self-organising map
... •The motivation for the development of this model is due to the existence of topologically ordered computational maps in the human brain. •A computational map is defined by an array of neurons representing slightly differently tuned processors, which operate on the sensory information signals in par ...
... •The motivation for the development of this model is due to the existence of topologically ordered computational maps in the human brain. •A computational map is defined by an array of neurons representing slightly differently tuned processors, which operate on the sensory information signals in par ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
... Figure 1. Two neural mechanisms for a cortical neuron’s behavioral sensitivity. A cortical neuron exhibits behavioral sensitivity if its activity is correlated with perceptual behavior. For both mechanisms in A&B, information about the stimulus is encoded by visual cortical neurons and used to drive ...
... Figure 1. Two neural mechanisms for a cortical neuron’s behavioral sensitivity. A cortical neuron exhibits behavioral sensitivity if its activity is correlated with perceptual behavior. For both mechanisms in A&B, information about the stimulus is encoded by visual cortical neurons and used to drive ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... activity in motoneurons on the other (Fig. 1 B). We first examined connections from sensory neurons (RB) to sensory interneurons (dlc interneurons) in the dorsolateral region of the cord. With the spinal cord opened along its dorsal midline, RB neurons can be recognized by their large size and posit ...
... activity in motoneurons on the other (Fig. 1 B). We first examined connections from sensory neurons (RB) to sensory interneurons (dlc interneurons) in the dorsolateral region of the cord. With the spinal cord opened along its dorsal midline, RB neurons can be recognized by their large size and posit ...
Temporal Firing Patterns of Purkinje Cells in the Cerebellar Ventral
... the movement trajectory (Craig 1989). Although a forward model has been used to analyze the instantaneous firing frequency associated with some movements in previous studies (Berthier et al. 1991; Krauzlis and Lisberger 1994), it suffers from the fundamental difficulty that the movement cannot be pr ...
... the movement trajectory (Craig 1989). Although a forward model has been used to analyze the instantaneous firing frequency associated with some movements in previous studies (Berthier et al. 1991; Krauzlis and Lisberger 1994), it suffers from the fundamental difficulty that the movement cannot be pr ...
NG2+ CNS Glial Progenitors Remain Committed to the Oligodendrocyte Lineage in Postnatal Life and following Neurodegeneration
... chromosome (BAC) modification method (Yang et al., 1997) to generate transgenic mice in which an inducible form of Cre recombinase (CreER) is expressed under control of mouse PDGFaR promoter (see Figure S1A available online). After crossing to Z/EG reporter mice, three PDGFaR-CreER;Z/EG lines exhib ...
... chromosome (BAC) modification method (Yang et al., 1997) to generate transgenic mice in which an inducible form of Cre recombinase (CreER) is expressed under control of mouse PDGFaR promoter (see Figure S1A available online). After crossing to Z/EG reporter mice, three PDGFaR-CreER;Z/EG lines exhib ...
Presentation - people.vcu.edu
... • 16s rDNA V1-V3 hypervariable regions will be amplified using PCR. • -These regions are highly conserved throughout bacterial species, and the small changes in the sequences over time allow for the classification of species. • This will give us an idea of the relative abundance of each bacteria pre ...
... • 16s rDNA V1-V3 hypervariable regions will be amplified using PCR. • -These regions are highly conserved throughout bacterial species, and the small changes in the sequences over time allow for the classification of species. • This will give us an idea of the relative abundance of each bacteria pre ...
Synaptic Inputs to Stellate Cells in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
... been made from single, identified units in mice, but the arrangement of dendrites with respect to the tonotopy of the VCN suggests that T stellate cells are tuned narrowly. In cats, stellate cells that project through the trapezoid body respond to tones with steady firing as ‘‘choppers’’ (Smith and ...
... been made from single, identified units in mice, but the arrangement of dendrites with respect to the tonotopy of the VCN suggests that T stellate cells are tuned narrowly. In cats, stellate cells that project through the trapezoid body respond to tones with steady firing as ‘‘choppers’’ (Smith and ...
Neurotic Overview
... corticospinal tracts → terminate in ventral horn of spinal cord → axon out via ventral root to muscle b. Discriminitive touch/vibration and positional sense info to DRG → dorsal columns (fasciculus gracilis (lower) and cuneatus (upper)) → synapse in nuclei gracilis and cuneatus → 2° axon decussation ...
... corticospinal tracts → terminate in ventral horn of spinal cord → axon out via ventral root to muscle b. Discriminitive touch/vibration and positional sense info to DRG → dorsal columns (fasciculus gracilis (lower) and cuneatus (upper)) → synapse in nuclei gracilis and cuneatus → 2° axon decussation ...
Automatic discovery of cell types and microcircuitry from
... synapsing on both. In machine learning parlance, our method is unsupervised—it seeks to discover structure in data and make predictions in the absence of training data. Rather than taking in examples of types annotated by human neuroanatomists, we instead start with the weakest possible assumption i ...
... synapsing on both. In machine learning parlance, our method is unsupervised—it seeks to discover structure in data and make predictions in the absence of training data. Rather than taking in examples of types annotated by human neuroanatomists, we instead start with the weakest possible assumption i ...
Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in
... plots depicting spatial snapshots that are sequential in time. Each map shows the average change in contrast in each of the stimulus pixels that significantly modulated the response for at least two consecutive 3.7 msec time bins ( p ⬍ 0.01 in each bin; the estimated impulse response was at least 2. ...
... plots depicting spatial snapshots that are sequential in time. Each map shows the average change in contrast in each of the stimulus pixels that significantly modulated the response for at least two consecutive 3.7 msec time bins ( p ⬍ 0.01 in each bin; the estimated impulse response was at least 2. ...
PPT - Altogen Biosystems
... Altogen Biosystems offers the MG-63 Transfection Reagent among a host of 100+ cell line specific In Vitro Transfection Kits. The MG-63 Transfection Reagent is an advanced formulation of a lipid based reagent, and it has been developed to provide high transfection efficiency with the MG-63 cell line. ...
... Altogen Biosystems offers the MG-63 Transfection Reagent among a host of 100+ cell line specific In Vitro Transfection Kits. The MG-63 Transfection Reagent is an advanced formulation of a lipid based reagent, and it has been developed to provide high transfection efficiency with the MG-63 cell line. ...
MIRROR NEURON FUNCTION: AN EXAMINATION OF
... food does not move his fingers. Another important aspect is that activation ceases when the food is made available to him. Whereas, if these neurons were related to pre-motor neurons then activation would have increased in response to preparation of movement execution, not decreased. This supports t ...
... food does not move his fingers. Another important aspect is that activation ceases when the food is made available to him. Whereas, if these neurons were related to pre-motor neurons then activation would have increased in response to preparation of movement execution, not decreased. This supports t ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... Astrocytes are strongly coupled to one another by gap junctions (13), aqueous pores that are permeable to ions and other molecules with a molecular weight less than 1,000. A broad range of biologically important molecules, including nucleotides, sugars, amino acids, small peptides, cAMP, Ca2Ⳮ and in ...
... Astrocytes are strongly coupled to one another by gap junctions (13), aqueous pores that are permeable to ions and other molecules with a molecular weight less than 1,000. A broad range of biologically important molecules, including nucleotides, sugars, amino acids, small peptides, cAMP, Ca2Ⳮ and in ...
CNBC onnect - cnbc.cmu.edu - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... match all those attributes at once. The thing that’s remarkable is that the CNBC spans across so much of the campus at two universities and numerous departments, and people mostly just get along and actually work well together. From watching other places, that’s apparently quite hard to do, although ...
... match all those attributes at once. The thing that’s remarkable is that the CNBC spans across so much of the campus at two universities and numerous departments, and people mostly just get along and actually work well together. From watching other places, that’s apparently quite hard to do, although ...
PDF
... 0 or P identity of a given O/P teloblast by either the position or descendant fate of its blast cell bandlet. However, experiments in which one O/P teloblast was labeled with a tracer and the other ablated by toxic enzyme injection have shown that the 0 and P fates are segregated between the two sis ...
... 0 or P identity of a given O/P teloblast by either the position or descendant fate of its blast cell bandlet. However, experiments in which one O/P teloblast was labeled with a tracer and the other ablated by toxic enzyme injection have shown that the 0 and P fates are segregated between the two sis ...
Clones in the chick diencephalon contain multiple
... synthetic degenerate oligonucleotide tags with a theoretical complexity of >107 were cloned into the vector to create the vector library, CHAPOL. A large scale viral preparation yielded a stock with a concentration of 1.1×107 cfu/ml that was used for all experiments (Golden et al., 1995). Numerous e ...
... synthetic degenerate oligonucleotide tags with a theoretical complexity of >107 were cloned into the vector to create the vector library, CHAPOL. A large scale viral preparation yielded a stock with a concentration of 1.1×107 cfu/ml that was used for all experiments (Golden et al., 1995). Numerous e ...
A flexible genetic toolkit for arthropod neurogenesis
... with patterning cells with neurogenic potential (module A) and further early steps include the patterning (module B), proliferation (module C) and movement (module D) of neural progenitors. Variants of these modules can be detected across the animal kingdom and allow conclusions to be drawn on the m ...
... with patterning cells with neurogenic potential (module A) and further early steps include the patterning (module B), proliferation (module C) and movement (module D) of neural progenitors. Variants of these modules can be detected across the animal kingdom and allow conclusions to be drawn on the m ...
uncorrected proof - Università degli Studi di Parma
... views on the relations among action perception and cognition, and has boosted a renewed interest in the neuroscientific investigation of the social aspects of primate cognition. Experiments by Umiltà et al. (2001) showed that F5 mirror neurons are also activated during the observation of partially ...
... views on the relations among action perception and cognition, and has boosted a renewed interest in the neuroscientific investigation of the social aspects of primate cognition. Experiments by Umiltà et al. (2001) showed that F5 mirror neurons are also activated during the observation of partially ...
Broken Mirrors: A Theory of Autism
... part of the brain’s frontal lobe — are involved in controlling voluntary movements. For instance, one neuron will fire when the monkey reaches for a peanut, another will fire when the animal pulls a lever, and so on. These brain cells are often referred to as motor command neurons. (Bear in mind that ...
... part of the brain’s frontal lobe — are involved in controlling voluntary movements. For instance, one neuron will fire when the monkey reaches for a peanut, another will fire when the animal pulls a lever, and so on. These brain cells are often referred to as motor command neurons. (Bear in mind that ...
Mechanism of relation among heart meridian, referred cardiac pain
... to 1 mA and gradually increased to 10 mA. Such stimulation procedure might evoke stable cardiac sympathetic nerve and EMG responses. The cardiac sympathetic nerve responses and the EMG responses were fed to a storage oscilloscope to allow monitoring the experiments, and to a computerized system (Pow ...
... to 1 mA and gradually increased to 10 mA. Such stimulation procedure might evoke stable cardiac sympathetic nerve and EMG responses. The cardiac sympathetic nerve responses and the EMG responses were fed to a storage oscilloscope to allow monitoring the experiments, and to a computerized system (Pow ...
Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse Huazheng
... of mammalian species, but have not been comprehensively studied in the mouse. We have mapped these cells in the mouse using retrograde tracing after large unilateral Fluoro-Gold (FG) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections in the C1 and C2 spinal cord segments. We have identified over 30 cell gr ...
... of mammalian species, but have not been comprehensively studied in the mouse. We have mapped these cells in the mouse using retrograde tracing after large unilateral Fluoro-Gold (FG) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections in the C1 and C2 spinal cord segments. We have identified over 30 cell gr ...
PDF file
... The network learning approaches in category (3) do not require a match between the left and right elements. Instead, the binocular stimuli with a specific disparity are matched with binocular neurons in the form of neuronal responses. Different neurons have developed different preferred patterns of ...
... The network learning approaches in category (3) do not require a match between the left and right elements. Instead, the binocular stimuli with a specific disparity are matched with binocular neurons in the form of neuronal responses. Different neurons have developed different preferred patterns of ...
Event-Driven Simulation Scheme for Spiking Neural Networks Using
... the event data structure, so performance will be optimal under conditions that limit load (low connectivity, low activity). However, large synaptic divergences (with many different propagation delays) are an important feature of most brain regions. Previous implementations of event-driven schemes ha ...
... the event data structure, so performance will be optimal under conditions that limit load (low connectivity, low activity). However, large synaptic divergences (with many different propagation delays) are an important feature of most brain regions. Previous implementations of event-driven schemes ha ...
The role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes in neurodegenerative
... subunits. The p22phox subunit interacts with NOX1–4. NOX2 activation also involves association with rac, p47phox, p67phox and p40phox. NOX1 activity is believed to primarily involve association with rac, NOXO1 and NOXA1. However, the p47phox and p67phox can replace NOXO1 and NOXA1, respectively. NOX ...
... subunits. The p22phox subunit interacts with NOX1–4. NOX2 activation also involves association with rac, p47phox, p67phox and p40phox. NOX1 activity is believed to primarily involve association with rac, NOXO1 and NOXA1. However, the p47phox and p67phox can replace NOXO1 and NOXA1, respectively. NOX ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.