An ontology-based search engine for digital
... Received: 6 December 2016 / Accepted: 13 March 2017 / Published online: 23 March 2017 The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication ...
... Received: 6 December 2016 / Accepted: 13 March 2017 / Published online: 23 March 2017 The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication ...
Smell Prism - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ
... hundreds of olfactory receptors (OR). Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that communicate to the olfactory bulb. OSN can regenerate, giving them an unusual ability to recover from injury. OSN located in separate regions use 4 subfamil ...
... hundreds of olfactory receptors (OR). Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that communicate to the olfactory bulb. OSN can regenerate, giving them an unusual ability to recover from injury. OSN located in separate regions use 4 subfamil ...
Regional Differentiation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in
... plastic tubes, returned to cage for 2 hours • All animals were terminated within the same time period of the day ...
... plastic tubes, returned to cage for 2 hours • All animals were terminated within the same time period of the day ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... 1992, 1998; Fung et al., 1994; Ling et al., 1994; Borday et al., 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vag ...
... 1992, 1998; Fung et al., 1994; Ling et al., 1994; Borday et al., 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vag ...
Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
... error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are known to project into the underlying white matter (Nimch ...
... error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are known to project into the underlying white matter (Nimch ...
Uncomfortable images produce non-sparse responses in a model of
... generate sparse responses to natural image samples produce units with receptive fields that are strikingly similar to those found in the visual cortex [5]. This suggests that sparse coding might, indeed, be a strategy used by the human visual system to maximize information transfer with minimum meta ...
... generate sparse responses to natural image samples produce units with receptive fields that are strikingly similar to those found in the visual cortex [5]. This suggests that sparse coding might, indeed, be a strategy used by the human visual system to maximize information transfer with minimum meta ...
LWW PPT Slide Template Master
... • Neurotransmitters build chemical bridge between one neuron and another • With threshold stimulus, neuron generates impulse (action potential) – Depolarization – Refractory period – Repolarization Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
... • Neurotransmitters build chemical bridge between one neuron and another • With threshold stimulus, neuron generates impulse (action potential) – Depolarization – Refractory period – Repolarization Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
rEvIEW - McLoon Lab
... subtype receives synaptic inputs. Fast synaptic transmission occurs between OPCs and axons, both in the hippocampus and the cerebellum12,13. These OPCs can receive input mediated by the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)14,15. The functional significance of these neuron-to-gl ...
... subtype receives synaptic inputs. Fast synaptic transmission occurs between OPCs and axons, both in the hippocampus and the cerebellum12,13. These OPCs can receive input mediated by the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)14,15. The functional significance of these neuron-to-gl ...
The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
... area of the nbM assessed was not identical in all studies; this is partly due to its poor demarcation. Because the neurons were counted in areas of maximum cell density, the identical population was not necessarily studied from case to case. In spite of the above caveat, a few conclusions can be dra ...
... area of the nbM assessed was not identical in all studies; this is partly due to its poor demarcation. Because the neurons were counted in areas of maximum cell density, the identical population was not necessarily studied from case to case. In spite of the above caveat, a few conclusions can be dra ...
Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
... Review have been developed and applied to various experimental paradigms, including perceptual tasks that involve both decision making and working memory, action selection and preparation, learning flexible sensorimotor associations, and reward-based economic choice behaviors such as foraging or int ...
... Review have been developed and applied to various experimental paradigms, including perceptual tasks that involve both decision making and working memory, action selection and preparation, learning flexible sensorimotor associations, and reward-based economic choice behaviors such as foraging or int ...
PPT - Altogen Biosystems
... Products > PANC-1 Transfection Reagent (Non-endocrine Pancreatic Cancer) Altogen Biosystems offers the Transfection Reagent for PANC-1 Cells Transfection Reagent among a host of 100+ cell line specific In Vitro Transfection Kits. The PANC-1 Transfection Reagent is a proprietary cationic lipids formu ...
... Products > PANC-1 Transfection Reagent (Non-endocrine Pancreatic Cancer) Altogen Biosystems offers the Transfection Reagent for PANC-1 Cells Transfection Reagent among a host of 100+ cell line specific In Vitro Transfection Kits. The PANC-1 Transfection Reagent is a proprietary cationic lipids formu ...
The Isotropic Fractionator: A Fast, Reliable Method to Determine
... al., 2014). These include studies of the entire human brain (Azevedo et al., 2009), of the distribution of neurons across functional areas of the mouse cerebral cortex (Herculano-Houzel et al., 2013), across the human cerebral cortex (Ribeiro et al., 2013), and of the changes in the cellular composi ...
... al., 2014). These include studies of the entire human brain (Azevedo et al., 2009), of the distribution of neurons across functional areas of the mouse cerebral cortex (Herculano-Houzel et al., 2013), across the human cerebral cortex (Ribeiro et al., 2013), and of the changes in the cellular composi ...
Primary Visual Pathway
... • Complex cells - receptive field has a mixture of on and off zones • Length cells - respond to length of a bar that was moved across a receptive field • Direction cells - respond to direction of a bar moving across the receptive field. ...
... • Complex cells - receptive field has a mixture of on and off zones • Length cells - respond to length of a bar that was moved across a receptive field • Direction cells - respond to direction of a bar moving across the receptive field. ...
Can regenerating axons recapitulate developmental
... after axons have crossed the midline30. After crossing the midline, ROBO1 and ROBO2 surface expression is upregulated and ROBO3 expression is downregulated, leading to increased SLIT sensitivity, which prevents commissural axons from re-crossing the midline31. The embryonic floor plate has a crucial ...
... after axons have crossed the midline30. After crossing the midline, ROBO1 and ROBO2 surface expression is upregulated and ROBO3 expression is downregulated, leading to increased SLIT sensitivity, which prevents commissural axons from re-crossing the midline31. The embryonic floor plate has a crucial ...
D2 receptor overexpression in the striatum leads to a deficit in
... control (n = 6, P = 0.77 for frequency and P = 0.82 for amplitude; Fig. 1C). Further analysis indicated that the input resistance (240.9 ± 10.9 MΩ in D2R-OE vs. 210.3 ± 10.8 MΩ in control, n = 10, P = 0.31) was not significantly altered, whereas the resting membrane potential (−71.2 ± 2.28 mV in D2R- ...
... control (n = 6, P = 0.77 for frequency and P = 0.82 for amplitude; Fig. 1C). Further analysis indicated that the input resistance (240.9 ± 10.9 MΩ in D2R-OE vs. 210.3 ± 10.8 MΩ in control, n = 10, P = 0.31) was not significantly altered, whereas the resting membrane potential (−71.2 ± 2.28 mV in D2R- ...
How Do Neurons Communicate?
... The first good electron micrographs, made in the 1950s, revealed many of the structures of a synapse. In the center of the micrograph in Figure 5-4 is a typical chemical synapse. The synapse is in color and its parts are labeled. The upper part of the synapse is the axon and terminal; the lower part ...
... The first good electron micrographs, made in the 1950s, revealed many of the structures of a synapse. In the center of the micrograph in Figure 5-4 is a typical chemical synapse. The synapse is in color and its parts are labeled. The upper part of the synapse is the axon and terminal; the lower part ...
Coding of movement
... where udyn(t) is the solution to the optimal control problem without static forces, and ustat(t) compensates for applied static forces. In the following, we only address the nature of dynamic CSs, in the absence of static forces, and u corresponds to udyn. The controller is described here as an open ...
... where udyn(t) is the solution to the optimal control problem without static forces, and ustat(t) compensates for applied static forces. In the following, we only address the nature of dynamic CSs, in the absence of static forces, and u corresponds to udyn. The controller is described here as an open ...
Software Documents
... Review > and Review < - If there is more than one creature in memory, you can review them with the Review > and Review < buttons. The difference between the two buttons is that they go through the list in opposite directions. If after viewing several creatures, you remember one that you would like t ...
... Review > and Review < - If there is more than one creature in memory, you can review them with the Review > and Review < buttons. The difference between the two buttons is that they go through the list in opposite directions. If after viewing several creatures, you remember one that you would like t ...
Cystatin C prevents degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons
... loss in the fetal mesencephalic cultures, an effect which could be partially reversed by treatment with cystatin C. Moreover, in vivo DA neurons survival study showed that administration of cystatin C in rats with 6OHDA-induced lesion partially rescued the nigral DA neurons. The results indicate tha ...
... loss in the fetal mesencephalic cultures, an effect which could be partially reversed by treatment with cystatin C. Moreover, in vivo DA neurons survival study showed that administration of cystatin C in rats with 6OHDA-induced lesion partially rescued the nigral DA neurons. The results indicate tha ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... in a 1% Triton X-100 solution, they were incubated in avidin– biotin peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and ...
... in a 1% Triton X-100 solution, they were incubated in avidin– biotin peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.