require a match between the left and right elements. Instead, the binocular stimuli with a specific disparity are matched with binocular neurons in the form of neuronal responses. Different neurons have developed different preferred patterns of ...
... The network learning approaches in category (3) do not require a match between the left and right elements. Instead, the binocular stimuli with a specific disparity are matched with binocular neurons in the form of neuronal responses. Different neurons have developed different preferred patterns of ...
The Outer (External) Ear
... entire length of the basilar membrane and contains the sensory hair cells. ...
... entire length of the basilar membrane and contains the sensory hair cells. ...
Vision in Drosophila - University of Queensland
... The phototaxis assay also proved useful to understand color vision. Drosophila discriminates different colors in the range from green to UV (62, 79) (Figure 1), although flies have an innate preference for UV. This behavior is driven mainly by R7 photoreceptors, as flies lacking R7 (sevenless mutants) ...
... The phototaxis assay also proved useful to understand color vision. Drosophila discriminates different colors in the range from green to UV (62, 79) (Figure 1), although flies have an innate preference for UV. This behavior is driven mainly by R7 photoreceptors, as flies lacking R7 (sevenless mutants) ...
Multimodal Integration in Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Provides an
... protocols were approved by the McGill University Animal Care Committee and were in compliance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care. Surgical procedures. The surgical techniques and anesthesia protocols were similar to those previously described by Roy and Cullen (2001). Briefly ...
... protocols were approved by the McGill University Animal Care Committee and were in compliance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care. Surgical procedures. The surgical techniques and anesthesia protocols were similar to those previously described by Roy and Cullen (2001). Briefly ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... train of three stimulus pulses lasting a total of 6 ms at an intensity of 1,000 PA. Low-intensity, longer duration electrical stimuli (24 pulses, 75 PA, 70 ms) traditionally used to evoke saccades from the frontal eye field were also followed by a cessation in omnipause neuron firing, but only after ...
... train of three stimulus pulses lasting a total of 6 ms at an intensity of 1,000 PA. Low-intensity, longer duration electrical stimuli (24 pulses, 75 PA, 70 ms) traditionally used to evoke saccades from the frontal eye field were also followed by a cessation in omnipause neuron firing, but only after ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.