Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... 4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)] and slow time courses [Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)]. Each feed-forward interneuron connects to 10 pyramidal cells. These synapses elicit synaptic potentials with both fast (20%) and slow (80%) time courses representing GABAA and GABAB receptors. Both time courses hav ...
... 4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)] and slow time courses [Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)]. Each feed-forward interneuron connects to 10 pyramidal cells. These synapses elicit synaptic potentials with both fast (20%) and slow (80%) time courses representing GABAA and GABAB receptors. Both time courses hav ...
Neuronal Activity and Ion Homeostasis in the Hypoxic Brain
... Dronne et al. [6], for example, have modeled ion movements between neurons, glia and extracellular space and the resulting cell swelling following occlusion of a blood vessel. Their model includes 30 ion channels, pumps, exchangers and receptors. They show that an a-specific sodium channel blocker d ...
... Dronne et al. [6], for example, have modeled ion movements between neurons, glia and extracellular space and the resulting cell swelling following occlusion of a blood vessel. Their model includes 30 ion channels, pumps, exchangers and receptors. They show that an a-specific sodium channel blocker d ...
synaptic connections of morphologically identified and
... on the basis that (i) the horizontal extent of their axo nal arborization was three times or more than the extent of the dendritic arbori zation; (ii) some of thei r va ricose terminal segments surrounded the perikarya of other neurons. The large elongated perikarya of the first two basket cells wer ...
... on the basis that (i) the horizontal extent of their axo nal arborization was three times or more than the extent of the dendritic arbori zation; (ii) some of thei r va ricose terminal segments surrounded the perikarya of other neurons. The large elongated perikarya of the first two basket cells wer ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... (MacLean et al., 2006), and voltage-sensitive dye imaging (Petersen and Sakmann, 2001). The second approach involves making neuronal recordings from the intact brain, where it is possible to correlate neural activity with sensory perception and behavior. As in recordings in brain slices, simultaneou ...
... (MacLean et al., 2006), and voltage-sensitive dye imaging (Petersen and Sakmann, 2001). The second approach involves making neuronal recordings from the intact brain, where it is possible to correlate neural activity with sensory perception and behavior. As in recordings in brain slices, simultaneou ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... Modes of Radial Migration in the Cerebral Cortex Radial migration of neurons generated in cortical progenitor zones follows a series of highly coordinated stages and is thought to involve at least two different modes of cell movement. The first cohort of neurons that migrate out of the cortical VZ c ...
... Modes of Radial Migration in the Cerebral Cortex Radial migration of neurons generated in cortical progenitor zones follows a series of highly coordinated stages and is thought to involve at least two different modes of cell movement. The first cohort of neurons that migrate out of the cortical VZ c ...
Leptin Receptor Signaling and Action in the Central Nervous System
... action in vivo, and sites of leptin action in vivo. Using “reporter” mice, in which LRb-expressing (long form of the leptin receptor) neurons express the histological marker, -galactosidase, coupled with the detection of LRb-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling even ...
... action in vivo, and sites of leptin action in vivo. Using “reporter” mice, in which LRb-expressing (long form of the leptin receptor) neurons express the histological marker, -galactosidase, coupled with the detection of LRb-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling even ...
Multiple Representation in Primate SI
... 3b leave Area 1 unresponsive, consistent with anatomy studies that show that Area 1 receives the bulk of its input from Area 3b. These findings suggest that direct thalamic inputs to Area 1 play either a weak or a modulatory role in cutaneous information processing (Garraghty et al., 1990). In compa ...
... 3b leave Area 1 unresponsive, consistent with anatomy studies that show that Area 1 receives the bulk of its input from Area 3b. These findings suggest that direct thalamic inputs to Area 1 play either a weak or a modulatory role in cutaneous information processing (Garraghty et al., 1990). In compa ...
The Features and Functions of Neuronal Assemblies: Possible
... neurons extending in space up to 1–2 mm, and lasting for hundreds of milliseconds: as such they could potentially link bottom-up, micro-scale with top-down, macroscale events. The perspective first compares the features in vitro versus in vivo of this underappreciated “meso-scale” level of brain pro ...
... neurons extending in space up to 1–2 mm, and lasting for hundreds of milliseconds: as such they could potentially link bottom-up, micro-scale with top-down, macroscale events. The perspective first compares the features in vitro versus in vivo of this underappreciated “meso-scale” level of brain pro ...
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... transport of rabies virus after localized injections into AIP. The parameters for using rabies as a transneuronal tracer have been examined extensively in the cebus monkey (e.g. Kelly and Strick, 2000, 2003). In addition, we have examined the subcortical inputs to a number of cortical regions in the ...
... transport of rabies virus after localized injections into AIP. The parameters for using rabies as a transneuronal tracer have been examined extensively in the cebus monkey (e.g. Kelly and Strick, 2000, 2003). In addition, we have examined the subcortical inputs to a number of cortical regions in the ...
The contribution of intrinsic membrane dynamics to fast network
... in determining the frequency of network-generated fast coherent oscillations. The purpose of the present paper is to understand how single-neuron properties affect collective oscillations in the strong noise regime. ...
... in determining the frequency of network-generated fast coherent oscillations. The purpose of the present paper is to understand how single-neuron properties affect collective oscillations in the strong noise regime. ...
PPT - Altogen Biosystems
... 5. Optional: Add 2 µl of Complex Condenser. This reagent reduces the size of transfection complex, therefore increasing transfection efficiency; however it may increase cell toxicity 6. Add prepared transfection complexes to 0.5 ml of complete growth medium with 4T1 cells (from step 2) 7. Incubate c ...
... 5. Optional: Add 2 µl of Complex Condenser. This reagent reduces the size of transfection complex, therefore increasing transfection efficiency; however it may increase cell toxicity 6. Add prepared transfection complexes to 0.5 ml of complete growth medium with 4T1 cells (from step 2) 7. Incubate c ...
Fig. 2 - eNeuro
... used to drive the glass blob to tap the tadpole forehead to simulate its physical head-on clashes with a solid surface. The speed of tap could be adjusted by changing the sinewave frequency to match natural swimming speed (⬃36 mm/s). To exclude the involvement of the cement gland in KO responses, th ...
... used to drive the glass blob to tap the tadpole forehead to simulate its physical head-on clashes with a solid surface. The speed of tap could be adjusted by changing the sinewave frequency to match natural swimming speed (⬃36 mm/s). To exclude the involvement of the cement gland in KO responses, th ...
Kisspeptin Signaling Is Required for the Luteinizing Introduction of Males
... Kisspeptin signaling is essential for GnRH secretion and reproduction [13,14]. In humans and mice, loss of function mutations in the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r) result in failure to progress through puberty and resultant infertility [14]. Kisspeptin stimulates LH secretion in a GnRH dependant manne ...
... Kisspeptin signaling is essential for GnRH secretion and reproduction [13,14]. In humans and mice, loss of function mutations in the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r) result in failure to progress through puberty and resultant infertility [14]. Kisspeptin stimulates LH secretion in a GnRH dependant manne ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
Kandel chs. 17, 18 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... functional organization of the nervous system is governed by a relatively simple set of principles that make the many details of brain anatomy comprehensible. In this chapter we review the major anatomical components of the central nervous system and outline the organizational principles of the majo ...
... functional organization of the nervous system is governed by a relatively simple set of principles that make the many details of brain anatomy comprehensible. In this chapter we review the major anatomical components of the central nervous system and outline the organizational principles of the majo ...
Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley&O'Loughlin
... Divisions perform dramatically different functions. ...
... Divisions perform dramatically different functions. ...
Dendrites as separate compartment – local protein synthesis
... by phosphorylations and dephosphorylations) of existing synaptic proteins (Goelet et al. 1986) whereas longterm plasticity and late phase of LTP require an increased protein synthesis; of those which are already active in a synapse, and those which are to be recruited to the process of making a syna ...
... by phosphorylations and dephosphorylations) of existing synaptic proteins (Goelet et al. 1986) whereas longterm plasticity and late phase of LTP require an increased protein synthesis; of those which are already active in a synapse, and those which are to be recruited to the process of making a syna ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.