Functional Neuroanatomy for Posture and Gait Control
... for Posture and Gait Control Kaoru Takakusaki The Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan ...
... for Posture and Gait Control Kaoru Takakusaki The Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan ...
Inferring spike-timing-dependent plasticity from spike train data
... For τ− > τ+ this corresponds to a more general Hebbian rule, where synapses are strengthened whenever pre- and post-synaptic spikes occur in close proximity. When spikes do not occur in close proximity the synapse is weakened. In this case, the parameters A+ , A− , τ+ , and τ− determine the magnitud ...
... For τ− > τ+ this corresponds to a more general Hebbian rule, where synapses are strengthened whenever pre- and post-synaptic spikes occur in close proximity. When spikes do not occur in close proximity the synapse is weakened. In this case, the parameters A+ , A− , τ+ , and τ− determine the magnitud ...
ling411-16 - Rice University
... subdivided into functional columns on the basis of additional features That is, this columnar structure is representing categories and subcategories ...
... subdivided into functional columns on the basis of additional features That is, this columnar structure is representing categories and subcategories ...
fulltext
... pars compacta (SNc) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) 3 (Figure 1). Together, these structures link most areas of the cerebral cortex with upper motor neurons in the primary motor and premotor cortex and brainstem. The neurons within this loop modulate their activity in anticipation of and during mo ...
... pars compacta (SNc) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) 3 (Figure 1). Together, these structures link most areas of the cerebral cortex with upper motor neurons in the primary motor and premotor cortex and brainstem. The neurons within this loop modulate their activity in anticipation of and during mo ...
Thinking About Thinking
... (I would include brain-generated thought that acts like “stimuli”). Rather than brain being a passive receptacle for receipt of information in the world, brain dynamics support purposive action in which the brain directs its sense organs as needed to detect, abstract, interpret, and learn from senso ...
... (I would include brain-generated thought that acts like “stimuli”). Rather than brain being a passive receptacle for receipt of information in the world, brain dynamics support purposive action in which the brain directs its sense organs as needed to detect, abstract, interpret, and learn from senso ...
PDF
... of U by modifying the length constant p and the cut off R for several choices of the gain g and threshold K. Figure 2 shows a typical example, a plot of the propagation velocity against the inverse of the synaptic length constant p for different length cutoffs R. For convenience, we have divided the ...
... of U by modifying the length constant p and the cut off R for several choices of the gain g and threshold K. Figure 2 shows a typical example, a plot of the propagation velocity against the inverse of the synaptic length constant p for different length cutoffs R. For convenience, we have divided the ...
Information processing in a neuron ensemble with the multiplicative
... Received 9 October 2002; revised 6 October 2003 ...
... Received 9 October 2002; revised 6 October 2003 ...
BRAIN DYNAMICS AT MULTIPLE SCALES: CAN ONE RECONCILE
... we investigate models of randomly-connected networks of integrate-and-fire neurons, and also contrast global (averaged) variables, with neuronal activity. The network displays different states, such as “synchronous regular” (SR) or “asynchronous irregular” (AI) states. In SR states, the global variabl ...
... we investigate models of randomly-connected networks of integrate-and-fire neurons, and also contrast global (averaged) variables, with neuronal activity. The network displays different states, such as “synchronous regular” (SR) or “asynchronous irregular” (AI) states. In SR states, the global variabl ...
A Curious Commentary on a Book on Mirror Neurons and Other
... some aspects are preserved while others are impaired. It is assumed by the authors that the impaired components are due to motor-related deficits. But much other work contradicts this claim, however (Berger & Ingersoll, 2014; Bird, Leighton, Press, & Heyes, 2007; Cusack, Williams, & Neri, 2015; Gall ...
... some aspects are preserved while others are impaired. It is assumed by the authors that the impaired components are due to motor-related deficits. But much other work contradicts this claim, however (Berger & Ingersoll, 2014; Bird, Leighton, Press, & Heyes, 2007; Cusack, Williams, & Neri, 2015; Gall ...
Dysregulating Factors
... of BKCa and LTCC channels on plasma membrane, and in additon excessive calcium levels as result from either extracellular space or intracellular store-released, are known to modulate functioning of potassium channels [15141163, 16828974, 15486093] (see also Epilepsy). It may be worth noting that KCN ...
... of BKCa and LTCC channels on plasma membrane, and in additon excessive calcium levels as result from either extracellular space or intracellular store-released, are known to modulate functioning of potassium channels [15141163, 16828974, 15486093] (see also Epilepsy). It may be worth noting that KCN ...
Lexical Plasticity in Early Bilinguals Does Not Alter Phoneme
... Japanese liquid /l/. Like Japanese natives learning English with the /r/–/l/ contrast, Spanish natives have great difficulties in perceiving (and producing) the Catalanspecific /e/–/>/ contrast. Because Spanish and Catalan are co-official in Catalonia, they are both widely used, in formal as well as ...
... Japanese liquid /l/. Like Japanese natives learning English with the /r/–/l/ contrast, Spanish natives have great difficulties in perceiving (and producing) the Catalanspecific /e/–/>/ contrast. Because Spanish and Catalan are co-official in Catalonia, they are both widely used, in formal as well as ...
From sensorimotor learning to memory cells in prefrontal and
... Fig. 2 e Brain areas, model architecture and connectivity. (A)e(B) Sets of cortical areas, which were imitated by the network’s area structure and long-distance connectivity. Sensory (different shades of blue) and motor (shades of red) areas relevant for learning the associations (A) between articul ...
... Fig. 2 e Brain areas, model architecture and connectivity. (A)e(B) Sets of cortical areas, which were imitated by the network’s area structure and long-distance connectivity. Sensory (different shades of blue) and motor (shades of red) areas relevant for learning the associations (A) between articul ...
HEAD III: Special Senses
... • Retina is outgrowth of brain • Neurons have specialized receptors at end with “photo pigment” proteins (rhodopsins) – Rod cells function in dim light, not color-tuned – Cone cells have three types: blue, red, green – In color blindness, gene for one type of rhodopsin is deficient, usually red or g ...
... • Retina is outgrowth of brain • Neurons have specialized receptors at end with “photo pigment” proteins (rhodopsins) – Rod cells function in dim light, not color-tuned – Cone cells have three types: blue, red, green – In color blindness, gene for one type of rhodopsin is deficient, usually red or g ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... 0022-3077/12 Copyright © 2012 the American Physiological Society ...
... 0022-3077/12 Copyright © 2012 the American Physiological Society ...
Action Potentials
... muscle skeletal contractions • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) • Controls subconscious actions, contractions of ...
... muscle skeletal contractions • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) • Controls subconscious actions, contractions of ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... 4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)] and slow time courses [Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)]. Each feed-forward interneuron connects to 10 pyramidal cells. These synapses elicit synaptic potentials with both fast (20%) and slow (80%) time courses representing GABAA and GABAB receptors. Both time courses hav ...
... 4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)] and slow time courses [Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)]. Each feed-forward interneuron connects to 10 pyramidal cells. These synapses elicit synaptic potentials with both fast (20%) and slow (80%) time courses representing GABAA and GABAB receptors. Both time courses hav ...
The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
... the DA-containing fibers from the SNc24, and accompanied by athetosis, which has a slower, serotonergic afferents from the dorsal raphe writhing character. Huntington's disease (HD), an nuclei 2°. Output from the basal ganglia is directed autosomal dominant hereditary neurodegenerative to several re ...
... the DA-containing fibers from the SNc24, and accompanied by athetosis, which has a slower, serotonergic afferents from the dorsal raphe writhing character. Huntington's disease (HD), an nuclei 2°. Output from the basal ganglia is directed autosomal dominant hereditary neurodegenerative to several re ...
Neuronal Activity and Ion Homeostasis in the Hypoxic Brain
... Dronne et al. [6], for example, have modeled ion movements between neurons, glia and extracellular space and the resulting cell swelling following occlusion of a blood vessel. Their model includes 30 ion channels, pumps, exchangers and receptors. They show that an a-specific sodium channel blocker d ...
... Dronne et al. [6], for example, have modeled ion movements between neurons, glia and extracellular space and the resulting cell swelling following occlusion of a blood vessel. Their model includes 30 ion channels, pumps, exchangers and receptors. They show that an a-specific sodium channel blocker d ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.