Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... following manufacturer’s instructions. The concentration of RNA was measured by spectrophotometer to make sure a A260/A280 ratio close to 1.8–2.0. Equal amount of RNA (500 ng) from each sample was used for cDNA synthesis in a volume of 10 µl according to the guideline in Takara RT reagent kit (Takar ...
... following manufacturer’s instructions. The concentration of RNA was measured by spectrophotometer to make sure a A260/A280 ratio close to 1.8–2.0. Equal amount of RNA (500 ng) from each sample was used for cDNA synthesis in a volume of 10 µl according to the guideline in Takara RT reagent kit (Takar ...
View PDF
... pro-apoptotic signaling cascades, which result in the death of RGCs32. A great number of studies have demonstrated that exogenous NMDA induced the rapid death of adult RGCs, and excess glutamate has been found in the retina in glaucoma33, while inhibitors of NMDAR or downstream pathways have a prot ...
... pro-apoptotic signaling cascades, which result in the death of RGCs32. A great number of studies have demonstrated that exogenous NMDA induced the rapid death of adult RGCs, and excess glutamate has been found in the retina in glaucoma33, while inhibitors of NMDAR or downstream pathways have a prot ...
Review Article Regeneration of Zebrafish CNS
... and (b) easy amenability to various genetic analyses such as generation of transgenic lines, knockdown strategy like morpholino antisense technology, generation of mutants, and novel knockouts [3–6]. Another important property of this system is the transparency of its embryo, which allows us to unde ...
... and (b) easy amenability to various genetic analyses such as generation of transgenic lines, knockdown strategy like morpholino antisense technology, generation of mutants, and novel knockouts [3–6]. Another important property of this system is the transparency of its embryo, which allows us to unde ...
Multiple Sequence Alignments
... structural similarity, or by extremely time- and memory-intensive automated exact algorithms. Some programs have interfaces that are more userfriendly than others. And most programs are excellent so it depends on your preference. If your proteins have 3D structures, use these to help you judge your ...
... structural similarity, or by extremely time- and memory-intensive automated exact algorithms. Some programs have interfaces that are more userfriendly than others. And most programs are excellent so it depends on your preference. If your proteins have 3D structures, use these to help you judge your ...
The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts
... A modern parcellation of the agranular frontal cortex (motor cortex) of the macaque monkey is shown in Fig. 1. The subdivision is based on cytoarchitectural and histochemical data (Matelli et al., 1985, 1991). F1 basically corresponds to area 4 of Brodmann (1909), the other areas are subdivsions of ...
... A modern parcellation of the agranular frontal cortex (motor cortex) of the macaque monkey is shown in Fig. 1. The subdivision is based on cytoarchitectural and histochemical data (Matelli et al., 1985, 1991). F1 basically corresponds to area 4 of Brodmann (1909), the other areas are subdivsions of ...
Primate Red Nucleus Discharge Encodes the Dynamics of Limb
... To study the modulation of the control signals represented by the discharge of single RNm neurons, we used two different types of limb movement tasks. During the free-form tasks, all of the implanted muscles became active in some phase of the movement with a wide variety of patterns of activation ac ...
... To study the modulation of the control signals represented by the discharge of single RNm neurons, we used two different types of limb movement tasks. During the free-form tasks, all of the implanted muscles became active in some phase of the movement with a wide variety of patterns of activation ac ...
Goodwin S.F., Taylor, B.J., Villella, A., Foss, M., Ryner, L. C., Baker, B. S., and Hall, J. C.
... These mutants exhibit defects in certain steps of courtship, but they are able to carry out subsequent steps. For example, fru1, fru2, fru3, and fru4 homozygotes exhibit defects very early in courtship, in that they cannot discriminate between females and males as appropriate courtship partners, yet ...
... These mutants exhibit defects in certain steps of courtship, but they are able to carry out subsequent steps. For example, fru1, fru2, fru3, and fru4 homozygotes exhibit defects very early in courtship, in that they cannot discriminate between females and males as appropriate courtship partners, yet ...
Characterising nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the plant parasitic
... nicotine is effective against both C. elegans and G. pallida. However, levamisole, a nAChR agonist which is highly effective at paralysing C. elegans, is ineffective against G. pallida. In C. elegans the levamisole sensitive receptor is comprised of unc-38, unc-63, lev-8, lev-1 and unc-29 subunits. ...
... nicotine is effective against both C. elegans and G. pallida. However, levamisole, a nAChR agonist which is highly effective at paralysing C. elegans, is ineffective against G. pallida. In C. elegans the levamisole sensitive receptor is comprised of unc-38, unc-63, lev-8, lev-1 and unc-29 subunits. ...
Mechanisms of Neuronal Computation in Mammalian Visual Cortex
... explore how these properties, many of which are highly nonlinear, arise. We have found that many receptive field properties of V1 simple cells fall directly out of Hubel and Wiesel’s feedforward model when the model incorporates realistic neuronal and synaptic mechanisms, including threshold, synapt ...
... explore how these properties, many of which are highly nonlinear, arise. We have found that many receptive field properties of V1 simple cells fall directly out of Hubel and Wiesel’s feedforward model when the model incorporates realistic neuronal and synaptic mechanisms, including threshold, synapt ...
neuron number decreases in the rat ventral, but not dorsal, medial
... to 11 sections per animal. The volume of each mPFC region was estimated by scanning the camera lucida tracings of the parcellated areas into a computer and quantifying the area of each with NIH image (version 1.62, 1999), then applying the Cavalieri method by which volume is estimated to be the prod ...
... to 11 sections per animal. The volume of each mPFC region was estimated by scanning the camera lucida tracings of the parcellated areas into a computer and quantifying the area of each with NIH image (version 1.62, 1999), then applying the Cavalieri method by which volume is estimated to be the prod ...
membrane potential
... The equilibrium potential (Eion) is the membrane voltage for a particular ion at equilibrium and can be calculated using the Nernst equation The equilibrium potential for K is −90 mV The resting potential of an actual neuron is about −60 to −80 mV because a small amount of Na diffuses into ...
... The equilibrium potential (Eion) is the membrane voltage for a particular ion at equilibrium and can be calculated using the Nernst equation The equilibrium potential for K is −90 mV The resting potential of an actual neuron is about −60 to −80 mV because a small amount of Na diffuses into ...
Age-related naturally occurring depression of
... other two sides were made of transparent plastic. The floor was made of stainless steel rods connected to a shock delivery apparatus (Grid Floor Shocker, Coulbourn Instruments, Model E13-08). There was a loudspeaker to emit acoustic stimuli of known intensity, frequency, and duration. The apparatus w ...
... other two sides were made of transparent plastic. The floor was made of stainless steel rods connected to a shock delivery apparatus (Grid Floor Shocker, Coulbourn Instruments, Model E13-08). There was a loudspeaker to emit acoustic stimuli of known intensity, frequency, and duration. The apparatus w ...
... recordings will show a strong synchronisation (or correlation) between A and B / C while B and C will show a weaker correlation reflecting their shared input from A. The study of the correlation between multiple spike trains offers the opportunity to map the underlying neuronal network structure and ...
PPT - Altogen Biosystems
... The NCI-H1299 line originates from the lung cells of a 43-year old Caucasian male patient suffering from non-small cell lung cancer. The patient received radiation prior to cell line establishment. The cell line is specifically derived from a lymph node metastatic site. The NCI-H1299 cell line displ ...
... The NCI-H1299 line originates from the lung cells of a 43-year old Caucasian male patient suffering from non-small cell lung cancer. The patient received radiation prior to cell line establishment. The cell line is specifically derived from a lymph node metastatic site. The NCI-H1299 cell line displ ...
Visual Categorization and the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... monkeys’ average reaction time during each recording session to exclude any effects related to the execution of the behavioral response. Category information in neuronal activity was assessed using several methods. We computed an index of category tuning by calculating each neuron’s average firing r ...
... monkeys’ average reaction time during each recording session to exclude any effects related to the execution of the behavioral response. Category information in neuronal activity was assessed using several methods. We computed an index of category tuning by calculating each neuron’s average firing r ...
Nociceptors: the sensors of the pain pathway
... humans and surrogate animal models (15, 16), although we are far from understanding the cell biology of pain perception. Advances are hampered by the difficulties inherent in studying neuronal processes in humans, cellular changes in nociceptors induced by invasive methods, the inability to record d ...
... humans and surrogate animal models (15, 16), although we are far from understanding the cell biology of pain perception. Advances are hampered by the difficulties inherent in studying neuronal processes in humans, cellular changes in nociceptors induced by invasive methods, the inability to record d ...
Dr. Ghassan The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): After studying
... Changes in organ and tissue function throughout the body are coordinated so that there is an increase in the delivery of well-oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the working skeletal muscles. Both heart rate and myocardial contractility are increased so that the heart pumps more blood per minute. Sym ...
... Changes in organ and tissue function throughout the body are coordinated so that there is an increase in the delivery of well-oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the working skeletal muscles. Both heart rate and myocardial contractility are increased so that the heart pumps more blood per minute. Sym ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.